γ辐照对聚-L-乳酸性能的影响

采用60Co γ射线对聚-L-乳酸(Polv(L-lactic acid),PLLA)进行辐照.研究了在真空、氮气、空气和氧气气氛下吸收剂量对PLLA粘均分子量、结晶行为以及热失重的影响,并采用粘度法、差示扫描量热法(Differential scanning calorimeter,DSC)、偏光显微镜(Polarized microscope,POM)、热重分析法(17hermogravimetry analysis,TGA)对其进行了表征.结果表明,PLLA粘均分子量随吸收剂量的增加而下降,真空辐照的PLLA粘均分子量最高;在吸收剂量6～40kGy范围内,辐照提高PLLA的结晶度和结晶速率;在吸收剂量6～40kGy范围内,辐照后PLLA的TGA曲线移向高温.6kGy的吸收剂量,PLLA在氧气辐照气氛下热失重低于氮气辐照气氛.     

辐照对板鸭保藏及其品质影响的研究

研究了板鸭的辐照保藏以及辐照对板鸭的感官性质,蛋白质和脂肪的性质、组成,亚硝酸盐残留量等的影响。结果表明:板鸭的辐照保藏可选用1—5kGy的剂量;辐照的剂量为5kGy时,板鸭的颜色和气昧开始发生质变;随剂量增加,颜色由鲜红→暗→灰褐,10 kGy时变为灰色,同时辐照影响了板鸭的特征风味;低于10 kGy剂量的辐照对板鸭的蛋白质降解、氨基酸(除含硫的胱氨酸和半胱氨酸随剂量增大明显下降外)组成及脂肪性质、脂肪酸组成无明显影响,但蛋白质的结构却随剂量的增加而变得越来越松散,易于被胰蛋白酶水解;低于5 kGy的剂量辐照对亚硝酸盐含量无明显影响,大于5 kGy时亚硝酸盐含量明显上升。     

辐照对板鸭保藏及其品质影响的研究

研究了板鸭的辐照保藏以及辐照对板鸭的感官性质,蛋白质和脂肪的性质、组成,亚硝酸盐残留量等的影响。结果表明:板鸭的辐照保藏可选用1—5kGy的剂量;辐照的剂量为5kGy时,板鸭的颜色和气昧开始发生质变;随剂量增加,颜色由鲜红→暗→灰褐,10 kGy时变为灰色,同时辐照影响了板鸭的特征风味;低于10 kGy剂量的辐照对板鸭的蛋白质降解、氨基酸(除含硫的胱氨酸和半胱氨酸随剂量增大明显下降外)组成及脂肪性质、脂肪酸组成无明显影响,但蛋白质的结构却随剂量的增加而变得越来越松散,易于被胰蛋白酶水解;低于5 kGy的剂量辐照对亚硝酸盐含量无明显影响,大于5 kGy时亚硝酸盐含量明显上升。     

氢同位素催化交换过程影响因素研究

氢-水催化交换反应是研究氢同位素分离的重要手段,对反应过程中各影响因素的研究是氢同位素分离工作中的重要内容。在自行设计的不锈钢催化交换柱中,装填一定体积比的疏水催化剂与亲水填料,进行H-D体系气液催化交换实验。观察反应温度、气液摩尔比、不同原料水氘浓度对传质系数的影响,讨论了气体流速对床层压力降的影响情况。结果表明,不同气液比下,反应温度为45°C时传质系数最高。传质系数随原料水氘浓度(5.05 20.1)×10 3增加而降低,传质系数在0.58 1.17和2.65 3.56随着气液摩尔比而增加,催化交换柱床层压力降随气体流速而增加。研究发现,反应温度、气液摩尔比和氘浓度等因素均会影响氘的传质系数。     

