3种组合工艺深度处理污水处理厂二级出水的研究

以污水处理厂实际二级出水为研究对象,探讨了混凝沉淀过滤、混凝沉淀-曝气生物滤池和臭氧-生物活性炭3种污水深度处理组合工艺对二级出水中有机物、氮磷和荧光特性的去除效果。结果表明,臭氧-生物活性炭对于COD、UV254和色度的去除效果优于混凝沉淀过滤和混凝沉淀-曝气生物滤池;混凝沉淀-曝气生物滤池对氨氮、亚硝氮的去除更有优势;混凝沉淀过滤对磷的去除效能最高;3种组合工艺对硝氮都没有明显的去除。三维荧光光谱分析结果表明,臭氧能够有效去除腐殖酸类荧光物质。     

采用“臭氧-粉末活性炭-曝气生物滤池”组合工艺深度处理印染废水

采用“臭氧-微量粉末活性炭-曝气生物滤池”组合工艺,考察了苏南某污水处理厂二级出水深度处理的运行效果及作为回用水的可行性。结果表明,当投加的臭氧和粉末活性炭质量浓度分别为25mg/L和20mg/L,曝气生物滤池的水力停留时间为6h,气水比为3∶1时,组合工艺出水的ρ（COD）和ρ(NH₃-N)平均值分别为49mg/L和0.28mg/L,出水平均色度为7,平均脱色率达90%,满足回用水水质要求。检测发现,臭氧氧化和粉末活性炭吸附对可溶性微生物产物有较高的去除率。     

ABR—好氧组合工艺对农村生活污水处理效果研究

研究了厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)分别与跌水曝气和曝气生物滤池组合工艺对农村生活污水中COD_(Cr)和氨氮的去除效果,并对两种组合工艺去除效果进行了比较。结果表明:采用ABR—好氧组合工艺处理生活污水,COD_(Cr)的平均去除率基本上稳定在84.2%左右,这说明生活污水经过ABR厌氧反应器和好氧处理后,能有效去除污水中的有机物;在后续好氧段,采用跌水曝气作为后处理,COD_(Cr)去除率比单独采用ABR提高了9.5%,采用曝气生物滤池作为后处理,COD_(Cr)去除率提高了24.9%,与ABR—跌水曝气相比,采用ABR—曝气生物滤池去除COD_(Cr)的效果较好;ABR—好氧组合工艺对氨氮的去除效果较差,达不到理想的去除效果。     

退浆印染废水处理工程设计实例

先采用pH调节池—初沉池—调节池—厌氧池组合工艺对高浓度退浆废水进行预处理,后采用初沉池—调节池—厌氧池—A/O(PACT)—二沉池—混凝沉淀池—臭氧氧化池—曝气生物滤池—滤布滤池的组合工艺对经预处理后的退浆废水和其他低浓度废水进行深度处理。运行结果表明,COD、色度、氨氮、总氮、总磷平均总去除率分别97.1%、95.0%、97.1%、71.3%及92.1%,各项出水指标达到《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 4287-2012)。GC-MS分析结果显示,调节池中主要有机物成分复杂,经厌氧池后有机物浓度明显降低,臭氧氧化池和BAF出水中脂类和烷烃类显著减少,说明深度处理臭氧氧化和BAF组合工艺对难降解有机物有一定的去除效果。污水处理设计规模1.15万m3/d,工程总投资约3 000万元,直接运行成本2.20元/m3。     

湘江长沙段饮用水源水除藻工艺研究

文章分析了湘江长沙段水源水藻类的主要特征及其影响因子,研究了常规处理、臭氧生物活性炭深度处理组合;臭氧氧化、常规混凝沉淀处理及生物活性炭深度处理组合;陶粒滤池生物预处理、常规处理及活性炭深度处理组合三种组合除藻工艺对某自来水厂的藻类去除效果。     

空气曝气与纯氧曝气生物滤池应用于污水深度处理的研究

采用两种不同气源的曝气生物滤池对污水处理厂二级出水进行深度处理中试研究.结果表明,空气曝气和纯氧曝气生物滤池对COD_(Mn)的去除率相近,分别为30.5%和30.9%;以纯氧为气源的生物滤池硝化能力远强于空气曝气生物滤池,氨氮总去除率77.4%,出水氨氮为2.1～6.3 mg/L;纯氧曝气提高了滤池上部氨氮去除效果,维持滤池内溶解氧在6 mg/L以上,沿水流方向使pH逐渐下降.纯氧曝气生物滤池是污水深度处理中去除氨氮的有效工艺.     

