化学镀Ni—W—P合金工艺开发及其耐蚀性能

以镀速和耐蚀性能作为判据，通过正交试验获得了较优的三元Ni—W-P合金镀层工艺，即镀液组成：硫酸镍30g／L，次亚磷酸钠25-30g／L，钨酸钠50g／L，柠檬酸钠75g／L，乳酸15mL／L，硫酸铵30g／L和添加剂20mg／L；pH值9．0和镀液温度（90±2）℃．电化学测试结果表明，Ni—W—P镀层的耐蚀性能优于...     

Ni-P-纳米TiO2复合镀层的耐蚀性研究

采用全浸泡腐蚀试验，系统研究了Ni—P-纳米TiO2复合镀层在HCl、H2SO4、HNO3、NaOH和NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明，Ni—P-纳米TiO2复合镀层比Ni—P化学镀层具有更优异的耐酸、耐碱、耐盐腐蚀的性能；复合镀层在盐和碱性腐蚀液中的耐蚀性优于酸性腐蚀液；Ni—P一纳米TiO2复合镀层在不同腐蚀液中的腐蚀形态明显不同，复合镀层在NaOH、NaCl和HCl溶液中的腐蚀形态为均匀腐蚀型，而在H2SO4和HNO3强氧化性介质中的腐蚀形态则为点蚀穿透型；保持镀层在腐蚀液中的完整性对提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能至关重要。     

TiO2复合膜的耐蚀性能研究

采用化学镀／溶胶－凝胶复合法在碳钢表面制备TiO2复合膜，用X射线衍射法研究复合膜的组织形态，采用环境扫描电镜（ESEM）表征了复合膜的表观形貌，用极化阻力、电化学阻抗谱测量等方法研究了TiO2复合膜在0．5mol/L硫酸和0．5mol/L氯化钠溶液中的耐蚀性能。结果表明A3钢表面的TiO2复合膜耐蚀性能优良。     

Ni—P—SiC复合镀层的研究

本文用板泵法以发动机缸套为应用对象研究了Ni—P—SiC复合镀屠的施镀工艺．镀层的性能。镀液的最佳配方为NiSO4·6HO250g／l，NiCl2·6H2O 40g／l，H3BO 35g／l，H3PO3 20g／l，添加剂2-3g／l，SiC(1—3μm)100g／l．工艺条件为：温度60℃，pH：2．5，电流密度5A／dm^2。镀层镀态硬度HV700-800，400℃热处理后HV1100。施镀中存在阳极钝化现象，用含S活性Ni阳极是解决问题的较佳方法。在MM-200磨损实验机上，将Ni—P镀层和Ni—P—SiC镀层作了对比，在SRN磨损实验机上将Ni-P-SiC镀层和硬Cr镀层作了比较。结果表明．Ni-P-SiC比Ni—P镀层耐磨5～10倍而与硬Cr相当。     

化学镀Ni—P合金

技术特点：非晶镀Ni—P合金通称为化学镀Ni—P合金．是近些年发展起来的一种表面处理技术。它利用镀液的自催化反应，无需通电即可在金属表面或非金属表面上沉积一层Ni—P合金。这种镀层致密、孔隙少，镀层结构为非晶状态．具有很好的耐蚀性。在某些介质中的抗蚀性优于不锈钢，     

n-Al2O3/Ni-P复合电刷镀层的组织及摩擦磨损特性

研究了镍磷基纳米Al2O3复合电刷镀层(n—Al2O3／Ni-P)的组织特征及摩擦磨损特性，并与镍磷合金刷镀层进行了比较。结果表明：n—Al2O3／Ni—P复合刷镀层表面粗糙度更小，组织有明显的细化倾向；当镀液中n—Al2O3含量为20g／L时，复合刷镀层的硬度最高，达561HV，是Ni-P镀层硬度的1．3倍，此时复合镀层的耐磨性也最好，磨损失重相比于Ni—P镀层，减少60％以上。     

