我国升级节能低碳产品认证

<正>国家质检总局、国家发展改革委日前联合发布《节能低碳产品认证管理办法》,自2015年11月1日起正式施行。依据该办法,我国将建立国家统一的节能低碳产品认证制度,依据相关产业政策推动节能低碳产品认证活动,鼓励使用获得节能低碳认证的产品。提升碳排放领域话语权中国国家认监委有关负责人说,我国节能产品认证工作开展时间较早,截至目前,经国家认监委批准的主要节能产品认证机构发放节能产品认证证书约5.6万张,获得节能产品认证企业超过2500家。但由于节能产品认证原有管理法规依据的上位法已发生了变化,相关规定已经     

工业锅炉节能认证流程

本文介绍了CQC节能产品认证工作流程,便于使企业了解和掌握工业锅炉产品申请步骤,获得认证证书。     

开展变压器节能认证 推动变压器产业健康有序发展

为更好地推动节能减排工作,国务院、相关部委、地方政府频繁出台了一系列优惠政策和鼓励措施,引导企业推广节能型产品。国务院陆续发布了《国务院办公厅关于开展资源节约活动的通知》《国务院关于加强节能工作的决定》《国务院关于印发节能减排综合性工作方案的通知》《国务院办公厅关于建立政府强制采购节能产品制度的通知》等文件,将空调机、照明产品(包括双端荧光灯、自镇流荧光灯、单端荧光灯、管形荧光灯镇流器)、电视机、电热水器、计算机、打印机、显示器、便器、水     

国家质检总局对房间空调器进行抽查

中标认证中心于2007年8月23～25日在乌鲁木齐举行《空调机及空调压缩机节能产品认证技术要求研讨会》。会议讨论了《空调压缩机节能产品认证技术要求》、《转速可控型房间空气调节器节能认证实施规则》的讨论稿。会议要求各企业会后进行有关验证试验，并将试验数据于9月中旬汇总到中标认证中心。会议还对已实施的《单元式房间空气调节机认证实施规则》、《冷水机组认证实施规则》、《溴化锂吸收式冷水机组节能产品认证实施规则》、《多联机组节能认证实施规则》、《水源热泵机组节能认证实施规则》中产品单元划分、检验、免检、标志使用等问题进行了研讨和调整。     

中林天合（北京）森林认证中心所开展的CFCC认证业务

2008年6月,国家认监委、国家林业局联合发布《关于开展森林认证工作的意见》,决定正式启动以探讨中国森林认证制度为目标的森林认证试点工作。2010年,国家林业局下发了《国家林业局关于加快推进森林认证工作的指导意见》,进一步明确了开展森林认证工作的指导思想、原则、目标和任务。     

CQC积极开展节能/节水产品认证活动

近日,由中国质量认证中心(CQC)和国家建筑材料工业建筑五金水暖产品质量监督检验测试中心,联合主办的"金融风暴下政府扩大内需和节能产品强制采购政策动态研讨会暨中国节水产品认证水口颁证会"在中国水暖产品生产基地——广东水口镇召开。参会的CQC负责人对政府强制采购节能产品认证提出的更高     

房间空调器开展节能认证

中国节能产品认证管理委员会于最近制定了《房间空气调节器节能产品技术要求》,规定于２０００年６月１日起施行,产品认证范围为带空气冷凝器,采用全封闭制冷压缩机,制冷量在１４０００Ｗ以下的房间空气调节器,不包括移动式、一拖多和变频空气调节器,认证合格产品将颁发“节能标志”,可标贴于产品上。该技术要求规定,节能型空调器的能源效率指标（ＥＥＲ）不应小于下表：房间空调器开展节能认证@王艮!特约通讯员     

节能产品认证知识

节能减排指的是减少能源浪费和降低温室气体排放。为了实现经济可持续发展,从中央到地方各级政府都十分关注环境、能源问题,国家"十一五"规划中明确提出了用五年时间使全国单位GDP能耗降低20%的约束性指标要求。节能产品认证是国家在终端产品领域开展节能减排工作的一项重要举措,从1998年以来,这项工作的实施为提高终端用能产品能效,促进生产企业节能技术进步、引导公众形成节约消费理念起到了重要推动作用。中国质量认证中心(CQC)作为国家权威认证机构,积极探索与思考认证工作在推进"节能减排"和"两型社会"建设中的作用,在本刊开设专栏,陆续推出专题文章介绍节能知识和方法。旨在借助《认证技术》的开放式渠道,通过CQC的品牌影响力,与大家分享CQC在节能方法的技术,进行相关活动和认证标志的宣传,形成节能/节水的社会氛围,共同营造节能节水产品的市场接受程度,促使消费者对节能产品的主动消费,引导和鼓励节能产品的推广和技术水平的进步。     