三效蒸发除盐—臭氧氧化—生化工艺处理香料废水

采用三效蒸发除盐—臭氧氧化—活性炭吸附—生物接触氧化—曝气生物滤池工艺处理某企业香料生产废水,经过6个多月的试运行,COD和SS去除率分别为98.8%和75%,该工艺的处理费用为24.12元/m~3。同时,介绍了系统中三效蒸发器结垢和曝气生物滤池堵塞问题的解决措施.工程验收监测结果显示出水水质可达到江苏省《化学工业主要水污染物排放标准》(DB 32/939—2006)一级标准。     

UBAF用于城市污水深度处理的生产性试验

介绍了山东省枣庄市城市污水处理厂采用升流式曝气生物滤池(UBAF)作为污水深度处理的主体工艺的情况。经过二级处理后的可生物降解性较差的城市污水通过此工艺处理能够取得较好的处理效果。此工艺占地小,造价比较低,运行操作简单,在污水回用领域值得推广。     

石化废水回用于循环冷却水的中试试验研究

以大庆某化工厂石化废水二级处理出水作为回用于工业循环冷却水水源 ,通过对废水回用前后的水质分析和相关处理技术的调查 ,确定采用曝气生物滤池和臭氧生物活性炭处理工艺进行中试研究。试验结果表明 :经本工艺处理后 ,出水水质能满足循环冷却水的用水水质要求     

污水二级处理出水深度处理的试验研究

本文对曝气生物滤池用于城市污水和工业废水的深度处理进行了试验研究。分析了曝气生物滤池、纤维球过滤作为主体工艺对城市污水二级处理厂出水进行深度处理的工艺可行性 ;研究了曝气生物滤池的运行特性 ;考察了采用曝气生物滤池、纤维过滤、活性炭吸附、微滤以及反渗透工艺对工业废水二级出水进行深度处理后回用于循环冷却水系统补水的可行性和可靠性。试验结果表明 :①曝气生物滤池对二级处理后的城市污水 (试验Ⅰ )和工业废水 (试验Ⅱ )中COD的去除率分别为2 5 1%和 5 5 6 % ,出水COD浓度为 33mg/L和 33 6mg/L ,对BOD均有 70 %以上的去除率 ,并且对SS及浊度、氨氮均有很高的去除率 ;②曝气生物滤池对SS与浊度的去除率随进水滤速升高呈直线下降趋势 ,而对COD的去除率在某一个滤速范围内达到最高 ,此时滤池内有机负荷为 1～ 1 5kg COD/ (m3 ·d) ,有效水力停留时间为 1～ 1 5h ;③曝气生物滤池中的溶解氧浓度随填料层增高呈线性增加的趋势 ,COD的去除率沿填料层高度变化为非线性的 ,在试验Ⅰ中 1 5～2m之间的填料层内对COD的去除率最高 ;④根据COD和SS去除率的变化判断反冲洗的周期 ,采用气水联合的方式对曝气生物滤池进行反冲洗 ,反冲洗后曝气生物滤池需要一定的时间才能恢复对污染物的去除能力 ,试     

Oxidative treatment characteristics of biotreated textile-dyeing wastewater and chemical agents used in a textile-dyeing process by advanced oxidation process.

The oxidative treatment characteristics of biotreated textile-dyeing wastewater and typical chemicals such as desizing, scouring, dispersing and swelling agents used in the textile-dyeing process by advanced oxidation process were experimentally studied. The refractory organic matters remained in the effluent of biological treatment process without degradation may be suitable for the improvement of biodegradability and mineralized to CO2 by combined ozonation with and without hydrogen peroxide. On the other hand, the refractory chemicals contained in the scouring agent A and swelling agent may not be mineralized and their biodegradability may not be improved by ozonation. However, the BOD/DOC ratio of scouring agent B increased from 0.3 to 0.45 after ozonation. Based on the results described above, advanced treatment process involving the ozonation without and with the addition of hydrogen peroxide, followed by biological treatment was proposed for the treatment of refractory wastewater discharged from the textile-dyeing process.     