TiO2复合膜在0.5mol/L硫酸溶液中的耐蚀机理探讨

采用化学镀／溶胶—凝胶复合法在碳钢表面制备TiO2复合膜，采用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)表征了复合膜的表观形貌和断面形态。用恒电位阶跃、电化学阻抗谱等方法研究TiO2复合膜在0．5mol／L硫酸溶液中的耐蚀性能，结果表明，形成复合膜后，碳钢表面的耐蚀性能优良。结合环境扫描电镜的元素面扫描结果，初步探讨了TiO2复合膜在0．5mol／L硫酸溶液中的耐蚀机理。     

化学镀Ni—W—P合金镀层耐磨耐蚀性研究

通过对化学镀Ｎｉ—Ｐ层进行合金化，获得了一种含Ｗ９．７％．Ｐ５．９％的Ｎｉ—Ｗ—Ｐ三元合金镀层。研究表明该镀层具有良好的热稳定性，在６００℃×１ｈ热处理后，其硬度值达到峰值（约为ＨＶ（１００）１０６０）；其耐磨性优于Ｎｉ—Ｐ镀层；在１Ｎ的ＨＣｌ溶液中，和Ｎｉ—Ｐ层比较，其耐蚀性稍差。     

激光熔覆Ni2Si／Ni3Si2金属硅化物合金涂层显微组织与耐蚀性

以Ni76Si24（质量百分数）合金粉末为原料，利用激光熔覆技术在A3钢表面制得了组织由条件Ni2Si初生相及少量Ni2Si/Ni3Si2共晶组成的新型金属硅化物合金涂层，分析涂层显微组织并测定其在0．5mol/1 H2SO4水溶液及不同浓度NaCl水溶液中的阳极极化曲线，结果表明激光熔覆Ni2Si/Ni3Si2金属硅化物合金涂层表面平整，组织细小，与基体为完全冶金结合，同时由于涂层的组织组成相Ni3Si2本身均具有极好的耐蚀性并具有快速凝固细小均匀的显微组织，该激光熔覆Ni2Si/Ni3Si2金属硅化物合金涂层在0．5mol/l H2SO4及3．5％NaCl水溶液中均具有优良的耐蚀性能。     

非晶态Ni—Mo—P层的组织结构与晶化过程

用化学沉积方法在酸性镀液中获得了Ni—Mo—P非晶镀层，运用能谱仪、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对该镀层非晶结构的形成、成分与结构及其晶化过程进行了分析，并与Ni—P镀层进行了对比。结果表明，Ni—Mo—P镀层比Ni—P镀层晶化温度高，热稳定性好。热处理后Ni—Mo—P镀层在500℃时硬度达到最高值。随着热处理温度的升高，镀层的形貌和性能也发生了相应的变化。     

Fabrication of various electroless Ni-P alloy/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite films on an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin

Ni-P alloy/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite films were fabricated on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin by electroless plating and their microstructures, adhesion strengths, and friction properties were investigated. Various types of MWCNTs were used. In addition, various electroless plating baths were prepared to form Ni-P alloy matrices with various phosphorus contents. To enhance the adhesion strength, the ABS resin substrate was subjected to roughening treatment. The microstructures of the composite films were examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Their adhesion strengths were measured by tensile tests. The friction properties of the composite films were investigated using the ball-on-plate method. Ni-P alloy/MWCNT composite films containing various types of MWCNTs and with Ni-P alloy matrices having various phosphorus contents were fabricated on the ABS resin substrates by electroless deposition. The adhesion strength between the Ni-P alloy/MWCNT composite films and the ABS resin substrate was more than 1300 N cm^− 2. The Ni-P alloy/MWCNT composite films had considerably lower friction coefficients than the Ni-P alloy films. The friction coefficients of the composite films were significantly affected by the type of MWCNTs used.     

