真空绝热低温液化气体贮罐及其检验

简要介绍了真空绝热低温液化气体贮藏罐的结构特点、制造要求、工作原理、在役检验及修理原则。     

超高分子量聚乙烯低温容器的制备与性能研究

针对目前低温容器的现状,提出用超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）作为低温容器结构材料的构想,并设计和制造出该低温容器。对UHMWPE低温容器进行了低温力学性能检测和绝热性能校核,结果表明该低温容器满足设计要求。     

低温绝热储运容器用加温罩优化探讨

LNG低温绝热储运容器外罐后封头用加温罩在低温绝热储运容器中起着相当重要的作用：加温罩直边部分的长短(加温罩过渡区域完好)影响充装管路到封头上热量的传递;也影响加温罩在工艺加工过程中的难易程度;而且管路通过加温罩伸出后与加排系统连接空间有限,所以加温罩直边部分的长短也会影响其与加排系统的对接安装工艺。综合考虑这几个方面的因素,本文对现用加温罩提出了一种优化方案。     

温度与充满率对低温容器无损贮存性能的影响

分析了环境温度和充满率对升压速度的影响 ,给出了环境温度变化对无损贮存性能影响的曲线、不同充满率下贮存压力与容器单位容积受热量和不同充满率下无损贮存压力与时间等关系图 ,并提出了最佳充满率的概念     

容器内作业气体成份的安全评价

在进入容器内部进行检修时,容器应与系统完全隔绝,并经清洗、置换,再对其内部的气体进行安全分析。分析项目有可燃气体、氧及有毒气体含量的分析。1.可燃气体含量的安全评价进入容器动火的标准要根据可燃介质的爆炸下限来确定。对于单一的可燃气体(或可燃液体的蒸汽,下同),动火分析标准如     

真空绝热容器外壳腐蚀裕量的分析

通过对国内外压力容器技术标准的研究,结合低温真空绝热容器外壳的选材、表面防腐处理工艺,综合考虑经济效益,论证了该类产品的外壳腐蚀裕量取0的可行性.在确保真空绝热容器安全、正常运行的前提下,使设备总成本尽可能降低.同时,该方法为真空绝热容器轻量化的研究提供了依据.     

影响低温液体贮槽绝热性能的因素及改善

本文通过对影响低温液体贮槽绝热性能的各种因素的分析,阐述了影响低温液体贮槽绝热性能的因素及改善方法,以便于实际生产中选择最佳的绝热形式及结构,改善绝热性能,保证低温液体贮槽绝热性能。     

液化气储存容器中充装量的探讨

液化气储存容器充装量系数设计时,应考虑装料温度的影响。指出了在液化气储存容器设计文件中明确充装量的重要性。     

聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温材料的研究进展

基于聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温材料的应用和研究,综述了保温材料的研究现状,从影响保温材料保温性能的三大因素——耐火性能、导热率、吸水率进行具体分析;然后基于聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温材料的研究现状,概述了聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的优势,并分析了其耐火性能和保温性能,发现聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料在保温方面效果显著;聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温材料可以应用于...     

新型隔热保温涂料的研制

介绍了一种引入了膨胀微球的新型隔热保温涂料的研制方法,并将该涂料与普通涂料、玻璃微球保温涂料进行了比较。结果表明,引入了膨胀微球后涂料密度大幅降低,隔热和保温(特别是内保温)性能较普通涂料和玻璃微球涂料相比都有了明显的提高。     

建筑外墙保温用胶粘剂

简述建筑外墙保温技术;介绍建筑外墙保温用胶粘剂的特点、种类及制备方法;对我国建筑外墙保温用胶粘剂的发展提出一些看法。     

隔热涂料和外墙外保温的匹配组合

按照隔热保温机理,可将隔热保温涂料分为反射隔热涂料、辐射隔热涂料及阻隔性隔热保温涂料三类。针对不同地区的气候特点,将隔热保温涂料和外墙外保温组合起来,产生舒适的室内热环境,达到节能的目的。     

二氧化硅气凝胶复合隔热材料研究进展

二氧化硅气凝胶具有高孔隙率、低热导率等特点,使其成为新型超级隔热材料。然而,二氧化硅气凝胶的柔韧性、整体性差,并且常温干燥制备的气凝胶在高温时热导率迅速上升,这些都大大限制了二氧化硅气凝胶的应用。近些年,通过原位溶胶-凝胶法和模压成型法制备得到的二氧化硅气凝胶复合隔热材料,在一定程度上提高了其韧性、整体性和高温隔热性能,使得二氧化硅气凝胶作为单独块体隔热材料成为可能。本文阐述了二氧化硅气凝胶隔热材料的隔热机理,综述了近年来抗辐射型、纤维增强型和聚合物增强型二氧化硅气凝胶复合隔热材料的研究现状,最后讨论了该领域今后研究趋势。     

Effects of hollow microspheres on the thermal insulation of polysiloxane foam

Polysiloxane foam (SIF) was prepared through foaming and crosslinking processes and reinforced with modified hollow microspheres (HMs). The HM filler was modified with vinyl trimethoxysilane to improve the compatibility between the vinyl trimethoxysilane modified hollow microsphere (VMS–HM) and the matrix. The treated HMs were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and energy spectroscopy. The thermal stability and insulation of the composites were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and thermal conductivity. SIF with 5% VMS–HMs yielded a minimum thermal conductivity of 0.078 W/mK. The thermal stability was improved by the addition of HM, and the mechanical properties were significantly enhanced. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 133, 44778.     

