白点缺陷预防方法

白点是钢材中决不允许存在的缺陷,通过研究生产实际情况,总结"白点"出现的规律,分析了生产过程氢含量的变化,提出防止"白点"缺陷产生的方法,对实际生产有很好的指导作用.     

论LD31铝合金型材“白点”产生原因及防止措施

通过到LD31铝合金型材产生的“白点”缺陷进行研究，找出了其产生的原因是铸锭的组织缺陷-疏松和气孔所致，进而结合生产实际提出了行之有效的防止措施。     

1060铝箔表面白点缺陷的分析

本文通过现场观察、试轧并结合试验对某铝箔生产企业在生产1060时箔材所出现的白点缺陷进行了分析和确定,并定性推断了产生该白点缺陷的原因。铝箔表面所产生的白点缺陷实际为凹坑缺陷,凹坑内壁及边缘未见有夹杂物及二相粒子的析出。白点缺陷的根源应在于熔炼、铸造过程中对设备及工艺参数控制不当所致。     

烧结矿“白点”危害及处理

分析烧结矿“白点”的形成机理，根据实际生产情况采取措施减少和杜绝烧结矿“白点”。     

锻件材产生白点的原因分析

对锻钢公司生产出口材产生的白点质量异议进行分析,锻材中的白点大都是以疏松未锻合的显微空隙缺陷或密集的非金属夹杂物为核心,向基体强度弱的方向扩展的氢致裂纹缺陷。锻件材中白点的产生与其实际氢含量、内应力大小、锻件材内部的冶金质量及致密性有关。     

钢中“白点”断日的氢迹象花样及其形成

观察研究了钢中“白点”缺陷上的各种氢迹象花样,实验证明和讨论了氢迹象花样的形成是腐蚀效应,或者是腐蚀和应力的综合效应。钢中“白点”断口是由氢所引起的脆性断口之一,一些研究也已将“白点”缺陷的呈现与钢中氢含量较高联系起来了。本文观察研究了钢中“白点”断口的各种氢迹象花样,并证实和探讨了氢迹象花样的形成原因。     

1.2738大型模块探伤缺陷分析

通过对1．2738大型锻造模块探伤密集缺陷取样进行低倍酸蚀、制备人工断口进行体视显微镜观察、扫描电镜（SEM）断口分析,确定缺陷性质为“白点”,并在之后的生产实践中采用针对性的的工艺调整技术手段有限地消除了该类探伤缺陷。     

连铸大方坯气瓶钢白点缺陷的防止

介绍电炉—大方坯连铸生产气瓶钢防止白点缺陷的改进措施。连铸大方坯轧制后的气瓶钢坯上经常发现轻微白点缺陷，在连铸中间包的开浇炉上更为明显。白点缺陷存在安全隐患，是气瓶钢中不允许存在的缺陷，为此加强对炼钢原辅材的防潮、VD真空过程以及中间包烘烤时间的管理，同时通过不同缓冷方式的试验，确定最合适的缓冷工艺，有效避免了轧制后钢坯白点现象的发生。在低倍组织检验时这种细小白点缺陷容易漏判，采用超声波探伤检查．对防止白点误判非常重要。     

优特钢白点缺陷产生原因及解决措施

在介绍优特钢白点缺陷概念的基础上,针对白点缺陷产生的原因和危害进行了深入的分析,并提出了相应的解决及预防措施,以提高钢材的结构性能,为钢材生产企业提供借鉴参考.     

车轮低倍白点的确认

白点是破坏性极大的低倍缺陷。作为钢中的显微裂纹,白点可能成为疲劳裂纹源,降低钢的强度。为此,正确判断白点是车轮低倍生产检验中非常关键的一环。     

罐箱用316L不锈钢(4.4～4.6)mm×2050 mm冷轧退火板白斑缺陷分析及控制

罐箱用316L不锈钢(/%:0.02C, 17.12Cr, 10.15Ni, 2.06Mo)(4.4～4.6) mm×2050 mm宽厚冷轧板在生产过程中表面出现严重的白斑缺陷。运用特征分析、钢种对比、现场缺陷跟踪的方法研究白斑缺陷产生原因,结果表明,白斑缺陷产生原因是带钢轧后表面乳化液残留多,在脱脂清洗效果不足与980℃退火工艺条件下产生分布不均的氧化皮,乳化液残留较多处产生的氧化皮呈白色,酸洗后形成白斑缺陷。系统分析了轧后带钢表面乳化液残留量以及残油去除效果的影响因素,通过轧制工序采用无纺布材质刮油辊,加装风刀吹扫系统,控制乳化液浓度为1.5%～3%,乳化液温度为(55±3)℃,修复两套磁过滤系统;并通过控制脱脂段电导率7.5μs/cm,充套速度50 m/min,调整退火段9～12区炉温到1030℃,白斑缺陷不合格率由10%降低到≤0.5%。     