Primary investigation of corrosion resistance of Ni-P/TiO2 composite film on sintered NdFeB permanent magnet

In this paper, an electroless nickel plating and sol-gel combined technique used to prepare the Ni-P/TiO₂ composite film on sintered NdFeB permanent magnet is described and the composite film was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The corrosion resistance of Ni-P/TiO₂ film was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The self-corrosion current density (i_corr) of Ni-P/TiO₂ composite film is 2.38μA/cm² in 0.5mol/L H₂SO₄ solution about 33% of that of Ni-P coating and 0.22μA/cm² in 0.5mol/L NaCl solution about 14% of that of Ni-P coating, respectively. In 0.5mol/L H₂SO₄ and 0.5mol/L NaCl solutions, the polarization resistance (Rp) of the composite film is 12.5kΩ cm² and 120kΩ cm², about 1.6 and 2 times that of Ni-P coating, respectively. The results indicate that Ni-P/TiO₂ composite film has a better corrosion resistance than Ni-P coating.     

Preparation and characterization of electroless Ni-P-Fe3O4 composite coatings and evaluation of its high temperature oxidation behaviour

Ni-P coatings modified with synthetic magnetite were prepared by electroless technique from a Ni-P plating bath containing magnetite powder. The coatings morphology was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The corrosion resistance at room temperature of the Ni-P films modified with magnetite was evaluated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), where the composite films exhibited a better behaviour. The films resistance to high temperature oxidation was evaluated by cyclic oxidation tests, SEM/EDS and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), where the coating with iron oxides appears to be more protective.     

Ni-P-纳米TiO_2化学复合镀层

研究了化学复合镀Ni–P–纳米TiO2粒子涂层的工艺过程和涂层性能。结果显示超声分散再加上表面活性剂可以使TiO2粒子得到充分分散。所获得的Ni–P–纳米TiO2粒子复合涂层和Ni–P合金涂层相比具有更高的硬度和高温抗氧化性能。镀层热处理后,Ni–P–纳米TiO2粒子复合涂层的硬化峰值出现在500 左右。化学镀Ni–P合金涂层的硬化峰值在400 左右。     

Comparisons of corrosion rates of Ni-P based composite coatings in HCl and NaCl solutions

The composite coatings of electroless Ni-P, Ni-P-PTFE, Ni-Cu-P and Ni-Cu-P-PTFE were prepared and their corrosion rates in HCl and NaCl solutions have been measured. The thickness and the compositions of the coatings were measured using a digital micrometer and an energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), respectively. Surface morphology of the coatings was analysed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The incorporation of PTFE particles into Ni-P or Ni-Cu-P matrixes by gradually increasing the PTFE content from the substrate to the top surface improved the corrosion-resistant properties of the coatings significantly. The incorporation of copper into Ni-P or Ni-P-PTFE matrixes also improved the corrosion-resistant properties of the coatings.     

电接触强化对Ni-P/Nano-WC复合刷镀层的微观组织及性能的影响

目的：提高Ni-P/nano-WC复合刷镀层的性能。方法利用电刷镀技术将Ni-P与nano-WC粉末共同沉积在40Cr基体表面形成纳米颗粒增强的复合镀层,再利用电接触技术对Ni-P/nano-WC复合镀层进行二次强化。利用光学显微镜、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、X射线衍射分析（XRD）、能谱分析（EDS）和显微硬度测量等手段,分析电接触强化处理对Ni-P/nano-WC复合镀层的影响。同时利用滚动摩擦试验分析电接触强化前后复合镀层耐磨性的变化情况。结果电接触强化处理后, Ni-P/nano-WC复合刷镀层的孔隙和裂纹减少,复合镀层与基体之间的界面在高温和高压的作用下发生焊合。XRD分析显示复合镀层的晶粒细化,镀层的晶粒尺寸由35.35 nm下降至26.28 nm。随着接触电流的加大,复合镀层的硬度也在逐步加大。经过20 kA电流的强化,复合镀层平均硬度由637HV0.1增加到885HV0.1,镀层硬度分布更加均匀;4 h的滚动摩损表明,随着接触电流的加大,试样的质量损失逐步减小,经20 kA接触电流强化后的Ni-P/nano-WC复合镀层质量损失为503 mg,比未经电接触强化的Ni-P/nano-WC复合镀层低40%。结论电接触强化技术能有效改善Ni-P/nano-WC复合镀层的微观组织与性能,将镀层界面由机械结合变为冶金结合,同时提高镀层的耐磨性能。     

