臭氧与活性炭深度处理微污染原水试验研究

采用"预臭氧氧化 常规处理 GAC/O3-BAC深度处理"工艺针对南方某市微污染原水进行中试研究.结果表明:预臭氧能明显提高浊度、有机物和THMFP的去除效果,在此条件下常规出水浊度平均值＜O.1 NTU,与无预处理相比,CODMn去除率提高17.52%,氯消毒后CHCl3浓度降低86.4%;O3-BAC工艺对有机物、CHCl3的去除效果和吸附寿命均优于GAC工艺,但生物膜的脱落会影响浊度的去除效果;随着炭床厚度增加,GAC滤池中,CODMn呈线性降低,而BAC滤池中,上部500～1 000 mm厚度内,CODMn快速降低并稳定在一定的水平上.     

臭氧-生物活性炭滤池运行及水厂成本变化研究

处理规模10万m3/d的杭州南星水厂是钱塘江水源水厂首座采用臭氧-生物活性炭工艺(O3-BAC)进行深度处理的水厂.通过对O3-BAC处理效果的各影响因素进行生产性研究,确定适宜的余臭氧浓度为0.15～0.25 mg/L,BAC滤池水力负荷可大于设计值10 m3/(m2·h),运行周期设定为10 d左右,加臭氧有助于提高O3-BAC对CODMn的去除效果,同时推断在秋冬季水温较低(7～16℃)的情况下,BAC滤池的生物挂膜时间为运行后101～105 d.原水CODMn＜4.59 mg/L时,采用常规处理即可将出水CODMn控制在2 mg/L以下.实施臭氧预处理和O3-BAC深度处理后,水厂总运行成本增加0.199元/m3.     

湖泊水深度处理工艺的对比试验研究

为解决南方河网地区给水厂常规处理工艺出水中细菌和有机物超标等问题,进行了超滤膜处理滤后水的试验研究,结合O3-BAC工艺生产数据,对比分析两种深度处理工艺的效能.研究表明:O3-BAC工艺出水溶解性总有机碳(DOC)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)和UV254平均值分别为3.76 mg/L、2.51 mg/L和0.053 cm-1;超滤膜工艺出水DOC、CODMn和UV254均值分别为3.95 mg/L、2.85 mg/L和0.071 cm-1.超滤膜工艺出水浊度小于0.1 NTU,粒径＞2 μm的颗粒物为9～17个/mL,对细菌的去除率达到100%;O3-BAC工艺出水平均浊度为0.25 NTU,细菌数和颗粒数较高且波动较大.O3-BAC和超滤膜深度处理工艺分别增加运行成本0.21元/m3和0.187元/m3.     

微污染水源水生物预处理及后续工艺的生化延伸效应除污染研究

许多城市的饮用水水源受到污染 ,采用弹性立体填料的生物接触氧化技术是一种经济高效、运行稳定、便于管理的去除原水中污染物质的生物预处理工艺。在由生物预处理和常规水处理工艺组成的净水系统中 ,应充分利用生物预处理池出水中的生化延伸效应提高其后续沉淀池和砂滤池等的除污染效果 ,即不应对生物预处理池出水再预加氯。对污染程度较高的微污染原水 ,还应对砂滤池出水再进行生物活性炭等深度处理     

嘉兴南郊水厂微污染河网水集成净水处理工艺选择与设计

嘉兴市南郊水厂一期工程设计规模15万m3/d,针对劣V类原水考虑预处理、加强常规处理、深度处理和紧急处理四种措施,具体采用预臭氧-生物预处理-中置式高密度沉淀池-后臭氧-上向流活性炭吸附池-下向流序批反冲洗砂滤池工艺.从调试运行情况看,出水水质达到<生活饮用水卫生标准>(GB 5749-2006),出厂水浊度控制在0.1～0.2NTU.     

深度处理组合工艺在石臼漾水厂中的应用

嘉兴市区域内水体水质常年为Ⅳ～Ⅴ类,枯水期甚至劣于Ⅴ类,针对石臼漾水厂原水氨氮平均0.85 mg/L,CODMn平均6.35 mg/L的情况,通过采用生物预处理、强化常规和O3/O3催化氧化-BAC深度处理等净水技术,使氨氮总去除率＞95%,CODMn总去除率为60%～80%,出水水质达到卫生部<生活饮用水卫生规范>和建设部<城市供水水质标准>(CJ/T 206-2005)规定的要求.     

