氢对X80钢在土壤模拟溶液中电化学行为的影响

在不同的充氢电流密度和充氢时间下对X80钢进行电化学充氢。测量了不同充氢条件下X80钢在鹰潭土壤模拟溶液中的极化电阻和腐蚀速率。结果表明,随着充氢电流密度由1 mA/cm2增加至20 mA/cm2,X80钢的自腐蚀电位负移,电荷转移电阻Rt由1 176 Ω·cm2降至909 Ω·cm2,双电层电容由0.000 16 μF/cm2增加至0.001 7 μF/cm2,腐蚀电流密度从3.322 mA/cm2 增加至 6.880 mA/cm2。当充氢时间由1 h增加至5 h,电荷转移电阻Rt由1 522 Ω·cm2降至749 Ω·cm2,双电层电容由0.000 14 μF/cm2增加至0.00 75 μF/cm2,腐蚀电流密度从2.91 mA/cm2 增加至5.01 mA/cm2。以上表明,电化学充氢使X80钢表面的薄弱点的阳极溶解率和金属离子的浓度高增加。氢加速阳极溶解,最终的结果是发生较高的腐蚀敏感性。     

等离子氮化保温时间对S45C钢疲劳性能的影响

温度500°C,气压400Pa,N2与H2比例为40%：60%的混合气体中,采用3组不同的处理时间（8小时,20小时,48小时）分别对S45C钢试件表面进行等离子氮化,研究保温时间对S45C性能的影响。利用光学显微镜、维氏硬度计、X射线衍射技术、回转弯曲疲劳试验机、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱分析方法对S45C等离子氮化后的微观组织、硬度、氮化层、残余应力、疲劳性能和断裂特征进行分析。结果表明,3组工艺分别在S45C钢表面获得6 μm,8 μm,12 μm深的氮化层。表面硬度由初始230 HV均提高到620 HV以上。表面残余压应力均提高到约-120MPa。氮化物为单一γ–Fe4N相。48小时等离子氮化后,S45C钢疲劳强度约为未处理试样的3倍。根据村上公式计算“鱼眼”裂纹应力强度因子,可得其近似为3.6 MPa•m1/2。内部裂纹一般由渗透层和基材分界处的夹杂处萌生,夹杂成分为氧化钙、氧化铝和硫化镁等。     

板厚和组织对Q355B热轧板冷弯变形加工开裂的影响

对厚度20,42 mm的热轧Q355B钢板进行冷弯变形加工实验,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散谱仪(EDS)和ASPEX扫描电镜对Q355B热轧板开裂试样的宏微观形貌、组织结构及非金属夹杂物特征进行表征分析,对照GB/T 34474—2017《钢中带状组织的评定》B系列标准,对铁素体(F)、珠光体(P)带状组织进行评级界定,研究板厚和组织结构对Q355B热轧板冷弯变形加工开裂的影响。结果表明：在冷弯变形加工过程中,厚20 mm热轧板下表面开裂,主要是沿轧向分布大于3.5级的F和P带状组织造成的;厚42 mm的热轧板沿轧厚方向几乎完全开裂,这是由于钢板表面断口附近组织主要由贝氏体(B)与马奥岛(M–A)组成,下表面在冷弯过程中承受较大的拉应力,在强拉应力与表面硬组织的共同作用下产生应力集中所致;Q355B钢板厚度方向不同截面组织主要为级别大于3.5的F+P带状组织及B和M–A等硬相,组织特征是钢板冷弯变形加工过程中开裂的内因,尺寸较大的非金属夹杂物是开裂的诱因。     

LD-BAr-CC工艺生产低碳铝镇静钢纯净度研究

研究武汉钢铁股份有限公司炼钢总厂四分厂LD-BAr-CC工艺条件下生产的低碳铝镇静钢的纯净度,分析各工艺阶段钢中显微夹杂、大型夹杂以及全氧、氮含量的变化情况。结果表明,在该厂现行工艺条件下,采用吹氩工艺可明显降低钢中夹杂物含量和全氧含量,全氧含量从精炼前的109.30×10-6降至30.75×10-6。各工序中钢的显微夹杂物主要为Al2O3和SiO2,这是脱氧产物和钢液二次氧化产物在钢中的残留物;大型夹杂物主要是Al2O3、SiO2以及硅铝酸盐等复合夹杂,与浮渣的卷入有很大关系。     

改善Q420B铁塔角钢缺陷的冶炼制备工艺研究

通过扫描电镜和能谱分析,对Q420B铁塔角钢成品中出现的裂纹和表面凹坑缺陷进行研究.研究发现,此类缺陷与钢中含有的夹杂物有关,以硅酸盐类夹杂物为主.钢中的硅酸盐夹杂物,主要是由于浇注过程中液面波动导致保护渣卷入钢中而产生.为了改善角钢的裂纹和表面凹坑缺陷,提出优化措施:将保护渣黏度由0.626 Pa·s降低至0.450...     

