机械设计中的人机工程学

本文先介绍了人机工程学的概念、发展现状以及怎样在设计中注意运用人机工程学,又从我们日常生活各方面举例论证了人机工程学对我们生活的重要影响,提出了人机工程学已经成为机械设计过程中十分重要的一个考虑因素。     

人机工程学在鞋类设计中的应用

本文从人机工程学角度分析鞋类设计的各个要素,即尺寸、功能、样式、材料、色彩以及人的心理六个要素。探讨鞋类设计与人机工程学的关系,力求寻找满足人们需要的最佳鞋类设计原则,从而为人机工程学在鞋类设计中的应用提供有力素材。     

汽车头颈保护系统设计

对头颈保护系统的设计主要考虑的是人机工程学的合理与否,满足功能要求是首要目的,同时符合人机工程学原理,充分考虑特定环境下的用户的状态,并给予合理的保护。设计中体现的主要设计出发点是关怀,关怀是设计的目的。     

工业设计中人机工程学应用的发展探研

近年来,学校的人机工程学专业逐渐成为热门专业。因为,现代人的生活充满许多贴近生活和符合人类需要的产品。人机工程学便是以人的需求和追求为基准,设计产品来提高人们的高质量生活,作为朝阳专业,人机工程学在工业设计中的发展是十分突出的。本文将以探讨工业设计中人机工程学应用的发展为话题而展开讨论。     

人机工程分析在驾驶舱设计改进中的应用

随着人机工程学在产品设计中的应用日益广泛,对产品的人性化设计成为设计领域一个新的革命。本文根据人机工程学的相关理论和方法,通过现场主观操作评价和RAMSIS软件仿真分析相结合,分析了某型叉车驾驶舱中的整体空间布局、人机信息界面及操控装置的排列等方面的人机因素,并进行了舒适性、伸及性、操作空间及视野等方面的校核,对设计的不足之处进行总结,用于后续开发设计之中。     

产品人机接触曲面形状的CAD研究

对产品形态设计中人机接触曲面的人机工程学性能的评价与设计方法进行了分析,研究了合理人机接触曲面设计的解决方案,应用遗传算法工具实现了对人机接触曲面形态解方案的随机搜索,以及通过程序进行自动评价与选择的机制,建立了基于Unigraphics造型平台的曲面人机设计过程机制与原型系统。     

基于Solidworks的人机工程学CAD二次开发

基于Solidworks造型平台,以VC++为二次开发工具研制了产品形态的人机工程学CAD软件。实现了人机工程学标准人体数据的查询、辅助设计人体模型的建立和人机信息的实时获取,并实现了通过人体模型对产品尺寸进行驱动设计的方法。文章介绍了该人机CAD软件模块的基本功能和结构,论述了各工具集具体功能的实现方法。     

基于人机工程学的数字图像精度选择设定

人机工程学基于对人的生理特性的研究,继而指导工业设计和商业设计的相关应用。视觉精度的不同要求,决定了数字图像的原始精度要求。应用人机工程学的研究数据,便于选择更合适的数字图像的精度。从视力、视角和临场感的要求出发,可以得出相应的图像像素数要求。     

包装容器造型人机分析

对包装容器造型设计进行了人机分析及应用,分析了包装容器造型设计中的人体测量尺寸问题、握力问题、使用动作和功能以及容器材料和色彩问题。通过包装容器造型人机分析为人机工程学在包装容器造型设计中的运用提供了研究方向。     

基于人机工程学的人体、机器与环境的和谐共处

通过介绍人机工程学的历史背景和发展现状,分析欧美国家对人机工程学的重视及对肌肉骨骼疾病的预防措施。通过权威数据和图示解释全面分析人机工程学对日常工作学习的影响、预防骨骼肌肉疾病的有效措施并提出人机工程学教育未来研究发展的趋势。     

Ergonomics, education and children: a personal view

Educational ergonomics - the teaching of ergonomics and the design of environments where ergonomics teaching and learning might occur - has received little attention from ergonomists. This paper first describes the roots of the author's interest and research in educational ergonomics; second it provides a personal view of the opportunities and challenges posed by the two streams of educational ergonomics; and lastly it considers the implications of teaching ergonomics to children in terms of their personal development, the design of schools and the impact such initiatives might have on wider societal problems.     

The integration of ergonomics into design—A review

This paper examines the role of ergonomics in product and systems design. Market requirements as well as legislation have increased the use of ergonomics in design. This has increased the demands upon both ergonomists and designers. The ergonomist must learn to participate in the product development team. In return the design team must find the time and resources necessary for the inclusion of ergonomics in the development programme. This paper discusses the different roles played by the ergonomist in each stage of product and systems design. The need to give designers, engineers and management a fundamental education in ergonomics is highlighted as is the need for the ergonomist to consider the financial consequences of his work.     