组合工艺控制有机物及消毒副产物前体物的特性研究

通过XAD-8树脂将水中有机物分成疏水性、亲水性两部分,对传统常规处理工艺(混凝气浮、过滤)和深度处理工艺(臭氧氧化、生物活性炭)出水的DOC,UV254THMFP,HAAFP指标以及疏水、亲水有机物去除率进行了检测分析。结果表明,生物活性炭(BAC)单元工艺能同时去除疏水性和亲水性两种有机物,且两者去除率均为最高。其次去除效果较好的是传统的常规工艺。臭氧工艺具有将天然的疏水性有机物氧化成可生化降解的亲水性小分子有机物的特点,在预臭氧+常规以及O3-BAC组合工艺中,起到了强化去除有机物和消毒副产物前体物的效果。     

臭氧——物活性炭工艺出水pH的变化及机理

针对深圳某臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)深度处理水厂出水pH大幅度下降的现象,通过对O3-BAC工艺前后水样的分析,初步确定了O3-BAC工艺pH下降的变化规律及机理.结果表明,pH下降的原因为:原水的碱度偏低,缓冲能力较弱,在处理过程中,水的酸度增加,造成出水的pH下降.引起水中酸度增加的主要原因为:二氧化碳影响、硝化作用、水中残余有机物和活性炭自身特性等.在主臭氧过程中,二氧化碳、硝化作用、水中残余有机物和活性炭自身性质造成酸度的增加分别占酸度增加量的57%、0、43%、0;在炭滤过程中,分别占13%、15%、67%、5%.     

上向流O3-BAC工艺处理微污染湖泊水研究

以我国华东地区某湖泊水为原水,进行中试规模的上向流臭氧生物活性炭（O3-BAC ）工艺研究,考察该工艺去除水中有机物的能力,以及工艺出水的生物稳定性和化学安全性。研究结果表明：该工艺能有效去除有机物、氨氮和消毒副产物前体物,同时能提高出水的生物稳定性。该工艺出水CODMn 、UV254和DOC的平均值分别为2.31 mg/L、0.034 cm -1和1.76 mg/L ,平均去除率为53.4％、67.3％和65.1％;三卤甲烷,卤乙酸和亚硝胺类副产物生成潜能的平均去除率分别为50.3％,59％和96.6％;AOC平均去除率为54.5％;工艺出水BDOC仅为0.56 mg/L ;且出水未检出BrO3-。因此,O3-BAC工艺适合处理该湖泊水且出水水质安全。     

臭氧—生物活性炭工艺处理高藻引黄水库水

以合溴离子的高藻引黄水库水为处理对象,采用预臭氧-常规处理-臭氧-生物活性炭组合工艺进行连续运行的中试研究.结果表明:组合工艺出水pH为7.8～8.1,出水色度、浊度、CODMn、UV254、TOC、藻类总数和叶绿素a的去除率分别为100%、97%、53.8%、83.7%、68.6%、99.6%和100%;出水检出BrO3-,但含量处于安全范围内.     

高有机物污染原水深度处理工艺选择和运行优化

P市地表原水受到有机物污染,水中CODMn经常高达10mg/L以上,为此,在G水厂的扩建工程中,采用了两级臭氧—生物活性炭深度处理工艺,以保证出水水质安全。水厂运行结果表明,在活性炭吸附饱和后,一级炭池出水CODMn仍有3～5mg/L,需二级臭氧—生物活性炭处理才能使出厂水CODMn小于3mg/L。当前后臭氧分级投加比例为3∶2时,有机物的去除率最高。     

给水厂臭氧—生物活性炭深度处理生产性试验研究

针对引黄水库水有机微污染和高藻的水质特点,以济南某引黄水厂为基础,采用臭氧—生物活性炭(O3—BAC)深度处理技术进行生产性试验研究,确定O3—BAC深度处理工艺的最佳运行参数,包括臭氧两点投加分配比、臭氧投加量、臭氧接触时间、活性炭层厚度、活性炭空床停留时间等。为该水厂运行及其他类似水厂设计提供参考依据。     

Efficient taste and odour removal by water treatment plants around the Han River water supply system.

Seven major water treatment plants in Seoul Metropolitan Area, which are under Korea Water Resources Corporation (KOWACO)'s management, take water from the Paldang Reservoir in the Han River System for drinking water supply. There are taste and odour (T&O) problems in the finished water because the conventional treatment processes do not efficiently remove the T&O compounds. This study evaluated T&O removal by ozonation, granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment, powder activated carbon (PAC) and an advanced oxidation process in a pilot-scale treatment plant and bench-scale laboratory experiments. During T&O episodes, PAC alone was not adequate, but as a pretreatment together with GAC it could be a useful option. The optimal range of ozone dose was 1 to 2 mg/L at a contact time of 10 min. However, with ozone alone it was difficult to meet the T&O target of 3 TON and 15 ng/L of MIB or geosmin. The GAC adsorption capacity for DOC in the three GAC systems (F/A, GAC and O3 + GAC) at an EBCT of 14 min is mostly exhausted after 9 months. However, substantial TON removal continued for more than 2 years (>90,000 bed volumes). GAC was found to be effective for T&O control and the main removal mechanisms were adsorption capacity and biodegradation.     

