新型免涂装建筑用耐候钢的耐蚀性

添加微量Cr、Cu、Ni和Mo元素开发了免涂装建筑用耐候钢,通过周期浸润加速腐蚀试验和电化学腐蚀试验,对比分析了普通碳素钢和耐候钢在模拟工业大气和海洋大气环境中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:耐候钢的抗拉强度、屈服强度和-40℃冲击功均明显高于普通碳素钢的,具有较好的强度和低温冲击性能;在模拟工业大气和海洋大气中,耐候钢的腐蚀速率明显小于碳素钢的;随着腐蚀时间延长,碳素钢和耐候钢锈层中Fe3O4含量逐渐增加,碳素钢中β-FeOOH含量先减小而后增大,α-FeOOH相与γ-FeOOH相的体积比(α/γ)值先增大而后减小,而耐候钢中β-FeOOH含量不断减小,α/γ值逐渐增大,表明β-FeOOH和γ-FeOOH有朝着更加稳定的α-FeOOH转变的趋势;周期浸润加速腐蚀试验和电化学腐蚀试验结果相吻合,即耐候钢的耐腐蚀性能优于碳素钢的。     

带腐蚀产物超高强度钢的电化学行为

采用动电位极化、电化学阻抗、扫描电镜(SEM)、扫描Kelvin探针(SKP)和Raman光谱研究了300M和AerMet 100超高强度钢盐雾实验后试样的电化学行为.结果表明,300M钢在盐雾实验中生成的腐蚀产物为γ-FeOOH和Fe(OH)3;AerMet 100的腐蚀产物为β-FeOOH,Fe3O4和γ-Fe2O...     

海南省博物馆馆藏出水古铁炮腐蚀产物分析

海南省博物馆馆藏了7门明清时期的铁炮,这些铁炮曾长久沉没在海水中,且由于各个时期冶铸技术的差异导致铁炮的腐蚀程度不一。保存修复这些腐蚀严重的出水古铁炮是个重要课题。采用X射线荧光仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等分析了出水古铁炮腐蚀产物的成分和物相组成。结果表明,铁炮腐蚀产物含有Fe3O4,α-FeOOH,β-FeOOH(或Fe8(O,OH)16Cl1.3)和γ-FeOOH,其中γ-FeOOH对铁炮具有破坏作用,属于有害锈,必须除去。腐蚀产物的确定为中国海洋出水铁炮的下一步除锈、脱盐等保护处理提供依据。     

Q235钢海洋大气腐蚀暴露试验研究

采用Q235钢在海南万宁距海岸95m、25m和海洋平台3个暴露点进行了半年大气腐蚀暴露试验,同时持续监测各暴露点空气中的氯离子含量.利用视频显微镜观测样品锈层的腐蚀形貌,采用比浊法测定腐蚀产物中氯离子含量,使用FTIR光谱仪分析锈层的物相组成.结果表明,样品的朝阳面和背阳面腐蚀形貌存在较大差异,各暴露点样品腐蚀深度与各点空气中及锈层中的氯离子含量密切相关,腐蚀产物的主相为γ-FeOOH和Fe3O4,次相为α-FeOOH和δ-FeOOH.     

碳钢在吐鲁番干热大气环境中的腐蚀行为

通过现场暴晒实验研究碳钢在吐鲁番干热大气环境中的腐蚀行为和机理。Q235和Q450钢在吐鲁番干热大气环境中经过1 a暴露后,Q235钢的腐蚀速率大于Q450钢。结合扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)等分析测试手段,研究了两种碳钢表面的腐蚀产物,两者的腐蚀产物主要为α-FeOOH,γ-FeOOH和Fe3O4。Q235钢中γ-FeOOH与α-FeOOH含量的比值较高,其腐蚀产物疏松,耐蚀性较差。而Q450钢中γ-FeOOH与α-FeOOH含量的比值较低,其腐蚀产物相对致密,耐蚀性较好。去除腐蚀产物后,通过体视学显微镜观察发现,Q235钢的表面产生大量密集腐蚀坑,且腐蚀坑深度和体积都大于Q450钢表面腐蚀坑。     

模拟铁器文物恒电位碱液脱氯技术的研究

采用恒电位阴极极化法研究了模拟铁器文物在碱性溶液中恒电位脱氯过程氯离子的迁出规律以及脱氯电位的选取原则。实验结果表明:恒电位碱液脱氯实验随着处理时间延长和脱氯电位负移,氯离子迁出率逐渐增加,电效率却逐步降低。综合考虑氯离子迁出率和电效率两个因素,氯离子迁移率和电效率交点所对应的电位值为合适的脱氯电位,本实验条件的最佳脱氯电位为-1.175V左右。经脱氯处理后的带锈试样表面XPS分析表明:腐蚀产物主要由Fe3O4和α-FeOOH相组成。     

凝露状态下SO2对A3钢腐蚀机理的影响

采用红外光谱、电化学交流阻抗和扫描电镜等方法研究了大气中对金属腐蚀性最强的污染物SO2在凝露状态下对A3钢的腐蚀作用规律.结果表明,A3钢在加SO2试验环境中腐蚀失重随试验时间延长呈正指数变化规律;试样表面呈龟裂状腐蚀形貌,红外光谱的分析结果显示出腐蚀产物为FeSO4@7H2O、Fe2(SO4)3@9H2O和γ-FeOOH,还含有δ-FeOOH及少量的Fe(OH)2和Fe3O4.A3钢在未加SO2试验环境中腐蚀失重随时间呈直线变化规律;腐蚀产物主要为Fe2O3和γ-FeOOH;试样表面未形成连续的腐蚀产物膜.     

水陆装甲车车体锈层分析

采用x射线衍射、SEM和EPMA等方法对服役20年～30年 水陆装甲车车体锈层进行了研究，研究表明：锈层中含有Cl-，锈层主要由α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH、γ-Fe2O3、Fe3O4以及α-Fe等相组成，同时还残留有极少量的绿锈GR*(I).结合水陆装甲车的使用环境(海水、淡水，干湿交替)，对锈层各相的成因进行了分析.内锈层致密，大蚀坑下有小蚀坑，锈层中包含有呈小岛状弥散分布的Fe基体，均匀腐蚀与局部点蚀共同造成了材料的腐蚀破坏.     

大气环境下建筑用耐候钢的初期腐蚀行为研究

在Q235钢中添加不同含量的合金元素Cu和Cr,研究该钢在模拟大气环境下的初期腐蚀行为。结果表明,该钢在大气腐蚀初期的腐蚀产物形态为団状和链条状,主要腐蚀产物为γ-FeOOH、α-FeOOH和γ-Fe2O3。当α-FeOOH含量较高时可以有效减慢大气腐蚀的发展趋势     

低碳钢在酸雨环境中的腐蚀行为

研究了低碳钢在模拟酸雨环境下的腐蚀行为。结果表明,模拟酸雨环境中,低碳钢表面存在棉絮状和针状两种微观形貌,腐蚀产物主要有γ-FeOOH、α-FeOOH和Fe3O4。低碳钢腐蚀速度先快后慢,并出现两种腐蚀坑。一种为蝶形腐蚀坑,另一种为向基体延伸的深而窄的腐蚀坑。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.