积极作为 充分发挥认证认可正能量

作为政府主管认证认可工作的职能部门,近几年来,全省质监系统始终坚持以"维护经济秩序,服务经济发展"为质监工作第一要义,认真履行认证监管职能,积极创新认证监管理念,有效激发了认证认可在促贸惠民领域的正能量。我们围绕鄱阳湖生态经济区建设,与省工信委、省财政厅一道,共同制定发布了《江西省节能产品评审认定管理办法》,创新开展江西省节能产品认定工作。我们针对我省管理体系认证开展情况,结合质量兴省战略的实施,大力推进各类管理体系认证,要求申报江西名牌产品和省质量管理奖的企业必须通过ISO9000认证,如果是食品生产企业的还必须通过ISO22000或HACCP认证,从而提升"江西制造"的质量水平,做大江西产业规模,助推江西从农业大省向工业强省迈进。     

我国森林认证试点工作的进程

中国森林认证体系根据我国林业的特点,结合国际森林认证的基本做法和经验,探索认证体系的制度建设、运行机制、政策措施,制定适合我国国情的森林可持续经营标准与指标。目前,我国正在开展中国森林认证试点工作。一、森林认证试点工作的目标在我国开展森林认证的目的是,促进建立我国森林认证体系,验证《中国森林认证标准》《中国森林认证实施规则》(试行),培养一支森林可持续经营管理和森林认证人才队伍,为在我国全面开展森林认证并与国际森林认证体系接     

Electromagnetic energy harvester for harvesting acoustic energy

This paper reports a suspended coil, electromagnetic acoustic energy harvester (AEH) for extracting acoustical energy. The developed AEH comprises Helmholtz resonator (HR), a wound coil bonded to a flexible membrane and a permanent magnet placed in a magnet holder. The harvester’s performance is analyzed under different sound pressure levels (SPLs) both in laboratory and in real environment. In laboratory, when connected to 50 Ω load resistance and subjected to an SPL of 100 dB, the AEH generated a peak load voltage of 198.7 mV at the resonant frequency of 319 Hz. When working under the optimum load resistance, the AEH generated an optimum load power of 789.65 µW. In real environment, the developed AEH produced a maximum voltage of 25 mV when exposed to the acoustic noise of a motorcycle and generated an optimum voltage of 60 mV when it is placed in the surroundings of a domestic electrical generator.     

可再生能源应用在绿色建筑评价中的作用

可再生能源的建筑应用是降低建筑物对化石能源消耗的重要手段,也是绿色建筑评价中的“节能与能源利用”板块的重要组成部分.可再生能源为建筑减少对化石能源的消耗如何量化,在绿色建筑的评定中能够带来多少收益,一直以来是业内关注的问题.本文从中外建筑节能标准中对可再生能源应用的能耗折减方法出发,结合我国绿色建筑评价体系中可再生能源应用的得分点,探讨可再生能源应用在绿色建筑评价中的作用.     

Marine energy

Marine energy is renewable and carbon free and has the potential to make a significant contribution to energy supplies in the future. In the UK, tidal power barrages and wave energy could make the largest contribution, and tidal stream energy could make a smaller but still a useful contribution. This paper provides an overview of the current status and prospects for electrical generation from marine energy. It concludes that a realistic potential contribution to UK electricity supplies is approximately 80 TWh per year but that many years of development and investment will be required if this potential is to be realized.     

Hydrogen energy

The problem of anthropogenically driven climate change and its inextricable link to our global society's present and future energy needs are arguably the greatest challenge facing our planet. Hydrogen is now widely regarded as one key element of a potential energy solution for the twenty-first century, capable of assisting in issues of environmental emissions, sustainability and energy security. Hydrogen has the potential to provide for energy in transportation, distributed heat and power generation and energy storage systems with little or no impact on the environment, both locally and globally. However, any transition from a carbon-based (fossil fuel) energy system to a hydrogen-based economy involves significant scientific, technological and socio-economic barriers. This brief report aims to outline the basis of the growing worldwide interest in hydrogen energy and examines some of the important issues relating to the future development of hydrogen as an energy vector.     