脱氧工艺对低合金高强度钢中夹杂物的影响

通过中小转炉工业化试验,对比研究了分别以Si-Ca-Ba合金和钛线为脱氧剂的两种不同脱氧方式对低合金高强度钢中夹杂物的影响.采用氧氮分析仪、金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析对钢中全氧含量和夹杂物进行了分析.结果表明,使用Ti脱氧工艺后,显著降低了钢中全氧含量,提高了钢的洁净度.轧材中尺寸小于5μm的复合夹杂物数目多,夹杂物呈细小弥散分布,大部分夹杂物为含MnS的球形复合夹杂.钛脱氧产物对钢中的硫化物夹杂有明显的弥散作用,显著降低了硫化物、硅酸盐类夹杂的评级.     

SWRH82B盘条夹杂物在拉拔过程中变形行为研究

研究了SWRH82B盘条在各道次拉拔过程中夹杂物的变形行为,并分析了盘条中夹杂物的组成和含量.实验结果表明,当钢中脆性夹杂物尺寸较小时(≤20μm),脆性夹杂物对拉拔断裂影响不大.     

大热输入焊接用钢冶炼过程Mg-Al-Ti类夹杂物的演变规律

针对国内某钢厂生产的大热输入焊接用钢,对其精炼(钢包炉精炼、钢液真空循环脱气)及连铸工序节点钢液取样,采用ASPEX及JSM-6510LV型扫描电镜研究大热输入焊接用钢中Mg-Al-Ti类夹杂物的数量、尺寸、成分和类型的演变规律。结果表明:钢包炉精炼过程钢液夹杂物中Al_2O_3含量下降,MgO含量上升,夹杂物类型由硅锰氧化物转变为Mg-Al-Ti类复合夹杂;钢包炉精炼加Ca后,夹杂物中Al_2O_3含量上升,MgO含量下降;钢液真空循环脱气至连铸过程夹杂物类型无明显变化,夹杂物中Al_2O_3和MgO含量变化不大,CaO与CaS含量上升;连铸样中粒径在0.5～5μm的夹杂物占95%以上,夹杂物主要以Mg-Al-Ti类复合夹杂的形式存在。     

稀土铈镁复合变质剂对SS400钢中夹杂物的影响

在实验和检验分析的基础上,以稀土铈、镁为微合金元素,加入到SS400钢中,探讨了变质处理对SS400钢中夹杂物的影响,对不同稀土铈、镁含量的SS400钢中夹杂物形态、分布和夹杂物等级情况进行对比研究.结果表明,稀土铈、镁可以使钢中夹杂物变质、细化并弥散分布.     

碳含量对帘线钢凝固析出TiN夹杂的影响

对含碳量（质量分数）分别为0．72％、0．82％和0．95％的帘线钢凝固析出TiN夹杂进行热力学研究,结果表明：碳含量对于不同强度级别的帘线钢中TiN夹杂的析出有着明显的影响．随着帘线钢碳含量增加,凝固前沿温度逐渐降低,析出TiN夹杂所需的氮钛活度积也逐渐下降．在相同的钢液初始Ti、N含量条件下,较高碳含量的帘线钢中析出的TiN夹杂尺寸会大于较低碳含量帘线钢中析出的TiN夹杂尺寸．为了控制超高强度级别的过共析帘线钢中TiN夹杂的析出对帘线钢加工性能的有害影响,必须通过冶炼工艺进一步降低钢液中的钛、氮含量．     

