世界钛资源分布及利用现状

钛是生产生活中必不可少的元素,既可用于制造各类性能优异的合金材料,又可广泛应用于涂料、塑料、造纸、化纤等工业生产。自然界中含钛矿物众多,但具有工业价值的仅10余种,其中具有大规模生产利用价值的主要为金红石、钛铁矿、钒钛磁铁矿等。世界钛矿资源主要分布于中国、南非、加拿大、俄罗斯、澳大利亚等国家和地区。各类钛矿在各国分布具有较大差异,我国钛矿资源主要为钒钛磁铁矿,不同矿种需要不同的选冶工艺。     

中国的钛资源分布及特点

我国钛资源非常丰富，是世界钛资源大国，其储量位于世界前列，约占世界钛储量的48％。我国钛矿床的矿石工业类型比较齐全，既有原生矿也有次生矿，原生钒钛磁铁矿为我国的主要工业类型。钛铁矿占我国钛资源总储量的98％，金红石仅占2％。本文主要论述我国钛资源地理分布概况、钛矿床类型及特点。     

新疆巴楚县钛资源综合回收利用技术取得突破性进展

新疆巴楚县的钒钛磁铁矿原矿中铁、钛含量均相对较低,其中TFe 18.34%、TiO28.11%。其主要金属矿物为钛磁铁矿、钛铁矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿等;矿石主要结构类型为自形晶-半自形晶、稀疏粒状结构、固溶体分解结构和不规则它形结构;主要构造类型为中等浸染状构造和星散浸染状构造。且原矿中的主要矿物(钛磁铁矿、钛铁矿、     

钛渣制备二氧化钛技术发展现状

我国钛资源丰富,但钛矿品位低,钙、镁等杂质含量高,且有一半的钛资源是以类质同象形式赋存于钒钛磁铁矿中,难以利用,因此需通过冶炼形成钛渣后再用于提取二氧化钛。同时,钛铁矿直接用于硫酸法生产钛白粉会产生大量硫酸亚铁,造成资源浪费和环境污染,而通过制备钛渣后再用于提取二氧化钛则可综合利用钛铁矿中的铁,减少硫酸亚铁的产生和硫酸消耗,是未来的发展趋势。目前钛渣制备二氧化钛的方法主要有盐酸法、氯化法、传统硫酸法、混合法、加碱活化焙烧法、磷酸活化焙烧法、硫酸氢铵活化焙烧法和微波法等。     

中钛型钒钛磁铁矿矿焦混装试验研究

目前针对钒钛磁铁矿高温冶金性能的研究多集中在攀钢高钛型钒钛磁铁矿,中钛型钒钛磁铁矿的研究相对匮乏。高炉冶炼中钛型钒钛磁铁矿存在如透气性差、V收得率低等问题。为提高中钛型钒钛磁铁矿的高炉冶炼水平,系统考察了矿焦混装对中钛型钒钛矿综合炉料的软化区间、熔融区间、软熔带、收缩率、料柱透气性以及V收得率的影响。结果表明:当混装率在0～50%时,随着混装率的提高,综合炉料的软化区间变窄,熔化区间先变窄后加宽,软熔带位置下移,V的收得率先降低后升高;当混装率超过50%后,软化区间变宽,熔化区间变窄,软熔带区间明显变窄且位置下移,V的收得率先降低后升高。料柱透气性随混装率升高而明显改善。综合考虑软熔滴落性能和V的收得率等因素,确定适宜的矿焦混装率为50%。     

攀枝花钛资源深加工探讨

攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿极为丰富.钛在钒钛磁铁矿中占据了相当大的价值比,据资料表明,钛占总价值的50.34%,而铁仅占4.3%,     

钒钛磁铁矿熔态还原速度与渣相结构的关系

研究了钒钛磁铁矿熔态还原速度与渣相结构的关系，分析了钒钛磁铁矿熔态还原渣相结构的变化特征，讨论了钒钛磁铁矿熔态还原速度产生多峰特性的机制。结果表明，无铁浴时，钒钛磁铁矿熔态还原速度呈三峰特性，有铁浴时呈双峰特性，第一峰是磁铁矿还原产生的，第二峰主要是铁氧化物还原为金属Ｆｅ的结果，第三峰主要由钛氧化物还原为低价Ｔｉ和金属Ｔｉ及形成ＴｉＮ，ＴｉＣ所产生。     