钢中的白点的检验

提出了检验白点时应区分不可逆氢脆白点和可逆氢脆白点，讨论了不可逆氮脆白点和发裂的关系，对检验白蹼的各种方法进行了评论。     

Catecholamines, stress, and disease: a psychobiological perspective

White demineralized areas after the removal of orthodontic appliances remain a problem for clinicians and patients. The main objective of this study is to assess clinical photography as a method for the evaluation of caries and white spots and the in vivo study of remineralization of carious lesions. The secondary objective was to compare the effect of different levels of both experimental and commercial fluoride solutions on the remineralization of enamel carious lesions. White spot lesions were created with an acid solution on extracted permanent human teeth, and the lesions were remineralized in remineralizing solutions with or without fluoride ions. The changes in the enamel surface during the demineralization and the remineralization processes were recorded with a 35 mm clinical camera. Photographs were taken of the experimentally created white spots, the samples were sectioned for microradiography testing, and the actual mineral contents of the white spot lesions were calculated from the microradiographs. The enamel lesions were further analyzed by powder x-ray diffraction to confirm whether fluoride was incorporated into the lesions during the remineralization period. From this experiment it can be concluded: (1) clinical photography as currently practiced is not an adequate method of monitoring the remineralization of white spots with large lesion depths and (2) the experimental solution that contains 50 ppm fluoride had a higher efficacy for remineralization than the control solution or the commercial mouth rinse, which contained 225 ppm fluoride.     

顶吹法生产锑白新工艺的研究与应用

介绍了自热式顶吹法生产锑白的工艺原理、主要技术条件、产品质量、经济技术指标以及实际应用情况,并与其它锑白生产方法进行了比较。     

顶吹法生产锑白新工艺的研究与应用

介绍了自热式顶吹法生产锑白的工艺原理、主要技术条件、产品质量、经济技术指标以及实际应用情况，并与其它锑白生产方法进行了比较。     

Emotion recognition: The role of facial movement and the relative importance of upper and lower areas of the face.

In an experiment with 20 undergraduates, video recordings of actors' faces covered with black makeup and white spots were played back to the Ss so that only the white spots were visible. The results demonstrate that moving displays of happiness, sadness, fear, surprise, anger, and disgust were recognized more accurately than static displays of the white spots at the apex of the expressions. This indicates that facial motion, in the absence of information about the shape and position of facial features, is informative about these basic emotions. Normally illuminated dynamic displays of these expressions, however, were recognized more accurately than displays of moving spots. The relative effectiveness of upper and lower facial areas for the recognition of the 6 emotions was also investigated using normally illuminated and spots-only displays. In both instances, the results indicate that different facial regions are more informative for different emotions. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

3Cr2W8V大截面锻材热处理工艺探讨

经酸浸低倍和金相组织检验及超声波探伤，证明大锭型存在链状亚稳定共晶碳化物组织。这种组织是构成钢材内裂的裂纹源。大截面锻材还存在“白点”问题。通过适当加钛和稀土合金，保证锻造前加热透烧，加大横向锻比等，可改善碳化物分布。通过锻后回炉再烧 出炉后在Ar1附近温度快冷 扩氢处理。可熔断链状碳化物，防止二次网状碳化物析出，可消除“白点”缺陷，钢材缺陷呈点状分布，缺陷当量满足技术要求。     

201×7WA两种树脂在仲钨酸铵试验中的研究

阐述了以白渣为原料试制仲钨酸铵的工艺过程.试验采用离子交换工艺,对两种不同的阴离子进行了对比试验分析,结果表明,210×7WA两种树脂,WA树脂饱和容量较大,是一种大孔型阴离子交换树脂,生产中对节省仲钨酸铵投资费用和降低单位产品成本具有一定意义.     

A fast spot segmentation algorithm for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis

An important issue in the automation of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis image analysis is the detection and quantification of protein spots. A spot segmentation algorithm must detect, define the extent of, and measure the integrated density of spots under a wide variety of actual gel image conditions. Besides these functions, the algorithm must be memory efficient to be able to process very large gel images and do this in a reasonable amount of computation time on low-cost computers, such as workstations and personal computers. We have developed a fast spot segmentation algorithm, extending the GELLAB-II segmenter, which extracts spots in a single raster scanning pass through the gel image. The performance analysis of the algorithm will be given in the paper as well as a discussion of the algorithm.