基于FPGA和SDR Sdram的LED显示

针对主控制板上存储器(SRAM)存储的数据量小和最高频率低的情况,提出了基于SDR Sdram(同步动态RAM)作为主存储器的LED显示系统的研究.在实验中,使用了现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)来实现各模块的逻辑功能.最终实现了对LED显示屏的控制,并且一块主控制板最大限度的控制了256X128个像素点,基于相同条件,比静态内存控制的面积大了一倍,验证了动态内存核[7]的实用性.     

Enhanced pipelined architecture of H.264/AVC intra prediction

This paper presents a high-performance encoder for H.264/AVC intra prediction. Due to long data dependency loop of intra 4×4 prediction and complex algorithms, improving encoding speed turns into a stumbling block we have to face. To solve this problem, we first propose a pipelined method in and between macro blocks with new block processing order to accelerate the encoding speed. Benefiting from the pipelined method, reconstructed pixels of up-right blocks are available for two blocks in a macro block which could not take advantage of reconstructed pixels of up-right blocks in JM. So diagonal down left mode and vertical left mode are effective for these two blocks, which ultimately achieves a better bit-rate. Secondly, all 4×4 mode formula sharing method is proposed to reduce the redundancy of predicting formulas. Thirdly, streamlined reconstruction method is applied to improve the performance of reconstruction. CAVLC encoder with three parallel units is proposed to improve entropy coding speed significantly. As a result, it takes 268 cycles to encode a macro block. The experimental results indicate that synthesized into a 0.18 µm CMOS cell library, the new architecture only requires about 238K gates and it is able to encode 1080pHD video sequences at 30 frames per second (fps), at the operating frequency of 56 MHz.     

A Fast Spatial-domain Terahertz Imaging Using Block-based Compressed Sensing

A fast imaging method for a spatial-domain terahertz imaging system based on compressed sensing is proposed. Observing that the correlation between image pixels is localized, the image reconstruction in compressed sensing is performed on a block basis, resulting in a reduced computational load with no degradation in image quality. By applying the proposed method to a conventional spatial-domain terahertz imaging system, it was verified that a 128 × 128 image reconstructed using 30% measurements has the equivalent quality to that done using full measurements. The proposed method requires no additional hardware, and provides a general solution to fast spatial-domain terahertz imaging.     

基于线预测及变换的帧内编码方法

提出一种以线为单位进行帧内预测编码的新方法,从预测及变换两方面提高帧内编码的性能。首先在宏块内部以水平或垂直方向的线为单位,分别参考相邻的行或列像素进行多个方向的帧内预测,减少了预测像素与参考像素间的距离,从而提高预测精度;其次,在原有的4×4离散余弦变换（DCT）基础上补充了1×16的一维DCT,并以宏块为基本单位灵...     

一种高性能红外焦平面阵列读出电路

提出了一种快闪式红外焦平面阵列读出电路。采用改进的直接注入型单元电路,积分电容大小可选,能适应大范围的光背景条件,并且增加了图像变换(倒置/反转)功能。一款128×128阵列的读出电路已经基于标准0.5μmCMOS工艺实现,整体芯片的面积为8.0mm×8.5mm。实测结果表明,此读出电路具有良好的光电转换能力,同时具有功耗低、输出摆幅大、动态范围大等优点。     

Cost-efficient HEVC-based quadtree splitting (HEQUS) for VVC Video Transcoding

The release of the latest video coding standard, known as Versatile Video Coding (VVC), has created the need to convert current High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) content to this new standard. However, the traditional cascade transcoding pipeline is not effective due to the exorbitant computational complexity of VVC. With this in mind, this paper proposes a fast HEVC-VVC transcoder that implements a probabilistic classifier based on Naïve-Bayes at the first partitioning level (128 × 128 pixels). This model uses features extracted from the 128 × 128 size blocks of the residual and reconstructed frames in the HEVC bitstream, and their correlation with the block partitioning structure. For the subsequent VVC coding depth levels, partitioning decisions are derived from the HEVC structure. The results achieve a 57.08% transcoding time reduction with a BD-rate penalty of 2.40%, compared with a traditional transcoding approach for the random access encoding configuration.     