镁合金表面化学镀 Ni-P 和 Ni-P-SiC 的对比

目的提高镁合金的耐磨性、耐蚀性,扩大其应用领域。方法采用"磷酸+钼酸铵酸洗→HF活化"的方法进行前处理,直接在AZ91D镁合金表面化学镀Ni-P合金镀层和Ni-P-SiC复合镀层。对两种镀层的表面和截面形貌、成分、结构、硬度、耐蚀性及耐磨性进行了系统比较。结果在Ni-P合金镀层中引入SiC粉末后,镀层的胞状颗粒细化,硬度提高至643HV,但其腐蚀电流密度有所增大。结论与Ni-P合金镀层相比,Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的耐蚀性有所下降,但耐磨性能大大提高。     

纳米稀土颗粒CeO_2掺杂对Ni-P脉冲镀层微观结构与沉积机理的影响

利用双脉冲电流特性与超声场高频振荡效应电沉积法制备Ni-P/n-CeO2纳米复合镀层。借助环境扫描电镜（E-SEM/EDXA）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）及X射线衍射仪（XRD）,对镀层微观形貌、化学成分及晶体结构进行分析。结果表明：掺杂15g/L纳米CeO2（RE）颗粒,稀土Ce含量与沉积速度分别可达2.3%和68μm/h,晶粒致密,呈现非晶态;在600°C下时效处理2h,复合镀层的显微硬度高达HV780。讨论了纳米稀土颗粒吸附特性与脉冲过电势对电沉积机理的影响。Ce4＋或n-CeO2吸附在阴极活性表面形成大量具有催化作用的晶核,沉积并钉扎在开裂的纹裂源边缘。在高温时效时,纳米颗粒与部分Ni晶粒充分弥散互溶,占据空间,阻碍晶粒粗化及裂纹扩展,从而有效提高复合镀层的裂纹扩展抗力与显微硬度。     

非晶态Ni-P合金与纳米Al2O3微粒复合镀层的制备

利用化学镀技术,制备了非晶态Ni-P合金基纳米Al2O3复合镀层,研究了纳米Al2O3微粒的加入量、加入方式以及搅拌方式等对复合镀层组织和形貌的影响.结果表明,纳米Al2O3在加入到镀液中以前,应先选用适当的表面活性剂和分散介质制成单分散添加液,然后再加到镀槽中才可保证纳米粒子在镀层中的均匀弥散分布,在超声振动搅拌方式下,镀液中只需加入1g/L纳米Al2O3,即可得到颗粒细小、分散均匀的非晶态Ni-P合金基纳米Al2O3的复合镀层.     

Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P双层复合镀层制备及耐蚀性的研究

目的提高金属材料在海洋环境下的耐蚀性。方法采用化学镀方法在Q235碳钢表面施镀Ni-Zn-P合金镀层和Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P双层复合镀层,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)对镀层表面形貌和断面成分进行了分析。结果 Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P双层复合镀层相对于Ni-Zn-P合金镀层胞状组织更加均匀平滑,胞与胞的边界结合更加连续致密。Ni-Zn-P合金镀层断面厚度为6.5μm左右,锌和磷的质量分数分别约为4%和14%。Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P双层复合镀层断面总厚度约7.5μm,内层镀层的厚度约2.3μm,磷的质量分数约为9%;外层镀层厚度约5.2μm,锌和磷的质量分数分别约为5%和11%。在5%Na Cl溶液中腐蚀144 h后,Ni-Zn-P合金镀层遭到了严重的破坏,有许多裂纹,而Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P双层复合镀层仍然连续完整,没有严重的破损,只是局部腐蚀,这说明双层镀层更耐蚀。结论 Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P双层复合镀层腐蚀速率明显低于Ni-Zn-P合金镀层,相对于Ni-Zn-P合金镀层耐蚀性更好。