基于ISM模型的地方铁路总承包项目关键成功因素研究

为提高地方铁路总承包项目管理水平及保证项目成功交付,研究其关键成功因素很有必要。首先,通过文献研究法及实地调研法总结了地方铁路总承包项目的 32个成功因素,提出项目成功因素的六维模型;然后,使用问卷调查统计得出项目成功因素的重要性程度排序,找出了业主资金拨付、总包团队管理水平、地方政府支持程度等15个关键成功因素;接着采用ISM模型法,构建了关键成功因素的层次结构模型,使用模型分析了关键成功因素的作用路径。例如,关键成功因素可以通过总包团队管理水平→分包团队水平→劳务队伍水平→业主干预→业主资金拨付的路径影响项目成功。最后,从不同角度对地方铁路总承包项目的实施提出对策建议,以供项目相关参建方参考。     

轨道交通BT项目风险分担研究

风险分担是轨道交通BT项目实施过程中要解决的关键问题之一,合理的风险分担能够提高项目绩效,有助于项目成功。目前关于轨道交通BT项目的风险分担主要都是定性研究,有必要探讨一种定性和定量结合的风险分担模型,以期合理分担项目风险。遵循BT项目风险分担的5个原则,将Shapley值与BT项目风险分担的5个影响因素结合,构建基于Shapley值修正法的轨道交通BT项目风险分担模型,并以深圳地铁五号线BT项目为例进行检验。运用WBS-RBS,方法识别深圳地铁五号线BT项目的风险因素,通过构建的风险分担模型对这些因素进行风险分担分析,得出深圳地铁五号线BT项目的风险分担基本合理,但不利物质条件和不可抗力风险都归属于BT主办人,加大了BT主办人风险的结论。对于法律变更和税收制度变化风险没有提及,容易引起合同实施过程中的纠纷。     

政府发起BT模式建设工程项目的关键成功因素及管理对策

将通过调研分析识别出的BT项目45个成功因素归纳为五方面,即项目制度的成熟度与完善性、权责风险分担的公平性与合理性、沟通组织管理的有效性、项目社会经济效益的可行性和产品服务技术质量的可靠性。然后采用专家访谈的方法,从政府视角提出针对关键成功因素的管理对策。     

PPP 项目关系管理的关键成功因素

关系的质量是建设工程项目成败的关键因素之一。鉴于 PPP（公私合作关系）模式内生的项目复杂性和特殊性特征,探索 PPP 项目中关系管理的关键成功因素显得十分必要。通过文献综述和专家访谈方法获取 PPP 项目关系管理的 9 个关键成功因素,并形成调查问卷;在问卷调查的基础上,通过数据分析归纳我国 PPP 项目关系管理的现状与关键成功因素。问卷数据分析发现,高层管理者的承诺和支持、相互信任、风险的公平分担、问题/冲突解决的能力是 PPP 项目关系管理最重要的关键成功因素。此外,公共部门和私人部门对大多数关键成功因素的重要性认识不存在显著性差异。     

市政BT投资的项目管理

通过剖析市政BT投资项目特点,以自身实际工作的体会,提出成功投资市政BT项目,应在充分结合其特点的基础上进行项目实施阶段的管理。其中最关键的是做好前期的充分准备、过程的反馈与调整、结果的严格考核三个环节的内容。     

大型公共建设项目管理绩效评价——基于管理过程视角

基于管理过程的视角,对大型公共建设项目管理绩效评价进行研究。首先将管理过程划分为6个子过程,以各个子过程的关键任务为主线,从项目管理的职能维度和项目管理的影响因素维度提出各子过程的关键管理绩效因素,在此基础上,通过德尔菲法得到了各子过程的管理绩效评价指标。然后借助于绩效指标重要性的问卷调查,得出各个管理子过程及各项管理绩效评价指标的权重,从而构建大型公共项目管理绩效评价指标体系。     

高校科研项目关键成功因素研究

高校科研项目是科技创新实施的重要方式,但其实施过程中还存在诸多问题。原因在于未明确这类项目成功的关键因素,管理重点不突出。在以往研究的基础上,分析了高校科研项目的成功因素,基于问卷调查数据,采用因子分析和回归分析识别了高校科研项目的关键成功因素,能够帮助科研项目管理人员明确该类项目实施的关键和重点因素,实现对项目的有效管控,从而提高高校科研项目的成功率。     

政府BT项目实施的问题与对策——以台州椒江区繁荣家园BT项目为例

对我国政府BT运行模式存在的前期准备工作不充分、承包商选择不尽合理及监管缺失等问题进行分析,提出健全政府BT项目的决策机制、重视招标前的准备工作、强化监督机制并建立应对风险机制等建议。最后以台州椒江区繁荣家园BT项目为例进行分析,以促进政府BT项目的成功实施。     

