基于地震塑性损伤的混凝土框架结构分析模型研究

采用经典塑性和连续损伤模型,确定了塑性变形的演化法则,发展了一种基于抗震损伤的混凝土框架结构分析模型。运用两端具有塑性铰的梁模型模拟框架结构的梁柱。算例表明,该模型的损伤指数可以确定结构各单元和整体在地震时的性能及结构极限荷载,具有可靠的精度。     

基于混凝土损伤塑性模型的框架结构开裂损伤分析

通过有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立某12层框架结构并进行时程分析,基于混凝土损伤塑性模型,研究了该框架结构在地震作用下的结构开裂损伤发展状况,探讨了应用混凝土损伤塑性模型预测钢筋混凝土框架结构整体损伤及裂缝发展的可行性及存在的问题,为相似的框架结构的损伤破坏提供理论支持。     

罕遇地震作用下框架结构损伤分析

罕遇地震作用下的建筑结构往往处于弹塑性工作状态,但结构每个构件的损伤程度不尽相同.为了评价不同构件的损伤情况,编制了框架结构杆系振动模型弹塑性时程分析程序,对框架结构在罕遇地震作用下的损伤进行了分析.利用累计塑性变形倍率、平均塑性变形倍率和累计塑性转角与最大塑性转角的比值"S"对结构的损伤进行了评价.同时对结构各个杆件...     

地震损伤混凝土框架结构塑性铰模型研究

为了评价地震损伤混凝土框架结构的抗震性能,采用结构Pushover曲线,对结构的损伤等级进行划分,基于一组压弯构件的低周往复荷载试验数据,提出塑性铰模型中的刚度、强度退化系数以及塑性转动能力减少值的计算方法。在数值算例中,对结构构件的塑性铰进行修改,以反映框架结构地震损伤,对比分析了结构地震损伤前后抗震性能的差异。研究表明:采用损伤构件的塑性铰模型进行数值分析,能反映地震损伤框架结构的刚度、强度和延性降低。     

钢框架结构在地震作用下累积损伤分析及试验研究

钢框架结构在强地震作用下将进入非线性状态,结构的刚度和强度等力学性能随之降低,从而影响到结构以后的抗震性能。因此,如何确定结构在一次或多次地震作用后的力学性能,是结构在多次地震作用下动力分析的重要内容,为了达到这个目的,首先需要确定结构在每次地震作用后各层的累积损伤指数,再通过损伤指数来定量确定结构的剩余刚度和剩余强度。本文通过钢框架结构的多次振动台模拟试验,应用损伤力学理论,建立钢框架结构在地震作用下考虑损伤累积效应的双线性恢复力模型,结构在地震作用下的动力分析采用层间模型,并运用Wilson-θ法进行计算分析,通过试验和计算的对比,在多次地震作用后,由于框架结构的层间模型产生了强度和刚度的退化,考虑损伤累积效应后的计算结果更符合试验结果,最终为地震作用后的结构的修复和抗震能力的评估提供分析基础。     

竖向收进钢束筒结构楼层地震损伤评估研究

为定量评估钢束筒结构地震后楼层的损伤情况,基于算例分析模型,采用有限元分析软件对两类不同竖向收进方式的3种钢束筒结构进行大震弹塑性时程分析。通过楼层的变形与能量分析,基于归一化的位移和塑性耗能双参数破坏模型,研究给出确定钢束筒结构地震下楼层损伤程度指标——楼层损伤因子计算公式,通过计算得到的楼层损伤程度与基于损伤现象确定的楼层损伤程度基本吻合,该计算公式可用于成束钢框筒结构楼层地震损伤程度的定量评估。钢束筒结构楼层通过灰色关联-逐步分析耦合模型评估的地震损伤程度与基于损伤现象确定的地震损伤程度一致,表明基于灰色关联-逐步分析耦合模型的楼层损伤程度评估方法可以准确地对楼层的地震损伤情况进行评估。     