A combined UASB-MBR with shortcut nitrification-denitrification for energy reduction in wastewater reclamation

Shortcut nitrification has been successfully applied in a laboratory scale nitrification-denitrification process consisting of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and an aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) in treating synthetic and municipal wastewater to simultaneously remove organic carbon and nitrogen. For the treatment of synthetic wastewater, the combined system exhibited a high TOC removal of 98% with a steady ammonia removal efficiency of about 98% in the MBR and a total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 90%. In treating municipal wastewater, due to its low COD concentration, removal efficiencies of TOC, ammonia and TN were 70%, 98% and 60%, respectively. The biogas production was around 76.4 L/m3 wastewater when treating synthetic wastewater. However, little biogas was produced when treating municipal wastewater which was the result of low organic carbon loading to the UASB. Energy analysis has demonstrated that this novel shortcut nitrification process could consume less energy than a conventional process and have the potential of bio-energy generation via biogas production thus helping to achieve a more favorable energy balance.     

Water reuse for irrigation from waste water treatment plants with seasonal varied operation modes.

Irrigation periods are usually limited to vegetation periods. The quality requirements for treated wastewater for disposal and for reuse are different. The reuse of water for irrigation allows partly the reuse of the wastewater's nutrients (N and P). Outside the irrigation period the water must be treated for disposal, thus nutrient removal is often required in order to avoid detrimental effects on the receiving surface water body. Only wastewater treatment plants with different operation modes for different seasons can realise these requirements. The nitrification is the most sensitive biological process in the aerobic wastewater treatment process. At low water temperatures the nitrifying bacteria need several weeks to re-start full nitrification after periods without NH4-removal. Therefore it is necessary to develop options for waste water treatment plants which allow a fast re-start of the nitrification process. Based on theoretical considerations and computer simulations of the activated sludge treatment process, one possibility for implementing a wastewater treatment plant with different seasonal operation modes is evaluated.     

反渗透工艺处理电厂循环冷却排污水

针对电厂循环冷却排污水浊度高 ,含盐量高的水质特点 ,采用反渗透工艺进行处理 ,出水含盐量小于 2 0mg/L ,满足锅炉预脱盐补充水的要求。介绍了反渗透工艺及其预处理工艺 ,并对该工艺处理成本和工程运行问题进行了分析     

氨吹脱-A2/O工艺处理高浓度养殖废水

介绍了氨吹脱-A2/O工艺处理高浓度养殖废水的工程实例.运行结果表明,CODCr的平均去除率为97.4%,NH3-N去除率为91.9%,出水的各项指标均符合<畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准>.该工艺具有剩余污泥少,耐冲击负荷能力强,难降解有机物去除效率高等优点.     

Plant-wide (BSM2) evaluation of reject water treatment with a SHARON-Anammox process.

In wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) equipped with sludge digestion and dewatering systems, the reject water originating from these facilities contributes significantly to the nitrogen load of the activated sludge tanks, to which it is typically recycled. In this paper, the impact of reject water streams on the performance of a WWTP is assessed in a simulation study, using the Benchmark Simulation Model no. 2 (BSM2), that includes the processes describing sludge treatment and in this way allows for plant-wide evaluation. Comparison of performance of a WWTP without reject water with a WWTP where reject water is recycled to the primary clarifier, i.e. the BSM2 plant, shows that the ammonium load of the influent to the primary clarifier is 28% higher in the case of reject water recycling. This results in violation of the effluent total nitrogen limit. In order to relieve the main wastewater treatment plant, reject water treatment with a combined SHARON-Anammox process seems a promising option. The simulation results indicate that significant improvements of the effluent quality of the main wastewater treatment plant can be realized. An economic evaluation of the different scenarios is performed using an Operating Cost Index (OCI).     

Decision support tools for urban water and wastewater systems--focussing on hazardous flows assessment.