BT工程项目风险分析和分配研究

近年来,BT模式在基础设施建设中大量运用,由于BT项目和基础设施的本身特点,使得BT项目运作过程不确定性加大,风险增加。加强风险管控,风险责任分配是保证项目成功运行的关键。通过分析基础设施建设BT项目的风险因素,构建了风险指标体系和风险分配评价标准,在此基础上运用多属性离差最大化和熵权法原理,建立了BT项目风险分配模型。最后通过算例说明模型的运用。研究表明,模型有助于确定BT项目风险责任的分配顺序和风险承担程度。     

BT模式项目管理在城市基础设施建设实践中的应用分析

随着经济体制改革的进一步深入以及市场经济的不断发展,政府通过引入BT项目投融资建设模式实现对城市基础设施的快速兴建,使国家财政资金以外的各类资本获得更多的参与基础设施建设的机会。以上海城建承接的南昌市首个BT项目沿江中大道与北大道连通工程成功实施为例,对该项目BT实施方项目管理的创新发展进行解析及总结。以此作为提升BT项目管理总体水平的借鉴。     

城市轨道交通PPP项目关键成功因素及作用机理研究#br# ——基于国内外典型案例分析

近年来,城市轨道交通PPP项目迎来建设高潮,国外多个失败案例警示：实现项目成功具有一定难度。文章以关键成功因素为切入点,以案例分析为研究着力点,得出以下研究成果：一是通过文献综述和案例研究识别33个成功影响因素;二是采用问卷调查的方式收集数据,应用SPSS统计软件确定31个关键成功因素;三是运用解释结构模型分析关键成功因素对城市轨道交通PPP项目的作用机理,将关键成功因素进行了层次划分。根据研究结果,并借鉴国内外典型案例经验,从国家层面、政府层面和社会资本方三个维度提出建议与对策。研究结论以期为城市轨道交通PPP项目管理工作提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

Developing a risk assessment model for PPP projects in China — A fuzzy synthetic evaluation approach

Earlier research works on PPP showed that an objective, reliable, and practical risk assessment model for PPP projects is essential to the successful implementation of PPP projects. However, actual empirical research studies in this research area are rather limited. This paper reports the second stage of a funded research study, which aims to develop a fuzzy synthetic evaluation model for assessing the risk level of a particular critical risk group (CRG) and the overall risk level associated with PPP projects in China. At the first research stage, thirty-four risk factors were identified through a comprehensive literature review and 3 new risk factors were proposed during a two-round Delphi questionnaire survey. The most critical 17 risk factors were selected through the calculation of normalized values. The correlation of these 17 critical risk factors (CRFs) was further analyzed via factor analysis and 6 CRGs were formulated, namely: (1) Macroeconomic Risk; (2) Construction and Operation Risk; (3) Government Maturity Risk; (4) Market Environment Risk; (5) Economic Viability Risk; and (6) Government Intervention. On the basis of the research works conducted at the first research stage, the weightings for each of the 17 critical risk factors (CRFs) and 6 CRGs were determined through the two-round Delphi questionnaire survey. A set of knowledge-based fuzzy inference rules was then established to set up the membership function for the 17 CRFs and 6 CRGs. The empirical research findings showed that the overall risk level of PPP highway projects is between “moderate risk” and “high risk”. Hence it could be construed that investment in PPP highway projects in China may be considered as risky. In fact, the Delphi survey respondents perceived that “Government Intervention” is the most CRG; with “Government Maturity Risk” being the second; “Economic Viability Risk” the third; “Market Environment Risk” the fourth; “Construction and Operation Risk” the fifth; and “Macroeconomic Risk” the last. These findings revealed that government intervention and corruption may be the major hurdles to the success of PPP highway projects in China. These may be caused by inadequate law and supervision system and poor public decision-making process. Although the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model was primarily developed for PPP projects in general, the research method could be replicated in a specific type of PPP project, such as water treatment projects and hospital projects, to produce similar models for inter-type comparisons. By doing so, it provides an opportunity for practitioners to assess the risk level of different types of PPP projects based on objective evidence rather than subjective judgment. The most CRG for different types of PPP projects could be identified and both precautionary and remedial actions could be taken as soon as possible. Such an extension would provide a deeper understanding of managing different types of PPP projects.     