Ti-Mo合金吸氢动力学的同位素效应

为寻找一种价格低廉、分离性能优良的氢同位素分离材料来替代金属Pd,对Ti-Mo合金的氢同位素效应进行研究。采用磁悬浮熔炼方法制备5种不同组成的TiMox（x=0.03、0.13、0.25、0.50、1.00,Mo/Ti原子比）固溶体合金,用定容变压法测试了250～650℃范围内的吸氘动力学性能。结合前期吸氕动力学的研究结果可知,在250～650℃范围内,合金的平衡吸氕量略大于合金的平衡吸氘量。Mo含量小于1.00,在低温（250～450℃）下,合金的吸氘表观活化能均为负值。高温（450～650℃）下,合金的吸氘表观活化能大于吸氕表观活化能,与钛吸氢同位素动力学效应保持一致。     

PVA/PEO/Chitosan水凝胶膜的辐照法制备及其性能研究

研究了辐照剂量和壳聚糖含量对水凝胶膜性能的影响。以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚氧化乙烯(PEO)和壳聚糖(Chitosan)为原料,采用γ射线辐照法制备了一种新型水凝胶膜。结果表明,随着辐照剂量的增大,凝胶分数会增大,溶胀率会降低;辐照剂量达到21kGy时,凝胶分数可以达到70%,辐照剂量大于21kGy以后,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率会随着辐照剂量的增大而降低;随着壳聚糖含量的增加,水凝胶膜的凝胶分数、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都会减小,而溶胀率会有一定的提高。辐照后壳聚糖的一些特殊官能团没有改变,将会保持它的抑菌性能,从而获得了一种新型水凝胶膜。     

辐照猪肉产生的2-十二烷基环丁酮剂量检测及其微波加热影响

以2-十二烷基环丁酮(2-DCB)为检测目标物,使用60Coγ射线在1-10 kGy辐照剂量下对猪肉进行辐照,用气质联用仪(GC-MS)进行定量分析,显示2-DCB浓度与辐照剂量呈线性关系,从而计算出辐照加工猪肉盲样的辐照剂量-1.19 kGy.对辐照后的猪肉进行微波加热,发现微波加热方式对2-DCB基本没有影响.     

三种疏水催化剂耐氚辐照稳定性初步研究

为考察3种疏水催化剂Pt-SDB(SDB为苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物)，Pt-PTFE（PTFE为聚四氟乙烯），Pt-C-PTFE 的耐氚辐照稳定性，将其置于1.26×10¹²Bq/L的氚水中静态辐照210 d后，对其催化交换性能及催化剂中残存氚进行分析。结果表明，3种催化剂在氚的β辐照下未发生裂解，催化剂中氚的残存量随催化剂比表面积的增加而增加，基本没有发生结构上的氚取代反应；但在氚水辐照后，3种疏水催化剂的交换性能出现了不同程度的变化，按单位质量Pt粒子计算，在测试不确定度范围内Pt-PTFE和Pt-C-PTFE的转化率没有发生明显变化，Pt-SDB(1)的转化率下降了11.2％，Pt-SDB(2)的转化率下降了16.9％。     

~(60)Co γ辐照制备钠米铜粉的研究

研究了60Co γ辐照硫酸铜水溶液体系制备纳米铜粉。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、激光粒度仪分析(LSPSDA)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分别表征材料的结构、形貌、大小以及材料的熔点。结果表明,随着辐照剂量的逐步增加,辐照产物越接近纯铜,铜粒径逐渐减小,当辐照剂量达到400kGy时辐照产物为纯铜。不同辐照剂量对粒子的形貌没有影响,粒子主要呈球形。     

氮元素对高k铪基介电薄膜总剂量抗辐射性能的影响研究

本文采用MIS电容结构,结合10keVX射线辐照试验,研究了HfON和HfO2介电薄膜的总剂量抗辐射性能。研究结果表明,在0—30kGy(Si)的辐照总剂量下,以HfON薄膜为绝缘层的MIS结构的平带电压漂移均远低于HfO2MIS电容结构。从微观角度探讨了氮元素对改进高k铪基介电薄膜总剂量抗辐射性能的作用机理。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.