GL—2型螺旋选矿机研制与应用

中国攀西地区含有丰富的铁、钛、钻、镍、钒等有色和稀散金属,其中TiO_2储量占全国95%以上.攀枝花矿区是攀西地区四大矿之一,该矿区属原生钒钛磁铁矿与钛铁矿类型.目前,回收钛铁矿采用重选和电选方法,重选使用FLX—1型φ600mm铸铁螺旋选矿机和φ1200mm螺旋溜槽,其处理能力和选矿指标远远满足不了生产发展的要求,因此迫切需要采用新型、高效的重选设备.     

钒钛磁铁矿熔分高钛渣酸浸富集研究

针对钒钛磁铁矿熔分高钛渣Ti O2品位较低、经济提取价值较小的现状,以废盐酸为浸出剂,研究了渣中Ti O2采用湿法浸出技术的富集控制规律,重点考察了浸出时间、浸出温度、盐酸浓度及酸渣质量比等对Ti、Ca、Mg、Al浸出过程的影响。实验结果表明,较优的浸出富集工艺条件为:浸出时间3h;浸出温度70℃;盐酸浓度4.5mol/L;酸渣质量比0.5,富集后熔分高钛渣(富集渣)中Ti O2品位为70.74%,Ti回收率较高,在溶液中损失的钛只有2.14%,达到了浸出富集的目的。     

一种新型钒钛磁铁矿电炉渣硫酸高效酸浸方法

钒钛磁铁矿电炉渣由于杂质含量高且钛含量低而难以酸解。本文介绍了一种新型钒钛磁铁矿电炉渣硫酸高效酸浸方法,通过强化硫酸酸解条件并采用废酸进行二次酸浸,能够大幅提高钒钛磁铁矿电炉渣中钛的提取率,最终得到的酸浸渣中二氧化钛质量分数仅为3.14%,黑钛石基本反应完全。该工艺方法为难酸解钛渣提供了一种较为经济环保的硫酸高效酸浸方法。     

Preparation of titanium mineral from vanadium titanomagnetite concentrates by hydrogen reduction and acid leaching

Titanium mineral was prepared from vanadium titanomagnetite concentrates by hydrogen reduction and acid leaching. The leaching behaviors of elements like Fe, V, Mn, Al, Mg, Ca, and Si were highly related to the reduction degree. The phase compositions of the reduced materials and the leached residues were analyzed by XRD to identify the effect of reduction degree on the leaching mechanisms. The results showed that the concentrates were reduced to iron metal and titanomagnetite at 800?1000 °C for 0.5 h, and the above elements of Fe and impurities were easily leached. Deeper reduction led to the formation of ilmenite and Mg?Al spinel, which hindered leaching. Mg-bearing anosovite appeared in the further reduced materials, and the leaching rates of impurities became much lower. An upgraded titanium mineral with a normalized TiO₂ grade of 70.3% was achieved by H₂ reduction at 850 °C for 0.5 h and acid leaching, which is a satisfactory Ti resource for the preparation of titanium oxide by sulfate process.     

Dynamic stress–strain properties of Ti–Al–V titanium alloys with various element contents

A series of Ti–Al–V titanium alloy bars with nominal composition Ti–7Al–5V ELI,Ti–5Al–3V ELI,commercial Ti–6Al–4V ELI and commercial Ti–6Al–4V were prepared.These alloys were then heat treated to obtain bimodal or equiaxed microstructures with various contents of primary a phase.Dynamic compression properties of the alloys above were studied by split Hopkinson pressure bar system at strain rates from 2,000 to 4,000 s-1.The results show that Ti–6Al–4V alloy with equiaxed primary a(ap)volume fraction of 45 vol%or 67 vol%exhibits good dynamic properties with high dynamic strength and absorbed energy,as well as an acceptable dynamic plasticity.However,all the Ti53ELI specimens and Ti64ELI specimens with ap of 65 vol%were not fractured at a strain rate of4,000 s-1.It appears that the undamaged specimens still have load-bearing capability.Dynamic strength of Ti–Al–V alloy can be improved as the contents of elements Al,V,Fe,and O increase,while dynamic strain is not sensitive to the composition in the appropriate range.The effects of primary alpha volume fraction on the dynamic properties are dependent on the compositions of Ti–Al–V alloys.     

