植物源物质——仿生农药的重要资源

植物是新农药开发的重要来源,现有许多农药由植物仿生合成制得,有更多的植物具有农药活性的物质,为新农药开发提供了无限资源。     

植物农药研究与开发进展

综述了植物农药研究与开发的意义和对创制新农药的作用，以及植物农药开发应用的近况、问题和与生物技术相结合的前景。     

植物农药研究与开发进展

综述了植物农药研究与开发的意义和对创制新农药的制作，以及植物农药开发应用的近况，问题和与生物技术相结合的前景。     

植物源农药的现状及发展趋势

植物源农药是绿色农药之一。文章介绍了植物源农药的定义、分类,国内外植物源农药的基本情况,植物源农药的研究现状,分析了我国植物源农药存在的问题;探讨我国植物源农药的发展趋势。     

浅谈植物农药

简述了植物农药资源及几种主要农药植物的开发利用情况。     

浅谈植物农药

阐述了植物农药资源及几种主要农药植物的开发利用情况。     

植物源农药的现状和发展

我国植物资源丰富，《中国有毒植物》一书列入了有毒植物1300余种，其中许多种类具有杀虫、杀菌作用并被作为植物源农药利用。《中国土农药志》共记述植物性农药220种，主要为毛莨科、杜鹃花科、大戢科、茄科、百合科、豆科等有毒植物种类。     

对我国植物源农药研发的思考

本文阐述并讨论了植物源农药研发中的下述几个问题:活性成分的化学结构鉴定是植物源农药研究的基础工作;研究工作的主流在于为新农药创制探索先导化合物;直接用于加工商品农药的植物在国际上趋少的原因及在国内增多的背景和存在的问题;提出了我国的植物源农药研究要刻意创新并加强合作。     

采用植物酯酶测定农药残留的研究

介绍了采用植物酯酶测定几种有机磷农药的方法,改进了显色剂的配方,大大延长了显色剂的有效使用期限。植物酯酶法对部分常用的有机磷农药的检出浓度在10^-4-10^-7(V/V),并对植物酯酶法在测定农药残留应用中需要注意的问题进行了探讨。     

植物源农药研究简况及展望

简述了植物源农药的种类、特点和研究现状,讨论了植物源农药间接利用的主要方式,并对其发展趋势作了展望。     

除草剂代谢研究与新除草剂创制

概述了一些除草剂在植物体内的活化作用及研究除草剂代谢对新除草剂创制的重要性. 除草剂代谢研究与创制新除草剂的前期研究相结合,为新除草剂设计提供了新的思路,可加速新除草剂的开发进程,提高了新除草剂研制的命中率. 此外,论述了基于一些高毒农药代谢特性来改造母体农药的结构,能获得高效、低毒的前体农药.     

植物病害化学防治的新思路

在病原物-寄主的互作关系中,利用和发挥化学药剂抑制病原物的生长、繁殖和侵染以及诱导寄主抗病性的协同作用,控制病害的发生流行,可以为植物病害化学防治的新途径。     

Bio-Efficacy of Chrysoeriol7, a Natural Chemical and Repellent,against Brown Planthopper in Rice

Brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is the most damaging rice pest affecting stable rice yields worldwide. Currently, methods for controlling BPH include breeding a BPH-resistant cultivar and using synthetic pesticides. Nevertheless, the continuous cultivation of resistant cultivars allows for the emergence of various resistant races, and the use of synthetic pesticides can induce environmental pollution as well as the emergence of unpredictable new pest species. As plants cannot migrate to other locations on their own to combat various stresses, the production of secondary metabolites allows plants to protect themselves from stress and tolerate their reproduction. Pesticides using natural products are currently being developed to prevent environmental pollution and ecosystem disturbance caused by synthetic pesticides. In this study, after BPH infection in rice, chrysoeriol7 (C7), a secondary metabolite that induces resistance against BPH, was assessed. After C7 treatment and BPH infection, relative expression levels of the flavonoid-related genes were elevated, suggesting that in plants subjected to BPH, compounds related to flavonoids, among the secondary metabolites, play an important role in inducing resistance. The plant-derived natural compound chrysoeriol7 can potentially thus be used to develop environmentally friendly pesticides. The suggested control of BPH can be effectively used to alleviate concerns regarding environmental pollution and to construct a relatively safe rice breeding environment.     