The Swedish research programme Urban Water has developed a concept of a multi-criteria basis intended to support decision-making for urban water and wastewater systems. Five criteria groups were established for sustainability assessment of urban water systems: Health and Hygiene, Environment, Economy, Socio-culture, and Technology. Each criterion requires a set of indicators corresponding to quantifiable facts and figures, or qualitative data to comparatively assess the different alternatives in the decision process. The decision support process starts as a baseline study where the existing conditions are addressed. Alternative strategies of the future urban water system are developed and analysed by different tools and methodologies in assessing the five criteria groups. Eventually, the results and conclusions are integrated and synthesised into a basis for decision-making. As an example of a decision support basis for chemical safety, a barrier perspective was introduced to find out if and to what extent hazardous substances can be stopped, diverged, or transformed at various points in the wastewater system. A set of barriers was suggested, i.e. behaviour, systems design, process design, optional recipients, and organisational. The barrier approach was applied to two alternative municipal wastewater system designs--a combined wastewater system vs. a source separated system--analysing the fate of phosphorus, cadmium, and triclosan. The study showed that the combined system caused a higher substance flow to the receiving waterbody than the separated system. The combined system also brought more phosphorus and cadmium to the farmland than the separated system, but only half the amount of triclosan.     

The role of plant uptake on the removal of organic matter and nutrients in subsurface flow constructed wetlands: a simulation study.

Plants in constructed wetlands have several functions related to the treatment processes. It is generally agreed that nutrient uptake is a minor factor in constructed wetlands treating wastewater compared to the loadings applied. For low loaded systems plant uptake can contribute a significant amount to nutrient removal. The contribution of plant uptake is simulated for different qualities of water to be treated using the multi-component reactive transport module CW2D. CW2D is able to describe the biochemical elimination and transformation processes for organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. The model for plant uptake implemented describes nutrient uptake coupled to water uptake. Literature values are used to calculate potential water and nutrient uptake rates. For a constructed wetland treating municipal wastewater a potential nutrient uptake of about 1.9% of the influent nitrogen and phosphorus load can be expected. For lower loaded systems the potential uptake is significantly higher, e.g. 46% of the nitrogen load for treatment of greywater. The potential uptake rates could only be simulated for high loaded systems i.e. constructed wetlands treating wastewater. For low loaded systems the nutrient concentrations in the liquid phase were too low to simulate the potential uptake rates using the implemented model for plant uptake.     

The Actiflo method

The Actiflo method is a compact physico-chemical water treatment method. The method has for many years been used in waterworks for the treatment of surface water to produce drinking water, but is now to an increasing extent being used for treating wastewater and combined sewer overflows (CSO). The method works as weighted settling combined with lamella settling. Typical treatment efficiency: suspended solids 85%, COD 60%, Kjeldahl N 18% and total P 85%. The method also permits efficient removal of heavy metals. Krüger has a mobile pilot plant with a capacity of 80–120 m³/h in Scandinavia and a similar pilot plant in the USA. As an Actiflo plant can be started up in less than 15 minutes, it has many applications. Several applications may also be combined, e.g. treatment of overflows during rain and treatment of lake water in the recipient nearby in dry weather. As an alternative to detention basins in combined sewer systems the Actiflo method is often a competitive method.     

Integration of chemical and biological oxidation in a SBBR for tannery wastewater treatment.

This paper reports the results of an investigation aimed at evaluating the laboratory-scale performance of an innovative process for treating tannery wastewater. In this process, biological degradation, carried out in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR), is combined with chemical oxidation by ozone. Tannery wastewater treatment was carried out, at laboratory scale, on a real primary effluent coming from a centralised plant treating wastewater produced by a large tannery district in Northern Italy. SBBR performance both without and with ozonation, was assessed with very satisfactory results. In particular, in the latter instance the recorded COD, TKN and TSS average removals, (96%), (92%) and (98%) respectively, allowed the maximum allowable concentration values fixed by the Italian regulation in force to be achieved without any additional polishing step. During the investigation biofilm properties (biofilm concentration and biofilm density) and flow dynamics aspects (head loss, shear stress, bed porosity) were also studied. A major feature of the process is that, with or without ozonation, it was characterised by very low specific sludge production (0.05 kgVSS/kgCODremoved) and high biofilm density (i.e. 87-122 gVSS/Lsludge) both contributing to a rather high biofilm concentration (i.e. 31-44 gTSS/Lfilter).