Wind energy

From its rebirth in the early 1980s, the rate of development of wind energy has been dramatic. Today, other than hydropower, it is the most important of the renewable sources of power. The UK Government and the EU Commission have adopted targets for renewable energy generation of 10 and 12% of consumption, respectively. Much of this, by necessity, must be met by wind energy. The US Department of Energy has set a goal of 6% of electricity supply from wind energy by 2020. For this potential to be fully realized, several aspects, related to public acceptance, and technical issues, related to the expected increase in penetration on the electricity network and the current drive towards larger wind turbines, need to be resolved. Nevertheless, these challenges will be met and wind energy will, very likely, become increasingly important over the next two decades. An overview of the technology is presented.     

Contribution of bending energy losses to the apparent tear energy

When a strip is torn, energy is expended both in tearing it and in propagating a bend along each torn section. Estimates are given of the contribution of bending energy losses to the apparent tear energy. Experiments with highly-dissipative semi-crystalline polymers, torn with controlled amounts of bending, are then described. The bending energy losses ranged from 5 to 70 percent of the total tear energy, depending upon the degree of bending imposed, the thickness of the strip, and the extent to which it had been partly cut through before tearing. These results were in satisfactory agreement with approximate theoretical estimates. When the torn strips were allowed to take up naturally bent configurations under the action of the tearing force, then the contribution of bending energy losses to the apparent tear energy became rather independent of the strip dimensions and depended principally upon the dissipative nature of the material, represented by the fraction H of deformation energy that is not recovered. A general relationship is proposed between the apparent (G _c) and true (G _c) tear energies in this case: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaGqaciaa-Deada% qhaaWcbaGaa83yaaqaaiaa-DcaaaGccqGH9aqpcaWFhbWaaSbaaSqa% aiaa-ngaaeqaaOGaai4laiaacIcacaaIXaGaeyOeI0Iaa8hsaGqaai% aa+Lcaaaa!415E!\[G_c^' = G_c /(1 - H)\]. Values of H for the materials examined ranged from 30 to 70 percent. Thus, bending energy losses are expected to increase the tear energy by a factor of 1.4 × to 3.3 × for unconstrained tearing of these semi-crystalline polymers. Somewhat smaller increases were actually observed, ranging from 1.1× to 2×.

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Résumé Lorsque l'on déchire une bande, l'énergie est dépensée à la fois dans le déchirement et dans la propagation d'une flexion sur chacun des bords de la déchirure.On donne des estimations de la contribution des pertes d'énergie associées à ces flexions, à l'énergie apparente de déchirement. On décrit ensuite des expériences de déchirement de bandes en polymères semi-cristallins à haute dissipation, sous des conditions de flexion contrôlées. On a établi que la dissipation d'énergie associées à la flexion vaut de 5 à 70% de l'énergie totale de déchirement, selon le degré de flexion imposé, l'épaisseur de la bande, et la longueur de la coupe réalisée avant déchirure. Ces résultats ont été trouvés en accord satisfaisant avec les estimations théoriques. Lorsque les portions déchirées adoptent la configuration de flexion qui correspond à une situation naturelle sous l'effet des forces de déchirement, les pertes dues à l'énergie de flexion contribuent à l'énergie apparente de déchirement de manière relativement indépendante des dimensions de la bande, mais principalement dépendante de la nature dissipatoire du matériau, représentée par la fraction H de l'énergie de déformation non récupérée.Une relation générale est proposée dans ce cas entre l'énergie apparente (G _c) et réelle (G _c) de déchirement: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabaGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaGqaciaa-Deada% qhaaWcbaGaa83yaaqaaiaa-DcaaaGccqGH9aqpcaWFhbWaaSbaaSqa% aiaa-ngaaeqaaOGaai4laiaacIcacaaIXaGaeyOeI0Iaa8hsaGqaai% aa+Lcaaaa!415E!\[G_c^' = G_c /(1 - H)\]Les valeurs de H varieront de 0,3 à 0,7 selon les matériaux examinés. Dès lors, on s'attend à ce que les pertes par énergie de flexion accroissent l'énergie de déchirement d'un facteur 4,4× à 3,3× dans le cas d'un déchirement sans rétreint des polymères semi-cristallins étudiés.Dans la réalité, on a observé des accroissements un peu plus faibles, variant de 1,1× à 2×.

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Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, University of Minnesota     

Magnetostatic energy calculations

Magnetostatic self-energy can in principle be calculated by evaluating a certain sixfold integral, though this is not practical even for very simple cases. It is pointed out that some analytic transformation of this integral can facilitate computations, especially with an appropriate choice of Ritz models. A review of these is followed by a review of some of the methods that have been used for numerical evaluation of this energy term, in particular Brown's method of approaching the value by calculating rigorous upper and lower bounds.<>