药用植物中乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂研究进展

众多学者对植物中治疗老年性痴呆的化学成分进行了大量研究,发现了一些具有乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制的活性成分,主要为生物碱、萜、黄酮和香豆素等结构类型的化合物。其中生物碱类乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂如石杉碱甲、加兰他敏等因活性高、选择性强而受到广泛的关注。进一步开展药用植物中乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性成分研究,寻找新作用机制的化合物对发现新的治疗老年性痴呆的药用成分有重要意义。     

The Genetic Basis of Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency in Plants Provide New Insight into Woody Perennial Plants Improvement

Soil nutrient restrictions are the main environmental conditions limiting plant growth, development, yield, and quality. Phosphorus (P), an essential macronutrient, is one of the most significant factors that vastly restrains the growth and development of plants. Although the total P is rich in soil, its bio-available concentration is still unable to meet the requirements of plants. To maintain P homeostasis, plants have developed lots of intricate responsive and acclimatory mechanisms at different levels, which contribute to administering the acquisition of inorganic phosphate (Pi), translocation, remobilization, and recycling of Pi. In recent years, significant advances have been made in the exploration of the utilization of P in annual plants, while the research progress in woody perennial plants is still vague. In the meanwhile, compared to annual plants, relevant reviews about P utilization in woody perennial plants are scarce. Therefore, based on the importance of P in the growth and development of plants, we briefly reviewed the latest advances on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of plants to uphold P homeostasis, P sensing, and signaling, ion transporting and metabolic regulation, and proposed the possible sustainable management strategies to fasten the P cycle in modern agriculture and new directions for future studies.     

风吹楠属植物化学成分及活性研究进展

为了全面了解和综合利用风吹楠属植物,本文对风吹楠属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究进展进行了综述。目前风吹楠属植物研究所涉及的种类仅5种,从中共分离到40个化学成分,包括黄酮、色原酮、木脂素、生物碱、芳基酮等结构类型。活性研究表明,一些化学成分具有明显的细胞毒活性和抗疟疾活性。开展风吹楠属植物的研究,对发现新的药用活性成分及资源保护具有重要的意义。     

Autophagy-Mediated Regulation of Different Meristems in Plants

Autophagy is a highly conserved cell degradation process that widely exists in eukaryotic cells. In plants, autophagy helps maintain cellular homeostasis by degrading and recovering intracellular substances through strict regulatory pathways, thus helping plants respond to a variety of developmental and environmental signals. Autophagy is involved in plant growth and development, including leaf starch degradation, senescence, anthers development, regulation of lipid metabolism, and maintenance of peroxisome mass. More and more studies have shown that autophagy plays a role in stress response and contributes to maintain plant survival. The meristem is the basis for the formation and development of new tissues and organs during the post-embryonic development of plants. The differentiation process of meristems is an extremely complex process, involving a large number of morphological and structural changes, environmental factors, endogenous hormones, and molecular regulatory mechanisms. Recent studies have demonstrated that autophagy relates to meristem development, affecting plant growth and development under stress conditions, especially in shoot and root apical meristem. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about how autophagy regulates different meristems under different stress conditions and possibly provide new insights for future research.     

在SAN、HIPS装置上试生产PS树脂

在苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物和高抗冲聚苯乙烯装置上生产确定质量指标的本体聚苯乙烯(PS)树脂有一定的难度。从实践中总结探索出一套生产B-3、B-4、B-5型PS树脂的主要控制条件,其中B-5型PS树脂的性能和美国685D型PS树脂的性能相当。     

天然气净化厂火炬系统设计研究

天然气净化厂火炬系统的设计与普通炼油厂火炬系统设计有所不同。天然气净化厂中的放空火炬气含硫量高、放空温度低。而且目前中石化所建设的净化厂项目均要求装置轮番检修,即火炬系统不能停工,对设计提出了新的课题和要求。     

Butter from Plants

There is a likelihood of food shortage becoming acute in developing countries and people will have to depend increasingly on plants rather than animals for their dietary requirements. To meet the growing demand of fat which have texture like butter because of the higher percentage of saturated fatty acids, little known or neglected plants could be investigated. The paper reviews the work so far done on such aspect and highlights the plants which could be taken up for systematic plantation.