Ti600高温钛合金中析出物与蠕变性能的关系

根据Ti600合金中析出物的特点,设计5种热处理工艺,研究不同热处理工艺下合金的蠕变性能。结果表明:Ti600合金经1060℃固溶处理后,随着时效时间的延长,蠕变过程中动态析出效应逐渐减弱,合金对应的抗蠕变性能增强。在时效过程中,当有α2相形成时,合金具有最强的蠕变强化效应。Si元素无论是以固溶状态还是以析出状态存在,都具有蠕变强化作用,但固溶状态的强化效果优于析出状态的。固溶后时效时间的不同表明Ti600合金存在不同程度的蠕变动态析出强化效应,但是这种强化效应也伴随着析出物形成过程的扩散效应,这种扩散效应抵消了动态析出的强化效果。因此,为了强化蠕变性能,合金应该在充分时效的情况下使用。     

生物医用Ti-Nb-(Ta)-Zr合金的微观结构与性能

采用显微硬度测试、X射线衍射分析和透射电子显微镜观察等方法,研究不同热处理后生物医用Ti-35Nb-5Ta-7Zr合金和Ti-35Nb-7Zr合金的显微硬度变化及微观组织特征,揭示Ta元素的添加对合金微观结构、时效析出序列及性能的影响。结果表明:Ti-35Nb-5Ta-7Zr合金比Ti-35Nb-7Zr合金具有更明显的时效强化效果;固溶处理(ST)后经300和600℃时效处理,Ti-35Nb-5Ta-7Zr合金的时效析出顺序可以描述为β+α″(ST)300℃→β+α600℃→β+α+等温ω,而Ti-35Nb-7Zr合金的时效析出顺序为β+α″+淬火ω(ST)300℃→β+α+等温ω600℃→β+α;Ta元素的添加抑制固溶处理过程中淬火ω相的析出,提高时效过程中等温ω相的析出温度。     

二级时效处理对Ti-3Al-7Fe合金组织和硬度的影响

研究了二级时效对Ti-3Al-7Fe合金组织和硬度的影响。结果表明,合金经889℃×40 min固溶并第一级时效(350℃)+第二级时效(600℃×8 h)处理后,合金组织中析出的α相弥散分布,未出现与β相混合的片状α相;第一级时效为300℃时,二级时效处理也能使合金组织中析出较多α相,但是α相发生聚集,合金组织不均匀;单级时效处理和第一级时效分别为400、450℃的二级时效处理后,Ti-3Al-7Fe合金组织中在晶界及亚晶界附近出现了夹杂残余β相的片状α相,且合金的组织不均匀。单级时效处理和二级时效处理后,合金的硬度较固溶处理具有较高的硬度。     

固溶时效对Ti-6Cr-5V-5Mo-4Al-1Nb合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了固溶温度、时效温度、时效时间对Ti-6Cr-5V-5Mo-4Al-1Nb(Ti-65541)合金显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,在β相变点以上固溶并时效后,合金中析出细小的次生α相,初生α相完全消失;在较低温度固溶并时效后,次生α相和初生α相同时存在。时效温度对合金强度和塑性的影响最为显著,固溶温度次之,时效时间的影响最弱。随着时效温度的升高,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度降低,塑性提高。随着固溶温度的提高,合金的强度提高,塑性降低。随着时效时间的延长,合金强度和塑性总体呈降低趋势。在740～760℃范围内固溶处理,在540～580℃范围内时效且时效时间在4～6 h内,可获得综合性能优异的Ti-65541合金。     

固溶温度对Ti-1300合金组织与性能的影响

研究了Ti-1300合金经不同温度固溶处理和固溶+时效处理后的组织和性能。结果表明:Ti-1300合金在固溶处理后,随着固溶温度升高,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐降低,断面收缩率先升高后降低,断后伸长率有所升高。Ti-1300合金在850℃固溶处理可获得最佳的综合性能。通过固溶和时效处理,Ti-1300合金硬度随着固溶温度的升高而增大。当固溶处理在相变点以下时,β相中时效析出次生αs相较粗大;而固溶处理在相变点以上时,β相中时效析出次生αs相较细小且均匀。     

一种新型亚稳定β钛合金的组织与性能研究

研究了一种新型的亚稳定β钛合金在α β两相区固溶时效处理(850℃×1h AC 600℃x6h AC)、β区固溶时效(880℃×lh AC 600℃×6h AC)、α β和β双重处理(850℃×0.5 h→880℃×0.5h AC 600℃×6h AC)3种热处理状态下的显微组织与力学性能.结果表明,850℃固溶处理没有改变原始加工态组织形貌;880℃固溶的显微组织为再结晶晶粒,低温时效后析出少量的α相;β (α β)双重处理后的显微组织为再结晶的β晶粒内析出较多的α相.无论在α β区还是在β区固溶时效处理,该合金都具有很好的强度短线塑性匹配关系,且达到了很高的强度级别;再结晶对于提高合金的断裂韧性有利,但从保持合金塑性的角度,固溶温度不宜选择在β温度区.因此将固溶温度定在α β两相区的接近β相变点的850℃是相对合理的.     