平湖市古横桥水厂设计介绍

平湖地区地表水源受有机污染严重,原水中CODMn有时月均超过10mg/L,氨氮月均1~4.5mg/L,最高可达7mg/L。为保证供水水质,平湖市古横桥水厂采用生物预处理—常规处理—深度处理工艺,其中生物预处理采用悬浮填料接触氧化池,深度处理采用两级臭氧活性炭工艺。对该厂主要构筑物的设计特点、工程概算和运行成本作简单介绍。     

平湖市古横桥水厂扩建工程调试和运行

古横桥水厂扩建工程经前期调试后,在运行供水88 d内,原水CODMn平均10.55 mg/L,最高15.12 mg/L,NH3-N平均2.68 mg/L,最高5.31 mg/L,色度平均41度,最高55度,通过生物接触氧化预处理 强化常规处理 两级臭氧-生物活性炭深度处理,出厂水中上述指标均达到卫生部《生活饮用水卫生规范》和建设部《城市供水水质标准》要求.简要介绍了工艺调试和运行情况.     

Combined chemical biological treatment of bleached eucalypt kraft pulp mill effluent.

Effectiveness of ozonation before and after biological treatment for removal of recalcitrant organic matter in bleached kraft pulp effluents was compared. Two industrial ECF bleached eucalypt kraft pulp effluents (E1 and E2) were pretreated with 100 mg O3/L. Raw and pretreated effluents were treated biologically in bench-scale sequencing batch reactors, under constant conditions. Following biological treatment, effluents were post-treated with 100 and 200 mg O3/L. Effluent pretreatment increased effluent biodegradability by 10% in E1 and 24% in E2. Combined O3-biological treated led to small but significant increases in COD, BOD and lignin removal over biological treatment alone, but pretreatment had no significant effect on effluent colour and carbohydrate removal. Ozone pretreatment did not affect biological activity during treatment of effluent E1 but resulted in a 38% lower specific oxygen uptake rate in effluent E2. At an equivalent dose of 100 mg/L, pre-ozonation produced better quality effluent than post-ozonation, especially with regard to COD and colour. Likewise, when an equivalent dose of 200 mg/L was applied, splitting the dose equally between pre- and post-treatments was more efficient than applying the entire dose in the post-treatment. The potential for combined chemical-biological treatment to improve effluent quality has been confirmed in this study.     

Advanced oxidation of bleached eucalypt kraft pulp mill effluent.

In this study a poorly biodegradable (BOD/COD = 0.3) industrial alkaline ECF bleaching filtrate was treated using different advanced oxidation processes to evaluate their use in combined chemical-biological treatment aimed at increasing recalcitrant COD removal and improving final effluent quality. Oxidative treatments included ozonation combined with hydrogen peroxide (2, 5, 10, 20 mmol L(-1) O3/0.7, 2, 5, 10 mmol L(-1) H2O2) and photocatalysis with hydrogen peroxide (UV/2, 4 and 8 mmolL(-1) H2O2) and with TiO2 (UV/TiO2/0.7 and 4 mmol L(-1) H2O2). The O3/H2O2 process increased effluent biodegradability by up to 68% as a result of increasing BOD and decreasing COD. Increasing the O3 dose had a greater effect on biodegradability improvement and lignin and colour removal efficiencies than increasing the H2O2 dose. A combined oxidant dose of 5 mmol L(-1) O3 and 2 mmol L(-1) H2O2 resulted in 75% lignin removal, 40% colour removal and 6% carbohydrate loss without mineralizing the organic carbon. The photocatalytic processes led to a decrease in effluent biodegradability through combined decrease in BOD and increase in COD and did not result in efficient lignin or colour removal. Photocatalytic oxidation was apparently inhibited by the high chloride and COD levels in the alkaline filtrate, and may be more efficient in recalcitrant COD removal if performed after biological.     

深圳市南山水厂一期工程工艺设计与自控要点

深圳市南山水厂一期工程规模20万m3/d,为保证供水水质达到直接饮用目标,采用预处理-强化常规处理-臭氧活性炭深度处理工艺,并对排泥水进行回用和污泥处置.阐述了水厂工艺主要构筑物设计参数和自控条件,并对其中药剂品种与投加点、滤池恒水位过滤与初滤水排放、活性炭滤池增设砂垫层、污泥浓缩池排泥控制等一些关键技术进行说明.     

生物颗粒活性炭处理苯酚废水

研究了生物颗粒活性炭(BGAC)处理合成苯酚废水的效果和机理。结果表明,BGAC能够高效处理苯酚废水,处理效果优于活性污泥法和颗粒活性炭(GAC)吸附。BGAC、活性污泥和GAC分别对75 mg/L的苯酚废水连续处理,平均去除率分别为98%、60%和90%。通过苯酚出水pH值和反应器中溶解氧的变化情况分析,BGAC对苯酚废水的处理主要借助于活性炭的吸附和微生物降解的交替作用。