捕收剂苯乙烯膦酸酯在钛铁矿浮选中的吸附机理（英文）

采用捕收剂苯乙烯膦酸酯(SPE)提高钛铁矿浮选效率,揭示相关作用机理并建立吸附模型。单矿物浮选试验结果表明,SPE在钛铁矿浮选中表现出比传统苯乙烯膦酸(SPA)更强的捕收能力。Zeta电位测定结果显示,SPE和SPA都能使钛铁矿的Zeta电位负向移动,而SPE的作用效果比SPA更加明显,表明SPE在钛铁矿表面的吸附更强。X射线光电子能谱分析证实了SPA和SPE在钛铁矿的Fe/Ti位点上的化学吸附作用。前沿轨道理论分析结果表明,SPE的化学活性比SPA的高。局部态密度分析结果表明,两种捕收剂的PO—H基团可与钛铁矿的Ti/Fe原子相互作用,从而在钛铁矿表面生成一个稳定的四元环。捕收剂与(104)钛铁矿表面的结合模型显示,SPE的吸附能量高于SPA的。综上所述,SPE对钛铁矿浮选的捕收能力和作用效果均优于SPA的,具有在工业上替代SPA的潜力。     

Reduction mechanism of natural ilmenite with graphite

Reduction of Bama ilmenite concentrate containing 49.78% TiO2 and 27.96% total Fe by graphite was studied using thermogravimetric analysis system under argon gas ambient from 850 to 1 400 ℃. The reduction degree of Bama ilmenite is enhanced with increasing temperature and the molar ratio of carbon to oxygen, and the reaction rate varies with temperature and reduction time simultaneously. The phase transformation, chemical composition, microstructure and morphology of reduced samples were investigated by using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy disperse spectroscopy, respectively. The high content of impurities in Bama ilmenite evidently bates the reduction of ilmenite. Forming the enrichment zone of manganese prevents complete reduction of Fe^2＋. The reduction products are mostly reduced iron, rutile, reduced rutiles, Ti3O5 and pseudobrookite solid solution. The reduction kinetics was also discussed. The results show that the reduction temperature is a key factor to control reaction rate.     

Effect of atmosphere on the synthesis of potassium titanate

Potassium titanate (K4Ti3O8) was synthesized by the reaction between ilmenite and concentrated KOH solution in the atmosphere of nitrogen,still air, and oxygen, respectively. The obtained samples were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results indicate that K4Ti3O8 have been synthesized in different atmospheres. The oxidizing atmosphere could enhance the conversion rate of Ti from ilmenite to K4Ti3O8, and Fe(Ⅱ) is easily oxidized to trivalent iron Fe(Ⅲ) during the reaction. Furthermore, SEM images show that the different atmospheres have significant effect on K4Ti3O8 crystal morphology and particle size. Well shaped K4Ti3O8 crystals are obtained in nonoxidizing atmosphere.     

Effect of Ilmenite Component and AIR on Element Distribution of Titanium Slag Smelted by DC Arc Furnace