Assessment of the Performance of Staring Infrared Imaging Array Based on Microscanning Modes

Staring infrared detector arrays, which sample a scene with pixels of finite size, generate images that are affected by aliasing and blurring caused by the sampling process. One potential method to reduce the effects of sampling is microscanning. In this paper, the sampling-averaging modulation transfer function at half the detector spatial cutoff frequency is introduced to be as a figure of merit to quantitatively assess microscanning image quality for selected cases of fill factor. Analytical results show that microscanning process can significantly reduce aliasing in the reconstructed image, and that the improvement of different modes of microscanning process to the reconstructed image quality is different, which is closely associated with fill factor. The microscan sampling and restoration imagery are also simulated with pixel interpolation method to qualitatively verify the reduction in aliasing with respect to typical microscanning mode (2×2, 3×3, 4×4 microscan) for the detector array of 100% and 50% fill factor respectively. And, the determining method of the optimum step number of microscanning needed is discussed for the staring imaging array with certain fill factor.     

基于块参考像素特征的快速帧内预测模式选择新算法

帧内预测是H.264采用的一种编码新技术。与以前的编码标准相比,H.264编码性能有了很大的提高,但同时编码复杂度和计算量也明显增加。该文研究了提高H.264编码速度的途径,着重分析了帧内预测模式快速选择的问题。经过分析发现,4×4亮度块的参考像素亮度值通常具有相似性,对应地,4×4亮度块的9种预测模式所得的预测结果也是相近的。根据4×4亮度块参考像素的这一特征,该文提出了一种基于4×4亮度块参考像素特征的快速帧内预测模式选择算法。实验结果说明了该文算法的有效性,与H.264编码器JM92相比,该算法的计算量减少了46%,而编码质量、PSNR和输出码率保持基本不变。     

Molecular beam epitaxial growth and performance of HgCdTe-based simultaneous-mode two-color detectors

Molecular beam epitaxy was employed for the growth of HgCdTe-based n-p⁺-n device structures on (211)B oriented CdZnTe substrates. The device structures were processed as mesa isolated diodes, and operated as back-to-back diodes for the simultaneous detection of two closely spaced sub-bands in the mid-wave infrared spectrum. The devices were characterized by R₀A values in excess of 5 × 10⁵ Ω cm² at 78K, at f/2 fov and quantum efficiencies greater than 70% in each band. Infrared imagery from a focal plane array with 128 × 128 pixels was acquired simultaneously from each band at temperatures between 77 to 180K, with no observable degradation in the image quality with increase in temperature.     

高速运动目标的运动模糊图像复原研究

对单一图像进行运动模糊复原,存在模糊点扩散函数（PSF）难以估计以及图像反卷积的病态性问题。利用多个PSF具有联合可逆性的特点,针对运动目标观测,提出采用参数相同的多个成像设备共同对同一视场进行拍摄,来获取背景相同、曝光时间不同、目标模糊程度不同的观测图像;然后利用同一设备获取的序列图像进行目标的模糊PSF估计;并根据目标背景的运动模糊叠加特征,分别从观测图像中提取出完整的模糊目标图像;最后,对这些具有不同PSF的同一目标图像进行空间域迭代复原算式的联立求解。实验表明:该方法设计的目标获取装置对硬件条件要求较低,获取的图像更便于采用多点扩散函数联合进行图像复原,复原效果良好。     

A Low Power Analog CMOS Vision Chip for Edge Detection Using Electronic Switches

An analog CMOS vision chip for edge detection with power consumption below 20 mW was designed by adopting electronic switches. An electronic switch separates the edge detection circuit into two parts: one is a logarithmic compression photocircuit, and the other is a signal processing circuit for edge detection. The electronic switch controls the connection between the two circuits. When the electronic switch is off, it can intercept the current flow through the signal processing circuit and restrict the magnitude of the current flow below several hundred nA. The estimated power consumption of the chip, with 128 × 128 pixels, was below 20 mW. The vision chip was designed using 0.25 µm 1‐poly 5‐metal standard full custom CMOS process technology.     