时效温度对Ti1023和Ti5553合金微观组织与析出硬化的影响规律

研究了Ti1023和Ti5553钛合金经过固溶与低温时效处理(ST-SQA)获得的微观组织和析出硬化行为。采用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了不同温度时效处理后α相的析出形貌以及分布特点,统计了时效析出次生α相的析出密度和宽度随时效温度的变化情况,并测试了合金的维氏硬度。结果表明:Ti1023合金时效处理时次生α的析出温度低于Ti 5553合金。Ti1023合金在300℃时效时α相已经析出,400℃时效时α相析出密度到达峰值;Ti5553合金在450～500℃时效α相开始析出,在550℃时效α相的析出密度达到峰值。Ti1023合金硬度随着时效温度的增加先升后降,400℃时效硬度最高;在相同的时效温度范围,Ti5553合金硬度变化出现双峰规律,硬度峰值分别对应于350和550℃时效温度。2种合金的硬度变化规律源于合金时效中第二相的析出行为:时效温度低于400℃,Ti1023合金的硬度取决于α相和ω相,而Ti5553合金的硬度取决于ω相;时效温度高于400℃,2种合金的硬度均主要取决于次生α相的数量与尺寸。     

时效温度对Ti1023和Ti5553合金a相析出行为与力学性能的影响规律

本文研究了Ti1023和Ti5553钛合金经过固溶与低温时效处理(ST-SQA)获得的微观组织和析出硬化行为。采用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了不同温度时效处理后α相的析出形貌以及分布特点,统计了时效析出次生α相的析出密度和宽度随时效温度的变化情况,并测试了合金的维氏硬度。结果表明： Ti1023合金时效处理时次生α的析出温度低于Ti 5553合金。Ti1023合金在300℃时效时α相已经析出,400℃时α相析出密度到达峰值;Ti5553合金在450-500℃时效α相开始析出,在550℃时效α相的析出密度达到峰值。Ti1023合金硬度随着时效温度的增加先升后降,400℃时效硬度最高;在相同的时效温度范围,Ti5553合金硬度变化出现双峰规律,硬度峰值分别对应于350℃和550℃时效温度。两种合金的硬度变化规律源于合金时效中第二相的析出行为：时效温度低于400℃,Ti1023合金的硬度取决于α相和?相,而Ti5553合金的硬度取决于?相;温度高于400℃,两种合金的硬度主要取决于次生α相的数量与尺寸。     

β型Ti40阻燃钛合金高温长期作用的第二相及其对性能的影响

研究了β型Ti40阻燃钛合金高温长期作用的第二相及其对性能影响，Ti40合金高温长期作用后，从β相中析出Ti5Si3相和α相，采用常规锻造工艺不高于540℃热暴露100h,Ti5Si3相沿晶界不连续分布，降低合金热稳定性能，700℃热暴露100h，Ti5Si3相明显，大大降低合金热稳定性能，合金呈脆性沿晶界断裂，采用等温锻造工艺540℃热暴露100h，晶内析出粗大的Ti5Si3相和α相，热稳定性能严重降低，呈宏观脆性断裂，采用常规锻造工艺合适的热处理制度，540℃，100h,250MPa蠕变作用后Ti5Si3相沿晶界不连续分布，合金有较好的蠕变性能，若热处理工艺不当，合金中有大量粗大的棒状Ti5Si3相和α相析出，Ti5Si3 相沿晶界连续分布，合金的蠕变抗力明显降低，采用等温锻造工艺蠕变作用后，合金中析出大量粗大的α相，合金蠕变抗力也明显降低。     

Ti40合金热稳定性能的初步研究

研究了热处理制度和少量合金元素Si对β型阻燃钛合金Ti40热稳定性的影响.结果表明含0.2%Si的合金,固溶温度越高,热暴露后析出的Ti5Si3相越粗大,明显降低合金热稳定性能.820℃/0.5 h,WQ+600℃/5 h,AC热处理后,与无暴露相比,含0.2%Si的合金热暴露后析出的Ti5Si3相使合金塑性明显下降;与不含Si的合金相比,含0.2%Si的合金热稳定性能较差.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.