不同结局建筑施工项目关键因素实证分析

针对建筑施工项目关键因素定量分析的不足,提出了一个描述不同结局建筑施工项目关键因素的结构方程理论模型。在收集中国多个地方的建筑施工项目样本数据的基础上,利用结构方程模型软件对不同结局建筑施工项目作了检验。研究结果表明:项目和谐合作因素、项目过程管理创新性因素、项目准备因素、风险分担因素、相互了解因素、承诺与激励因素、沟通因素在不同结局的建筑施工项目中的影响显著不同,其中项目和谐合作对成功建筑施工项目有最重要的影响,而承诺与激励则在非成功建筑施工项目中有最大的影响。根据中国多地的建筑施工项目样本数据,证明研究结论具有较高的精度,可推广应用于建筑施工项目管理。     

Factors considered by successful and profitable contractors in mark-up size decision in Singapore

Identifying the optimum mark-up for a project increases the chance of winning the tender. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors considered by more successful and profitable contractors in mark-up size decision. From the literature, 52 factors that may affect mark-up were identified.A postal survey was conducted to whether contractors felt that the factors are important in determining mark-ups. The questionnaire requested respondents to indicate on a five-point scale the importance of various factors. They were also asked the usual profitability level in their successful projects and their success rates in tendering. Data were collected via mailed questionnaire.Twenty-one of the 52 factors were found to be important. Of these, factors relating to client characteristics (payment record, size and type of client) are the most significant. Contractors who are profitable and successful would place more emphasis on factors that affect schedule-cost-quality of the project. It is recommended that contractors who are less profitable and successful take note of these findings.     

Critical parameters influencing value for money variations in PFI projects in the healthcare and transport sectors

Achieving good value for money (VFM) is the principal objective of any private finance initiative (PFI) project while sustaining it throughout the contract life is the greatest challenge. Empirical evidence is required to understand uncertainties surrounding VFM of PFI before finding effective ways to improve it. Variations in costs, time and client requirements are explored, between successive review stages of PFI projects from the strategic business case stage through to the operational phase. The magnitudes of these variations are established and critical parameters that influence them are identified. The research methods include a documentary analysis of the full business cases of five PFI projects and a questionnaire survey of 44 PFI projects from the healthcare and transport sectors in the UK. The findings reveal that the current VFM assessment of PFI projects is often carried out under conditions of considerable uncertainty with frequent changes in costs, timescales and client requirements. The list of critical parameters can help practitioners to identify priority areas and achieve a long-lasting VFM. The study broadens the understanding of whole life aspects of VFM of PFI projects and the interactivity of project parameters at different stages.     

Identifying and assessing the critical risk factors in an underground rail project in Thailand: a factor analysis approach

Large and complex infrastructure projects involve various risk factors and the successful implementation of such projects depends on effective management of the key risk factors. This paper reviews the literature to identify essential risk variables associated with infrastructure projects. Based on these risk variables, a survey is conducted to isolate and assess the critical risk factors for a mass rapid-transit underground rail project (Chaloem Ratchamongkhon Line), Thailand. Responses obtained within the project organisation are evaluated using principal component analysis to understand the latent structure of the critical risk factors. The variables within the factors are tested to confirm the reliability and validity of the constructs. Finally, nine critical factors with 35 items are extracted after four iterations. Critical risk factors obtained through the factor analysis are assessed to gain better understanding of their importance and impact on project management. The research findings are supported by the perceptions of the senior management within the project organisation, which are also discussed in the paper.     

我国成功PPP 项目特征分析:基于多案例的研究

为从已实施的成功 PPP 项目中总结经验,通过文献调研和专家访谈建立了 PPP 项目成功标准清单,收集了财政部PPP 中心的 40 个国家示范项目,根据成功标准清单对这些项目进行筛选,从中识别出 29 个成功 PPP 项目作为案例进行深入分析,得到了成功 PPP 项目的 6 个共性特征,即强大的社会资本、合理的风险分担机制、竞争透明的采购程序、合理的定价机制、有力的政府支持、有效的政府监管,据此对 PPP 的推广和 PPP 项目的实施提出了建议。     

What attributes should a project coordinator possess?

Construction projects are increasingly multidisciplinary and the role of a project coordinator has become critical for success. A clear differentiation is drawn between the roles of a project manager and a project coordinator, and the attributes required in a successful project coordinator are defined. A total of 24 such attributes were identified through a survey of available literature and personal interviews with top construction professionals based in India. A ranking has also been assigned to these attributes on the basis of a questionnaire survey. Statistical analyses of responses indicated a distinct difference between the attributes possessed by the project coordinators in projects that were considered successful, and those that were considered failures. Project coordinators of successful projects were found to excel in certain important attributes such as relationship with client, consultant and contractor; timeliness; technical knowledge of the subject; belief in team playing spirit; and coordination for achieving quality compared to their counterparts in projects which were regarded as failures. Interestingly, the required attributes remained the same for project coordinators whether they worked for the contracting agency or the owner's organisation. Factor analysis was used to group the 24 attributes into three major skills categories: team building skills; contract implementation skills; and project organisation skills. These findings will be useful to practitioners during the recruitment of project coordinators.