A high-speed CMOS image sensor with a 11-bit column-parallel A/D converter

This article presents a high-speed, high-linearity 400 × 320 pixel CMOS image sensor with column parallel ADC. The pixel readout circuit is integrated in the 320 columns at one side of the pixel array and all columns consume 16 mW power provided from the 2.5 V power supply. A technique for accelerating conversion speed using two step single slope structure is developed. This new method has more advantages than conventional ramp ADC from viewpoint of speed and resolution. A prototype 11-bit ADC is implemented in 0.25 μm CMOS technology. Moreover, an overall SNR of 63.8 dB can be achieved at 0.5 Msample/s. The power dissipation of all 320 column-parallel ADCs with the peripheral circuits consumes 76 mW.     

面阵CMOS图像传感器性能测试及图像处理

CMOS图像传感器具有驱动简单、单电源供电、集成度高、功耗低、抗辐射能力强等优点。但是在航天光学遥感领域,CMOS图像传感器应用还不普遍。在该领域亟需大规模、高读出速度、大动态范围的图像传感器,CMOS图像传感器LUPA4000正是这样一款高性能面阵图像传感器,因此,选择LUPA4000作为研究对象,对其缺陷像元、光响应非均匀性、信噪比等性能指标进行测试。测试结果表明存在缺陷像元数量多、光响应非均匀性较大、信噪比较低等问题。根据测试结果采用暗背景扣除、缺陷像元替换、非均匀校正三种方法进行图像处理。对每种方法单独处理和各种方法组合处理的处理效果从图像信噪比和成像图像质量两方面进行分析评估,结果表明:非均匀校正联合缺陷像元替换的处理方法处理效果最佳。     

An efficient macroblock-based diverse and flexible prediction modes selection for hyperspectral images coding

In this paper, an efficient macroblock-based diverse and flexible prediction modes selection algorithm is proposed for coding hyperspectral images, which is inspired by the prediction scheme of H264/AVC. Here, different modes are specified for the corresponding macroblocks (16×16 pixel regions of a band) of hyperspectral images other than the whole band image using only one reference band image for prediction. Only the 4×4 mode is employed for the intra-band prediction in view of the fact that correlation coefficients of pixels separated by not more than four pixels in the spatial domain are greater than 0.65 at most cases. The optimal reference band is determined by the fast reference band selection algorithm; thereafter, the best partition of the candidate macroblock in the optimal reference band is further selected for inter-band prediction of the current macroblock. Thus, the stronger correlation in the spectral direction or in the spatial domain is utilized for the prediction of the given macroblock. With a comparably low memory requirement, the prediction coding scheme is proposed to speed up the implemental process using the fast reference band selection algorithm, the integer DCT and the quantization, which just needs the multiplication and bit-shifts operations. Several AVIRIS images are used to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. The proposed scheme outperforms the state-of-the-art 3D-based compression algorithms at lower rates. Moreover, compared with the method by using all the prediction modes of H.264/AVC, about 80% encoding time can be saved by our method under the same experimental condition.     

Implicit Line-Based Intra 16×16 Prediction for H.264/AVC High-Quality Video Coding

In this paper, we propose an implicit line-based linear intra 16×16 prediction method for high-quality video coding. Typically, in H.264/AVC intra 16×16 vertical and horizontal prediction modes, 256 pixels in the current macroblock are predicted using 16 adjacent boundary pixels of reconstructed neighboring macroblocks. One problem of such a block-based intra prediction is that the prediction error increases as the distance between the reference and current pixels increases. Thus, the prediction accuracy of intra 16×16 vertical and horizontal modes is not sufficient for the mode decision stage. To ensure that the pixels are close to their predictor, we propose a new implicit intra prediction scheme, which makes full use of the correlation between lines instead of blocks. In the proposed method, we perform prediction, transformation, quantization, and reconstruction using the line-of-pixels (LOP) to improve the prediction accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides an approximately 6.42?% bit-rate reduction compared to the H.264/AVC FRExt high profile, while maintaining the same decoding quality.     

