单晶硅纳米梁杨氏模量的弯曲测试

为研究纳米梁的力学特性,采用SOI晶圆制备了硅双端固支梁纳米梁,利用典型的原子力显微镜（AFM）弯曲测试方法测试了硅纳米梁〈100〉晶向的杨氏模量.AFM悬臂探针定位在纳米梁的中点处向下移动,纳米梁受到挤压发生弹性形变,形变过程存在一个最大形变点,在该点后,纳米梁被挤压在SOI硅片底层硅上.最大形变前的测试数据用于计算力-位移曲线斜率,最大形变后的测试数据用于计算探针的灵敏度,其实验值分别为0.792N/m和81.83nm/V.最终得到的杨氏模量为104GPa,该值小于体硅的杨氏模量,表面应力和缺陷可能是导致实验值偏小的原因.     

Estimation of Young's Modulus of Graphene by Raman Spectroscopy

The Young's modulus of graphene is estimated by measuring the strain applied by a pressure difference across graphene membranes using Raman spectroscopy. The strain induced on pressurized graphene balloons can be estimated directly from the peak shift of the Raman G band. By comparing the measured strain with numerical simulation, we obtained the Young's modulus of graphene. The estimated Young's modulus values of single- and bilayer graphene are 2.4 ± 0.4 and 2.0 ± 0.5 TPa, respectively.     

静电激振法测量微机械材料的杨氏模量

利用蚀刻硅技术制造的微机械构件 ,由于特殊的制作工艺而需要对其材料的机械性能如杨氏模量等进行测试。这是随微机械技术的产生而提出的一个新课题。文章综述了微机械材料杨氏模量的静态测试法。提出了微机械材料杨氏模量的动态测试法———静电激振法。这种方法具有测试装置简单、测量容易、适应性广等特点     

Measuring True Young's Modulus of a Cantilevered Nanowire: Effect of Clamping on Resonance Frequency

The effect of clamping on resonance frequency and thus measured Young's modulus of nanowires (NWs) is systematically investigated via a combined experimental and simulation approach. ZnO NWs are used in this work as an example. The resonance tests are performed in situ inside a scanning electron microscope and the NWs are cantilevered on a tungsten probe by electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) of hydrocarbon. EBID is repeated several times to deposit more hydrocarbons at the same location. The resonance frequency increases with the increasing clamp size until approaching that under the "fixed" boundary condition. The critical clamp size is identified as a function of NW diameter and NW Young's modulus. This work: 1) exemplifies the importance of considering the effect of clamping in measurements of Young's modulus using the resonance method, and 2) demonstrates that the true Young's modulus can be measured if the critical clamp size is reached. Design guidelines on the critical clamp size are provided. Such design guidelines can be extended to other one-dimensional nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes.     

The Anisotropy of Young's Modulus in Bones

In this paper, yet another method for evaluating the elastic modulus for human bones is introduced and investigated. This method adopts the Jankowski and Tsakalakos strain energy function in which, the Born-Mayer energy term is the predominant term for calculations the elastic constants. By taking accounts the directional aspects of the spatial structure of bones, we obtain different values for the Young's modulus depending on the direction of the applied force with respect to the material's structure. The inverse problem analyzed in this paper is solved by inversion of the experimental data. An efficient stopping criterion is adopted to cease the iterative process in order to retrieve stable numerical solutions. The numerical implementation of the aforementioned method is realized by employing a genetic algorithm.     

原子力显微镜微悬臂梁杨氏模量动态测试方法

原子力显微镜微悬臂梁是微纳米领域重要的微力传感器,而微悬臂梁的杨氏模量又是决定其力学性能的重要参数.由于微悬臂梁的尺寸处于微米级,有些特征尺寸甚至达到纳米级,常规的测试结构材料特性的检测方法已经难以满足需求,急需研究新的测试方法和装置对微悬臂梁的机械特性进行研究和分析.本文提出了一种基于微悬臂梁振动固有频率测试的杨氏模量测试方法.使用本方法时,首先建立待测微悬臂梁在空气中的振动模型,并使用数值仿真的方法计算结构尺寸相同但杨氏模量不同的各种微悬臂梁在空气中的振动固有频率,然后实际测量微悬臂梁的振动固有频率,和实验结果最接近的仿真结果所对应的杨氏模量参数就是待测微悬臂梁的杨氏模量.本文最后对Mikromaseh公司生产的NSC型探针的杨氏模量进行了测试,实验结果证实了本文提出的方法的正确性.     

Young's Modulus Measurement of Thin Films by Resonant Frequency Method Using Magnetostrictive Resonator

At present, there are many methods about Young's modulus measurement of thin films, but so far there is no recognized simple, non-destructive and cheaper standard measurement method. Considering thin films with various thicknesses were sputter deposited on the magnetostrictive resonator and monitoring the resonator's first-order longitudinal resonant frequency shift both before and after deposition induced by external magnetic field, an Young's modulus assessing method based on classical laminated plate theory is presented in this paper. Using the measured natural frequencies of Au, Cu, Cr, Al and SiC materials with various thicknesses in the literature, the Young's modulus of the five materials with various thicknesses are calculated by the method in this paper. In comparison with the Young's modulus calculated by the other methods, it is found that the calculated Young's modulus for various thicknesses are in good agreement with the Young's modulus values in the literature. Considering the simple and non-destructive characteristics of this method, which can effectively describe the effect of the thickness on the Young's modulus, it has the potential to become a standard assessing method of thin film Young's modulus.     