高温超低碳IF钢在轧制过程中的氧化实验研究

在实际生产过程中,由于生成的氧化铁皮未能彻底清除,超低碳IF钢表面极易存在“丝斑缺陷”,严重影响了其表面性能。本文通过热重实验对超低碳IF钢在轧制过程中空气气氛下的氧化特性进行了实验研究,研究结果表明：超低碳IF钢的氧化程度与温度呈指数关系,且IF钢的氧化反应对温度的敏感性很高。在实验中,超低碳IF钢在炉温868℃,977℃,1087℃和1200℃,钢温868.4℃、976.9℃、1087.4℃、1199.5℃下,单位面积氧化增重分别为24.46 mg/cm2,108 mg/cm2,220 mg/cm2和355mg/cm2。通过对4种不同温度下氧化层的形貌和成分进行分析,发现钢温为868.4℃下氧化层表现出参差不齐的内外表面,界面处粗糙,且氧化层内部无孔隙。钢温为976.9℃时氧化层内部出现孔隙,氧化层与钢基体结合较紧密。钢温为1087.4℃时氧化层表面平整,氧化层内部未出现孔隙,但钢基体表面出现明显氧化情况。钢温为1199.5℃时氧化层内外表面平整,氧化层致密,内部未出现孔隙。氧化层的成分主要为FeO,Fe2O3和Fe3O4较小。     

Cyclic oxidation behavior of Fe-9Cr-1Mo steel in water vapor atmosphere

The cyclic oxidation behavior of Fe-9Cr-1Mo steel (9Cr-1Mo) in 10%H₂O+90%Ar (volume fraction) atmosphere at 600, 650 and 700 for °C various time was studied. The oxidation mechanism of 9Cr-1Mo steel in 10%H₂O+90%Ar atmosphere was discussed. The thermal stress was evaluated in two oxide layers to illustrate the spallation of the oxide layer. The experimental results indicate that there exists a duplex oxide scale with an outer layer of Fe₂O₃ and an inner layer of mixed (Fe, Cr)₃O₄ formed on 9Cr-1Mo steel during cyclic oxidation. Some cracks generated in both inner and outer oxide layers. Parts of oxide scales spalled from substrate during the cyclic oxidation. A higher tensile stress in the oxide layer is formed at the early oxidation stage than at the later oxidation stage during heating. This tensile stress results in the formation of cracks in the oxide layer. Foundation item: Project(2006–8) supported by the Huadian International Corporation Limited     

Behavior of Non-metallic Inclusions in Centrifugal Induction Electroslag Castings

In order to know the behavior of non-metallic inclusions in centrifugal induction electroslag castings (CIESC), non-metallic inclusions in 5CrMnMo and 4Cr5MoSiV1 were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The largest size of inclusions in the casting and the thermodynamic possibility of TiN precipitation in steel were also calculated. The results show that sulfide inclusions are evenly distributed and the content is low. The amount of oxide inclusions in CIESC 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel is close to the ESR steel and lower than that in the EAF steel, and there are some differences along radial direction. Nitride inclusions are fine and the diameter of the largest one is 3-4 μm. With the increase of the centrifugal machine's rotational speed, the ratio of round inclusions increases and the ratio of sharp inclusions decreases. According to the experiment and the calculation results, it is pointed out that the largest diameter of non-metallic inclusions in the CIESC 4Cr5MoSiV1 casting is only 6.6 μm, and [N%][Ti%] in 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel should be controlled less than 4.4× 10-5 in order to further reduce the amount and size of TiN inclusions.     

Effect of austenitizing temperature on microstructure in 16Mn steel treated by cerium

The change of inclusions and microstructure of 16Mn steel treated by Ce were observed,and the effect of austenitizing temperature on the microstructure was also examined.The results show that the inclusions are transformed from Si-Mn-Al composite oxide and MnS into AlCeO3,Ce2O2S,and MnS composite inclusions after being treated by Ce.Plenty of intragranular ferrites are formed in 16Mn steel conraining ～0.017wt％ Ce.A large amount of intragranular acicular ferrites are formed after being austenitized for 20 min at 1473 K.The prior austenite grain size fit for the formation of intragranular acicular ferrites is about 120 μm.     

非金属夹杂物影响下SCM-420钢的失效行为

为了研究非金属夹杂物对钢内部显微组织形态的影响,利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计和扫描电镜EDS能谱仪对SCM-420机械结构用钢内部的夹杂物形貌、基体微观组织、失效断口进行了观察分析.研究结果表明：夹杂物主要为点状的氧化物-硅酸盐混合型、块状的氧化物型和条状的硅酸盐型;夹杂物的周围存在脱碳层,其显微组织为单相的铁素体;夹杂物与基体生成了类共晶组织;微裂纹以夹杂物和脱碳层为通道,导致SCM-420机械结构用钢的脆性断裂.     