一种改进的红外弱小目标快速检测方法

针对复杂背景下红外弱小目标检测率低、目标跟踪困难的问题,提出一种改进的红外弱小目标快速检测方法。该方法采用改进的形态学滤波抑制背景噪声,对处理后的多帧图像进行方差估计初步突出目标像素,然后对其进行信噪比估计得到整个图像序列像素得分,图像中像素信噪比高的被标记为目标像素,再对标记过的图像进行分块分析,最终准确提取出连续图像序列中的目标像素。检测出的目标像素作为Hough变换的目标跟踪算法的输入,设置双阈值实现目标的有效跟踪。实验结果表明,在复杂背景下的红外弱小目标提取中,基于噪声方差估计的目标检测拥有较高的检测概率和较低的虚警概率,将其获得的目标像素作为Hough变换的输入,不仅可以有效跟踪目标,而且简化了算法的复杂度,实现目标的快速提取和跟踪,具有很高的应用价值。     

一种适用于目标快速定位和图像输出的有源图像传感器设计

提出了一种适用于目标快速定位和图像输出的有源图像传感器(Active Pixel Sensor,APS)的设计方案。与传统的图像传感器不同,这种传感器可以根据目标信号的位置进行区域图像输出,从而实现目标的快速定位和图像输出。阐述了这种传感器的区域划分原则和区域图像输出控制方法。通过设计和仿真测试一个48×48的面阵,验证了这种传感器的目标快速定位能力。测试结果表明,这种传感器的帧频比传统的传感器高4倍以上。     

Spectral efficiency improvement with SISO and SIMO in M‐QAM over millimeter‐wave links

This paper proposes a spectral efficiency improvement technique for millimeter wave (mmWave) links. The proposed technique provides an efficient utilization of the mmWave link capacity. This technique is applied in three cases the single‐input single‐output (SISO), single‐input multiple‐output (SIMO) with the maximal ratio combining and with the equal gain combining. The M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation scheme is used in our work. The power series expansion is used for deriving closed‐form expressions for bit error rate (BER) performances in all studied cases. The BER closed‐form expressions are confirmed by the numerical solution of the integral equations. The simulation results show that a high spectral efficiency can be accomplished by the proposed technique. As well as the derived expressions closely match with the numerical solution of integration expressions at different values of modulations order the Rician factor. For instance, the spectral efficiency gain achievement is 8 at signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) equals 34 dB in the case of SISO system whereas in the case of SIMO system, the same gain is achieved at SNR equals 24 dB. As well as the BER performance is enhanced from 1.188 × 10^?4, 7.112 × 10^?4, 4.164 × 10^?3, and 3.286 × 10^?2 to 8.717 × 10^?16, 1.119 × 10^?12, 1.308 × 10^?9, and 4.905 × 10^?6 for M = 4, 16, 64, and 256, respectively, at SNR equals 30 dB.     

ITO薄膜的制备及其光电特性研究

采用直流磁控溅射法,分别用ITO陶瓷靶、In-Sn合金靶,在玻璃基片上镀膜。研究ITO透明导电膜其膜厚、靶材、溅射气压和溅射速率等工艺对光电特性的影响。结果表明,采用陶瓷靶镀膜要比合金靶效果好,膜厚70nm以上、溅射气压0.45Pa和溅射速率23nm/min左右为最佳工艺条件,并得到了ITO薄膜电阻率1.8×10–4Ω.cm、可见光透过率80%以上。     

一种基于小波与遗传算法的小目标检测算法

本文提出了一种快速检测序列图像中低信噪比(＜2)小目标的算法.该算法采用小波滤波器对每帧图像滤波,提高目标的信噪比,剔除部分噪声点,降低了低信噪比小目标检测算法的运算量;设计了基于遗传算法的起始航迹搜索算法,有效地避免航迹的漏检;采用截断序贯似然比检验,形成确认航迹.仿真结果表明应用此算法,可快速实现信噪比小于2的小目标(2×2)的检测与跟踪.