Design aids for designers: an effective role for ergonomics

The paper describes, with examples taken from the mining industry, the role of ergonomics in providing design aids for designers. The examples cover: (a) The provision of ergonomics design guidelines for families of machines; (b) The use of subjective assessment by expert panels to evaluate alternative solutions to development proposals; (c) The development of a computer-based simulation which produces multiple activity charts for the evaluation of the performance potential of new coal face designs. It is suggested that ergonomics specifically directed to the provision of design aids for designers may be one of the most fruitful approaches available to ensure a wider implementation of ergonomics knowledge and practice.     

The integration of ergonomics into design—A review

Abstract

This paper examines the role of ergonomics in product and systems design. Market requirements as well as legislation have increased the use of ergonomics in design. This has increased the demands upon both ergonomists and designers. The ergonomist must learn to participate in the product development team. In return the design team must find the time and resources necessary for the inclusion of ergonomics in the development programme. This paper discusses the different roles played by the ergonomist in each stage of product and systems design. The need to give designers, engineers and management a fundamental education in ergonomics is highlighted as is the need for the ergonomist to consider the financial consequences of his work.     

基于功能面的产品布局与人机工程协同设计的研究

在产品概念设计中,布局设计和人机工程设计是两个相互影响和制约的设计过程,。为了将这种布局设计和人机工程设计协同起来,将功能面作为概念设计发解的依据,并在此基础上提出了基于功能面的协同概念设计过程和方法,以及布局设施 人机工程协同设计模型和形式化描述方法,最后结合摩托车的概念设计实例给出了一个计算机支持的布局和人机工程协同设计系统的实现方案。     

Ergonomics of Consumer Products

The author outlines the recent ergonomics trends in the design of consumer products in Japan. He gives his opinion of how ergonomics will develop in Japan on the basis of these trends. In general it is clear that there will be rapid development in ergonomics with respect to consumer products in Japan.     

MVC架构下网站的设计与实现

随着科技的高速发展,互联网已经成为了各个部门工作上必不可少的一项工具。针对目前网站设计中普遍存在的扩展性较差、安全性不高、开发难度大以及后期维护困难等问题,提出了一种采用MVC架构结合Java编程及数据库应用的网站设计方法。MVC模式是一种先进的Web服务设计模式,通过MVC架构运用可以优化网站设计。该方法使网站的开发难度得到极大的降低,保证了数据的安全,使网站的安全性大大提高,功能扩展及升级以及后期维护变得更加简单,不仅满足了客户的需求,也是一种先进、安全可靠的网站开发方法。以广东海洋大学科技处网站为例,详细介绍了采用MVC框架进行网站开发的关键技术开发过程,尤其是对于网站的安全性如XSS和SQL注入,做了针对性的预防,从而极大地提高了网站的安全性。     

A multi-level systems approach for the development of tools, equipment and work processes for the construction industry

Ergonomics is a key issue in the construction industry. Many work tasks and associated equipment and tools are not designed with ergonomics principles in mind. Often, in the development of power tools for construction, any attention to ergonomics is restricted to the human-machine interface and handle design. The need for ergonomics intervention in the development process originates from considerations of safety, health, physical work load, and productivity. It is argued that in each of these respects, the construction industry has lower standards than other industries and therefore has a need and opportunity for improvement. A multi-level ergonomics approach is proposed addressing these issues. The approach defines five levels of ergonomics intervention, from designing individual tools for safety, to designing wider aspects of construction and work flow for optimal productivity. This holistic approach is illustrated using case study examples of the development of power tools and work methods.     

Ergonomics capability in product design and development: an organizational analysis

This paper suggests that the emergence and development of ergonomics capability in product design and development can be understood as a dynamic process of innovation, which is shaped by a combination of forces both internal and external to an organization. The comparative case study method was used to focus on six organizations (three pairs) operating from a manufacturing base in New Zealand. Data were collected from in-depth interviews, documents, archival sources and through observation. A framework for understanding the emergence and development of ergonomics capability in product design and development is presented. While ergonomics capability is a core concept in the model, four other major elements are identified. These are staffing routines, top management orientation, organizational configuration, and the external environment.     

Ergonomic criteria in large-scale engineering design--I. Management by documentation only? Formal organization vs. designers' perceptions.

In engineering design projects ergonomics criteria may be supplied to project members along with other design requirements. A formal organization for human factors (HF) is set up where responsibilities pertaining to HF are specified. It is then assumed that the project functions according to this, and that the ergonomics criteria are known among project members. We have investigated the management of human factors in two large-scale offshore development projects. Our study shows that neither organization of HF nor ergonomics criteria were well known among project members. To be effective, the criteria have to be supported by one or more HF specialists who engage themselves actively in design.