Q235钢杨氏弹性模量的研究

采用实验与模型计算相结合的方法,对Q235钢的杨氏弹性模量进行了研究,通过Gleeble 1500热模拟机对700～1400℃温度区间的杨氏弹性模量进行了测量,每100℃取1个测量值,通过拟舍得到连续曲线;1400℃至零强度温度(ZST)使用Tszeng模型计算,体现液相区的真实力学行为.将得到的杨氏模量结果运用于连铸二冷段的热力耦合模拟,得到的结果与实测结果一致.     

Influence of Specimen Shape on the Indirect Tensile Strength of Transversely Isotropic Dionysos Marble Using the Three-Point Bending Test

Abstract:  This paper focuses on the investigation of the three-point bending tensile strength of Dionysos marble. Using the classical relationship obtained from the theory of elasticity, the effect of the span length, the thickness/width ratio and the orientation of the specimens in the indirect tensile strength were investigated. In total, 42 experiments were carried out, divided in three sets of specially designed beams. Finally, the calculated bending tensile strength is compared with the corresponding value obtained from Brazilian indirect tension as well as ring tests.     

Three-Point Bending Behavior of Foam-Filled Conventional and Auxetic 3D-Printed Honeycombs

Cellular hexagonal (conventional) and re-entrant (auxetic) honeycombs are applicable in automotive, construction, and protective engineering. Auxetic structures own excellent energy absorption and flexural behavior due to their special deformation under loading. This work explores the performance of additively manufactured polylactic acid (PLA)- and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based hexagonal and re-entrant honeycombs under flexural loading via experimental three-point bending (TPB) tests and finite-element analysis (FEA). 3D-printed conventional and auxetic cellular structures are filled with polyurethane (PU) foam and their energy absorption capacity and flexural modulus are compared with hollow structures. The results reveal that TPU-based structures’ energy absorption capacity and flexural modulus improve significantly, whereas the PLA-based structures’ performance deteriorates when filled with PU foam. Moreover, re-entrant honeycombs are better reinforced with foam in comparison to the hexagonal honeycombs, as the re-entrant's unit cell is more spacious than the hexagonal unit cell. Finally, parametric studies are performed via FEA to investigate the influence of geometric parameters of structures and flexural loading setup on the performance of the honeycombs, showing that structures with thicker struts and higher cell angle can act stiffer under TPB. The outcomes of this research indicate the promising performance of foam-filled TPU-based auxetic structures.     

典型木塑制品抗弯性能的研究

以3种典型木塑制品结构为研究对象,进行抗弯性能试验研究,通过建立各结构的有限元模型,施加特定载荷和约束条件,模拟试验条件下的实际受载情况,实施有限元分析。研究结果表明,利用模拟分析结果中的特定指标来评价典型结构基本性能,具有较高的精度和可行性,可以简化型材的结构设计,对木塑型材结构的研究设计具有很好的指导意义。     

抗折试验机不确定度分析

本文介绍了抗折试验机的测量模型,分析了抗析试验机的不确定来源及不确度的评定。     

潜艇消声覆盖层复弹性模量测量系统研制

根据复合梁弯曲共振频率与材料的复弹性模量等参数的关系,采用弯曲共振测试方法,设计研制测量潜艇消声覆盖层复弹性模量的系统,并对实际测量效果和误差进行分析评估.     

板材弯曲最小相对弯曲半径计算方法探讨

板材在弯曲过程中,外表面的切向拉伸变形程度最大,当外表面的变形程度超过极限变形程度时,板料就会破裂.板料弯曲时的极限变形程度可用最小相对弯曲半径来描述.通过对板料弯曲变形应力应变分析,提出了几种近似计算最小相对弯曲半径的方法.     

利用水下散射场测量橡胶弹性模量的方法研究

橡胶是减振降噪的主要材料之一,对其材料性能的掌握是进行结构设计的前提,针对中高频率下橡胶材料弹性模量测量标准的空白,提出一种新的测量方法。在自由场条件下,通过测量橡胶球的散射声场,计算散射场的勒让德展开系数,建立反演模型,求解橡胶球的声学参数,再根据材料参数之间的转换关系来获得弹性模量。实验结果表明,所测橡胶球的动态弹性模量在中高频上的变化规律与已知的结论一致,目标的反演散射声场与测量的散射声场符合较好。     

Revisiting the Buckling Metrology Method to Determine the Young's Modulus of 2D Materials

Measuring the mechanical properties of 2D materials is a formidable task. While regular electrical and optical probing techniques are suitable even for atomically thin materials, conventional mechanical tests cannot be directly applied. Therefore, new mechanical testing techniques need to be developed. Up to now, the most widespread approaches require micro‐fabrication to create freely suspended membranes, rendering their implementation complex and costly. Here, a simple yet powerful technique is revisited to measure the mechanical properties of thin films. The buckling metrology method, that does not require the fabrication of freely suspended structures, is used to determine the Young's modulus of several transition metal dichalcogenides (MoS₂, MoSe₂, WS₂, and WSe₂) with thicknesses ranging from 2 to 10 layers. The obtained values for the Young's modulus and their uncertainty are critically compared with previously published results, finding that this simple technique provides results which are in good agreement with those reported using other highly sophisticated testing methods. By comparing the cost, complexity, and time required for the different methods reported in the literature, the buckling metrology method presents certain advantages that make it an interesting mechanical test tool for 2D materials.