考虑损伤累积的两次续发地震作用下钢筋混凝土#br# 框架结构整体损伤评估

针对结构整体损伤的评估,文中采用一个新的损伤模型即Ebrahimian模型,该模型只需提取相应的工程需求参数,如层间位移角等,即可计算结构的整体累积损伤。为验证该损伤模型的有效性,通过采用该损伤模型和应用较广泛的改进的Park损伤模型,研究分别在一次单一地震和两次续发地震作用下结构的损伤并进行比较,并以6层3跨RC框架结构为算例,分别针对2种单一地震工况和4种两次续发地震工况计算结构的损伤。研究结果表明：采用Ebrahimian损伤模型选取的参数较少,计算简便,由该模型计算的结构整体损伤变化趋势与改进的Park损伤模型相近,说明该模型可以较好地描述结构的整体损伤。与一次单一地震作用相比,两次续发地震作用下RC框架结构累积损伤效应明显,损伤水平显著提高。因此,在结构抗震分析设计中,有必要考虑可能的余震作用的影响。     

浅析填充墙竖向不规则布置对RC框架结构的地震损伤影响

从地震损伤的角度探讨了4种填充墙竖向不规则布置方式对框架结构抗震性能的影响。通过建立填充墙框架结构协同工作模型,对其进行地震作用下的损伤分析,研究和对比了各模型梁和柱的损伤情况。结果表明,填充墙不仅能以其破坏来减少结构的损伤,而且对在沿房屋高度方向产生刚度突变的楼层的损伤指数有着较大的影响,尤其是结构的薄弱层和顶层。笔者建议,工程设计人员应慎重处理填充墙在竖直方向不规则布置的方式,尽可能减小结构的地震损伤。     

地震作用下框架整体与局部损伤的相关性

根据框架结构耗散塑性变形能与存储弹性变形能能力的损失界定结构的整体损伤,根据塑性铰耗散塑性变形能能力的损失来界定局部损伤,并以拟力法为基础推导了局部损伤与整体损伤的解析表达式,进而讨论框架结构局部损伤与整体损伤的相关性。研究表明,控制框架结构整体损伤的手段有:减小局部损伤区域的强度衰减、提高局部损伤区域的极限转动能力和减小局部损伤区域的残余变形。其机理是通过提高局部损伤区域的耗能能力与约束能力来提高整个结构耗散与存储地震能量的能力;框架结构整体损伤与局部损伤的加权值较为接近,可以采用框架局部损伤的加权值来近似估计结构的整体损伤值。     

异形柱框架抗震性能研究

基于静力弹塑性分析方法和双参数地震损伤模型,对混凝土异形柱框架结构模型进行了分析研究。以Pushover方法对结构进行计算分析,得出结构在各地震烈度下的位移反应和构件塑性铰的发展、分布情况;采用Park-Ang模型并结合Pushover分析结果计算结构地震损伤指标,对异形柱框架的抗震性能进行了评估。为其工程实践提供了一定的理论参考依据。     

Seismic analysis of steel structures considering damage cumulation

The research on the development of a reliable analytical model for seismic analysis of steel structures is presented. The non-linear damage cumulation hysteretic model incorporating the deterioration of stiffness, strength and strain hardening for structural steel is proposed and validated. The complete loading history, energy dissipation and the effect of the maximum plastic strain are taken into account in the model. The constants in the model are determined from regression analysis of experimental results of simple standard tensile and cyclic tests. Finite element formulations for beam and structural solid element considering the damage cumulation are derived. A computer program capable of calculating the hysteretic model of steel members, predicting the damage state and crack initiation, and carrying out non-linear time history seismic analysis of steel structures is developed. Solutions obtained from the model are in good agreement with experimental results. It was demonstrated that the damage cumulation effect is considerable and important in structural seismic analysis.     

Probabilistic assessment of earthquake insurance rates for important structures: Application to Gumusova–Gerede motorway

A probabilistic model is presented for the assessment of the earthquake insurance rates for important engineering structures, for which the seismic losses could be quite significant. The proposed model is used to estimate the earthquake insurance premiums for the structures taking place in the Bolu Mountain Crossing in the Gumusova–Gerede motorway Section, Turkey. The model requires two types of studies, namely: seismic hazard analysis and estimation of potential damage to structures based on damage probability matrices (DPM). The computations are carried out according to the proposed model by using the seismic hazard results and the best estimate DPM’s developed in the study and the annual pure risk premiums are obtained for the different components of the motorway system by making a distinction between sections completed and sections under construction.     