助化学平衡计算法,对冶炼过程中钛、碳及伴生元素的分配行为进行了研究,并用生产结果加以验证,计算结果与实验结果较吻合。结果表明:钛铁矿中Ti O2和Fe O含量的增加,增加了作为微量元素和用于还原Fe O和Ti O2的C量,提高了钛渣中总的Ti O2和Ti2O3的量,同时降低了用于还原Fe2O3的C量,降低了钛渣中Fe O的含量。当钛渣中Fe2O3含量由12%增加到20%时,作为微量元素C和用于还原Fe2O3的C量分别降低了0.006 mol和0.348 mol,钛渣中总的Ti O2和Ti2O3的量分别降低了8.34%和2.37%,而用于还原Fe2O3的C量增加了约0.36 mol,Fe O的质量分数增加了8.94%。其他成分对钛渣中总的Ti O2量的影响程度由大到小排序为:Si O2>Mg O>Al2O3>Ca O。对钛渣还原冶炼过程中元素分配行为的研究,可实现对工艺的更好控制、提高钛渣品位。     

尼日利亚钛铁矿的矿物学特征和浸出行为

研究尼日利亚钛铁矿矿物学特征和经机械活化和碱性焙烧处理后的浸出行为。研究了 NaOH/矿石比、H2SO4浓度、浸出和焙烧温度对钛回收率的影响。结果表明,机械活化对钛铁矿石的浸出有明显的增强作用。钛铁矿经机械活化后,加入60%NaOH在850°C下焙烧,在温度为90°C,经60%H2SO4浸出4 h下的浸出率为72%。对焙烧矿、水处理后残渣和酸浸滤渣的XRD物相分析证实了反应机理和实验结果。     

Effects of Cr and Fe Addition on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Ti–6Al–4V Prepared by Direct Energy Deposition

The effects of Cr and Fe addition on the mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloys prepared by direct energy deposition were investigated. As the Cr and Fe concentrations were increased from 0 to 2 mass%, the tensile strength increased because of the fine-grained equiaxed prior β phase and martensite. An excellent combination of strength and ductility was obtained in these alloys. When the Cr and Fe concentrations were increased to 4 mass%, extremely fine-grained martensitic structures with poor ductility were obtained. In addition, Fe-added Ti–6Al–4V resulted in a partially melted Ti–6Al–4V powder because of the large difference between the melting temperatures of the Fe eutectic phase (Ti–33Fe) and the Ti–6Al–4V powder, which induced the formation of a thick liquid layer surrounding Ti–6Al–4V. The ductility of Fe-added Ti–6Al–4V was thus poorer than that of Cr-added Ti–6Al–4V.     

熔盐中电解钛铁矿制备TiFe合金

通过在CaCl2熔盐中电解钛铁矿制备TiFe合金,研究了熔盐电解钛铁矿的反应过程,分析了电解产物的成分及电解效率。结果显示,钛铁矿的还原经历了优先生成Fe到逐步形成TiFe2、TiFe的合金化历程,中间产物包括 CaTiO3、Fe2TiO4、TiO。反应最先生成的合金是TiFe2合金,通过Ti和TiFe2的互扩散最终转变成TiFe合金, 说明扩散是反应的控制步骤。相同电解条件下,钛铁矿较混合氧化物难电解。这是由于钛铁矿颗粒较大,其杂质是固溶到钛酸铁中的,脱氧更难,电解效率较低     

First principles study of site substitution of ternary elements in NiAl

Site substitution of ternary elements in ordered compounds influences the electronic structure and hence the properties of compounds at the continuous level. The electronic structure and binding energy of a number of NiAl-X alloy systems (X=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, Si, Ga, or Ge) were calculated using the discrete variational cluster method based on the local density approximation of the density functional theory. The site preference of the ternary additions to NiAl was investigated by employing the Bragg–Williams model to analyse the calculated binding energy. The results show that all the considered ternary elements possess stronger preference to the Al sublattice sites than a Ni atom does. A new method of identifying sublattice substitution of ternary additions in NiAl was proposed by comparison of the binding energies per atom of the ternary and the binary clusters involving the fourth nearest neighbours. The analysis suggests that Fe and Co atoms occupy the Ni sublattice sites, whereas Si, Ga and Ti atoms occupy the Al sublattice sites. The remaining elements may substitute for both sublattices: Mn is most likely to go for the Ni sublattice; V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W and Ge have a larger preference for the Al sublattice, but Cr and W do not show significant preference to any sublattice. The densities of states involving alloying additions of Co, Si and Cr were further investigated to clarify the site preference of the alloying additions.