Effects of CeO2 coating on oxidation behavior of T91 steel in water vapor

Oxidation behaviors of blank and CeO2 coated T91 steel were investigated at 600 °C in water vapor for up to 150 h.Gold marker was used to define the mass transport direction.The oxide scales were studied with X-ray diffractometry (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA).The oxidation resistance of the steel is improved by CeO2 coating,though the improvement is not remarkable.Ce-rich oxide band is located at the interface of the inner equiaxed layer and the outer colum...     

结晶器内钢液流速对IF钢宽板坯表层夹杂物分布的影响

对BOF-RH—CC生产Ti-IF钢宽板坯的表层夹杂物进行研究。采用非水溶液电解法从钢中分离夹杂物,并用SEM／EDS分别对其形貌和成分进行检测,获得典型夹杂物的分布规律。通过测定钢坯不同部位的枝晶偏角,计算结晶器中钢液的流速,并用软件进行模拟比较。结果表明,实际最大流速为模拟结果的1．93倍,边缘部位钢液流速与模拟的结果基本符合;随着钢液流速的下降,铸坯表层夹杂物平均直径增大了9．5％。     

High Temperature Wear Characteristics of a New Hot Work Die Steel CH95

High temperature wear characteristics of a new hot work die steel CH95 doped with a small amount of rare earth （ Re ） and boron （ B ） have been investigated and compared with those of conventional die steel H11 at a series of temperatures and loads. Worn surfaces of CH95 steel and H11 steel were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope. It is found that high temperature mechanical properties of CH95 steel are much better than those of H11 steel. The oxide layer formed on the worn surface plays an important role in wear resistance at high temperature. When the load is less than 63 N, the surface oxide layer keeps integrated and the effect of load on high temperature wear is small. When the load is higher than 63 N, the supporting ability of matrix to the oxide layer decreases with the increase of load, which results in an increase of wear rate. Compared with H11 steel, the wear resistance of CH95 steel is much better and the worn surface of CH95 steel is smoother. It is easier for CH95 steel to form a compact and integrated surface oxide layer at high temperature than for Hll steel, which protects the worn surface and reduces wear.     

Inclusion variations and calcium treatment optimization in pipeline steel production

SiCa line and SiCaBaFe alloy were injected into liquid pipeline steel at the end of LF refining as calcium treatment,and samples were taken from the ladles,mould,and slabs.Analysis of Ca content and inclusions shows that Ca content in steel decreases obviously in the following process after calcium treatment; the compositions,morphology,and sizes of inclusions also vary much in the production; primary inclusions in the ladles prior to calcium treatment are mainly Al2O3 inclusions,but they turn to fine irregular CaS-CaO-Al2O3 compound inclusions after the treatment,then become fine globular CaO-Al2O3 inclusions in the mould,and finally change to a few larger irregular CaS-CaO-Al2O3 complex inclusions in the slabs.Thermodynamic study reveals that inclusion variations are related with the preferential reactions among Ca,Al2O3,and S and the precipitation of S in CaO-Al2O3 inclusions with high sulfur capacity.New evaluation standards for calcium treatment in high-grade pipeline steel were put forward according to the inclusion variations and requirements of pipeline steel on inclusion controlling,and the calcium process was studied and optimized.     

车轮钢大型夹杂形成机理研究

通过冷态试验,提出车轮钢中大型夹杂物的形成机理,一是浇注前期钢水从直孔型模底砖冲入模内后,会在中心液面上形成峰涌现象,将浮在液面上的大型夹杂物推向钢锭四周的凝固前沿,造成钢锭四周大型夹杂物富集带。另一是浇注后期,钢锭液面由于散热温度降低,钢水会依托浮在液面的大型夹杂物进行非均质形核、凝固,当包裹着大型夹杂物的凝固层达到一定的体积后,其比重大于钢水的比重时,就会沉入锭底,形成沉积锥大型夹杂物分布带。本文根据大型夹杂物形成机理,在生产中采取了相应的改进措施,使夹杂废品率由５．０７％降到２．０５％,下降了５０．６９％。