水性纳米复合隔热涂料的研制

以纳米ATO(掺锑二氧化锡)浆料和纳米TiO2粉体配合高反射与高辐射性能的颜填料,制备了一种水性纳米复合隔热涂料.乳液、颜料和填料筛选实验表明,聚合物乳液种类对涂层隔热性能几乎没有影响;颜料中,金红石型二氧化钛是性能最好的反射填料,其用量在PVC=18%时,涂层隔热性能最好;绢云母具有一定的辐射隔热效果,当其质量分数为11%时,涂层性能最忧,辐射率可达0.86;纳米ATO浆料具有良好的隔热效果,其最佳用量为10%.当以质量比为1:2的添加量将纳米ATO和纳米TiO2加入到涂料中,所得涂层在全波段(200～2 500 nm)的太阳热反射比为86%,辐射率为0.86.     

Development of fly ash cenosphere-based composite for thermal insulation application

Cenosphere-based composite was developed with addition of clay and other additives, by dry processing route. The performance of cenosphere as high-temperature insulating material was studied. Cenosphere stands unique among the constituents found in fly ash due to its hollow spherical structure. Cenosphere is utilized in numerous modern applications due to its unique properties such as lightness, high compressive strength, enhanced flow characteristics, less water absorption, chemical inertness, and good thermal resistance. Keeping cenosphere as major component, three different mix recipes for insulating brick were made. The recipes were blended and shaped by pressing, followed by drying and sintering at 1000°C. The prepared samples were analyzed for their physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The surface and pore distribution are analyzed by scanning electron microscope. Results from the analysis shows that cenosphere can be used as high temperature insulating material.     

High-performance heterocyclic para-aramid aerogels for selective dye adsorption and thermal insulation applications

The high-performance polymer para-aramid (PPTA) is discovered to gel too soon during the polymerization process, resulting in poor processing performance. In this work, a homogeneous polymer solution containing heterocyclic para-aramid (HPPTA) was successfully synthesized by introducing 2,4-aminophenyl-5-aminobenzimidazole groups into the molecular chains of PPTA, and then HPPTA aerogel was prepared using a supercritical drying technique that took advantage of the HPPTA solution's excellent property of slow gelation. When the HPPTA polymer mass fraction was 1 wt%, the aerogel had the lowest density of 0.086 g cm⁻³ with a BET specific surface area of 376.59 m² g⁻¹. The HPPTA-2 aerogel had better adsorption performance for anionic dye methyl orange, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 319.47 mol g⁻¹; however, its adsorption capacity for cationic dye methylene blue and neutral dye dimethyl yellow was very low, at only 19.68 and 0 mol g⁻¹, respectively. The selective adsorption ability of HPPTA aerogel made it a simple and scalable platform for removing anionic dyes from water solutions. Furthermore, the HPPTA aerogel has outstanding thermal properties for thermal insulation applications in severe environments due to the synergistic effect of the 3D porous structure inside the aerogel and the exceptional thermal stability of the HPPTA.     

Opacifier embedded and fiber reinforced alumina-based aerogel composites for ultra-high temperature thermal insulation

A novel method was developed to uniformly disperse sub-micron TiO₂ opacifier into fiber reinforcements using agar and silica as binders via freeze drying. TiO₂ opacifier/ fiber/ alumina-based aerogel ternary (TFA) composites with high strength and excellent high-temperature thermal insulation were successfully prepared by sol-gel route, impregnation process and supercritical fluid drying. The microstructure, mechanical and thermal insulation properties of TFA composites were investigated comprehensively. The results show that the mechanical property of TFA composites can be significantly enhanced by mullite fiber felt and the incorporation of SiO₂ binder. The effect of TiO₂ opacifier on the high-temperature thermal conductivity was studied by adjusting the content of TiO₂ from 0 to 15 wt%. The obtained TFA composites exhibit high Young's modulus of up to 3.58 MPa and low high-temperature thermal conductivities of 0.129 W/m·K at 800 °C and 0.168 W/m·K at 1000 °C, respectively. The mechanism of heat transfer in TFA composites at high-temperature was also analyzed.