一种新型的混凝土结构双参数地震损伤模型

在结构的抗震设计、未来震害预测、震后经济损失评估等过程中,一个重要的任务就是选择合理的反应量建立结构损伤评估模型,以定量计算出结构在地震过程中的损伤指标。在分析现有的损伤参数以及几种双参数地震破坏准则的基础上,结合损伤力学的基本原理,提出了一种新型的混凝土结构双参数地震损伤模型,并根据已有的实验结果确定了模型参数。     

Reliability analyses of meteoroid loading on lunar structures

A distribution for the mass of the meteoroids is developed from flux equations assuming a homogeneous filtered Poisson process. Other random variable information required for analyses are derived from data or taken from literature. First-order, second-moment reliability analyses are performed for complete penetration of a meteoroid through exposed and covered lunar structures. Several failure functions are used to model this high speed impact event. Cumulative damage by meteoroid impacts to a radiation cover and an exposed structure are also examined. The results show cumulative damage may be a problem for structures with long design lives.     

再生混凝土框架结构地震作用下随机损伤与评估分析

通过对缩尺比例为1∶4的3层再生混凝土框架结构模型双向输入模拟振动台试验结果的分析,研究了该结构频率、阻尼以及层间位移角的变化情况。结果表明：该再生混凝土框架结构具有良好的抗震性能。综合考虑再生混凝土框架结构X、Y向不同频率、阻尼比、刚度、结构振型以及不同的结构形式与自振频率的测试方法,提出了相应的再生混凝土框架整体结构损伤模型;基于该损伤模型对该再生混凝土框架结构破坏等级的分析,结合现行相关规范要求,建立了再生混凝土框架结构破坏等级划分;拟合了再生混凝土框架结构损伤指标的计算式。研究结果表明：提出的损伤模型与试验现象基本吻合,能够用于再生混凝土框架结构震后损伤与定量评估分析。     

Damage detection in beam-like structures using static shear energy redistribution

In this study, a static shear energy algorithm is presented for the damage assessment of beam-like structures. According to the energy release principle, the strain energy of a damaged element suddenly changes when structural damage occurs. Therefore, the change in the static shear energy is employed to determine the damage locations in beam-like structures. The static shear energy is derived from the spectral factorization of the elementary stiffness matrix and structural deflection variation. The advantage of using shear energy as opposed to total energy is that only a few deflection data points of the beam structure are required during the process of damage identification. Another advantage of the proposed approach is that damage detection can be performed without establishing a structural finite-element model in advance. The proposed technique is first validated using a numerical example with single, multiple, and adjacent damage scenarios. A channel steel beam and rectangular concrete beam are employed as experimental cases to further verify the proposed approach. The results of the simulation and experiment examples indicate that the proposed algorithm provides a simple and effective method for defect localization in beam-like structures.     

Uncertainty in Damage Assessment of Structures and Its Numerical Simulation

Supporting structures are subject to damage processes during their service lifetime. Damage may occur in the form of material or structural damage during the loading process. The parameters for describing damage are modeled as fuzzy values in the computational model. Damage is modeled by means of a fuzzy damage indicator, which assesses changes in stiffness as a result of damage. The damage indicator is applied for assessing damage development in plane reinforced concrete framework structures. Damage assessment with the aid of the introduced fuzzy damage indicator is demonstrated by way of two examples.     

基于振型损伤的高层建筑结构地震破坏准则

针对高层建筑结构在地震作用下的地震损伤现象,参考国内外房屋建筑结构的损伤分析模型,本文以地震作用下高层建筑结构各阶振型对应的损伤指数为基础,建立了新的高层建筑结构地震破坏准则,通过这些准则计算分析了国内21幢高层建筑结构模拟地震振动台试验模型,并结合振动台试验结果划定了按这些准则进行计算时各种结构破坏状态对应的破损指数范围。探讨了在基于性能的抗震设计中如何应用这些准则的原理与方法,并以日美联合足尺实验模型为例作了说明与论证。