等28d抗压强度条件下粉煤灰和矿渣对C50混凝土后期性能的影响

在28 d抗压强度相近的前提下,制备了纯水泥混凝土、大掺量粉煤灰混凝土、大掺量矿渣混凝土,测定了不同混凝土的后期抗压强度、抗氯离子渗透性,以及胶凝材料的化学结合水、硬化浆体中的Ca(OH)2含量.结果表明:含大掺量矿物掺合料的混凝土的后期强度和抗氯离子渗透性均明显高于纯水泥混凝土;大掺量矿渣混凝土的后期强度高于同掺量的大掺量粉煤灰混凝土;复合胶凝材料的后期水化程度增长率明显高于纯水泥;复合胶凝材料硬化浆体中后期Ca(OH)2含量明显低于纯水泥硬化浆体.     

硅酸盐水泥-矿渣复合浆体的水化反应进程研究

为考察矿渣对水泥水化进程的影响,系统研究了在不同的养护龄期、水胶比、矿渣掺量条件下,水泥-矿渣复合浆体的矿渣反应程度、非蒸发水含量、Ca(OH)2含量、孔隙率和力学性能.根据实验结果,研究了复合浆体中矿渣反应程度和非蒸发水含量的变化规律,探讨了矿渣的掺入对Ca(OH)2含量的影响,提出了水化反应进程中水泥与矿渣对Ca(OH)2的供求模式,分析了矿渣与水泥的叠加与互补效应,确定了矿渣的最佳掺量范围和最大掺量范围.上述结果可为矿渣在水泥基材料中合理有效地利用提供一定的科学依据.     

氢氧化钙对硫铝酸盐水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化影响

通过凝结时间、抗压强度和电阻率等分析手段,研究了Ca(OH)2对硫铝酸盐水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料水化过程的影响.结果表明,掺入Ca(OH)2明显缩短了硫铝酸盐水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的凝结时间;当Ca(OH)2掺量为0.5%时,初凝时间最短,1 d、28 d强度均明显提高;当Ca(OH)2的掺量为2%时,28 d强度相比空白样提高了61.9%;掺入Ca(OH)2后,硫铝酸盐水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的1 d电阻率减小,随着Ca(OH)2掺量增大,电阻率逐渐减小,电阻率变化率极大值提前,说明Ca(OH)2加快了该复合胶凝材料的早期水化进程.XRD分析表明,掺入Ca(OH)2后,水化1 d时钙矾石的生成量增多,消耗无水硫铝酸钙的量增多;水化28 d时钙矾石的生成量相对变化较小,但强度明显增大,粉煤灰对硫铝酸盐水泥强度的贡献较为明显.     

基于Ca(OH)2含量的复合胶凝材料中水泥水化程度的评定方法

对粉煤灰反应程度和Ca(OH)2含量进行测定,并结合水泥水化平衡计算理论,建立了基于Ca(OHh含量的复合胶凝材料中水泥水化程度的评定方法.结果表明:随着粉煤灰掺帚的增加,复合胶凝材料浆体中粉煤灰的反应程度和Ca(OH)2含量逐渐降低,而其中水泥的水化程度却由此增大,90d龄期时含有大比例(超过35%)粉煤灰的复合胶凝材料中水泥水化程度高达80%以上,有的甚至接近完全水化.水胶比对复合胶凝材料中水泥水化程度的影响远不如粉煤灰掺量明显.与等效化学结合水量法相比,基于Ca(On)2含量的评定方法能更精确和直观地表征复合胶凝材料中水泥的水化程度.     

水泥–矿渣复合胶凝材料中矿渣的水化特性

通过对不同矿渣掺量时水泥–矿渣复合胶凝材料中矿渣的反应程度、硬化浆体中Ca（OH）2含量以及水化硅酸钙（C–S–H）凝胶的Ca/Si比（Ca和Si的摩尔比）的测定,研究复合胶凝材料体系中矿渣的水化特性。结果表明：在水泥–矿渣复合胶凝材料中,矿渣掺量越大,矿渣反应程度越低,但矿渣掺量≤70%时,对矿渣的反应程度影响不大。高温养护可提高早期矿渣的反应程度,但阻碍其后期的进一步水化。矿渣早期水化生成外部水化产物时消耗一定的Ca（OH）2,使硬化浆体中Ca（OH）2含量降低,矿渣水化吸收Ca（OH）2中的Ca2＋,使生成的C–S–H凝胶的Ca/Si比降低较少;在水化后期,矿渣生成内部水化产物不再消耗较多的Ca（OH）2,使C–S–H凝胶的Ca/Si比降低相对较多,硬化浆体中Ca（OH）2含量有增加的趋势,保证硬化浆体的长期稳定性。     

粉煤灰与矿渣的早期火山灰反应放热行为及其机理

针对大体积混凝土绝热温升计算中粉煤灰与矿渣的火山灰反应放热问题,利用微量热仪法测试了不同掺量粉煤灰和矿渣对水泥水化热及放热速率的影响规律,分析了粉煤灰和矿渣水化3d以前的火山灰反应放热行为,采用X射线衍射与差示扫描量热–热重法研究了粉煤灰与矿渣对水泥早期水化及其火山灰放热行为的影响机理。结果表明：粉煤灰与矿渣水化3d时火山灰反应热分别约为3～5J/g和15～16J/g。粉煤灰对水泥水化的阻碍作用在水化24h前最为明显,其火山灰效应主要发生于水化24h之后;矿渣对水泥水化有促进作用,自加水开始即表现出一定的火山灰效应。粉煤灰与矿渣掺入后有助于水泥水化产物中钙矾石的稳定,钙矾石抑制了水泥水化,Ca（OH）2生成量减少,因而粉煤灰与矿渣的火山灰反应也受到影响。     

蒸养条件下掺矿物掺合料水泥复合浆体的水化特性研究

为掌握矿物掺合料在蒸养水泥基材料中的作用效应,采用热重分析(TG-DSC)和抗压强度等测试方法,调查了60℃蒸养和标养两种养护条件下,分别掺粉煤灰、矿渣、硅灰及石灰石粉水泥复合浆体的化学结合水含量、Ca(OH)2含量、抗压强度随龄期的变化,并采用结合水含量影响系数、Ca(OH)2含量影响系数和温度影响系数3个参数,分析了蒸养条件下矿物掺合料对浆体水化进程的影响规律.结果表明:蒸养条件下不同矿物掺合料复合浆体的水化进程存在显著的不同.相对于基准水泥浆体,矿渣、硅灰的掺入增强了蒸养浆体早期的水化进程,但随龄期的延长这种促进作用减弱;而粉煤灰、石灰石粉对蒸养浆体的水化进程影响不显著.蒸养提高了矿渣和硅灰早龄期的水化反应进程.蒸养浆体抗压强度与化学结合水含量之间存在显著的线性相关性,但其抗压强度随化学结合水含量的变化率小于标养浆体.     

纳米CaCO3对硅酸盐水泥水化特性的影响

为研究纳米CaCO3对硅酸盐水泥水化特性的影响,利用微量热仪法测试了不同掺量纳米CaCO3对硅酸盐水泥水化放热影响,利用差示扫描热分析-热重(DSC-TG)法分析了其水化产物中Ca(OH)2含量与结合水量,并研究不同掺量纳米CaCO3对水泥基材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,在本试验条件下,纳米CaCO3的掺入促进了水泥的水化放热速率,水化放热亦随之增加;随着纳米CaCO3掺量增大,硅酸盐水泥水化生成的Ca(OH)2含量与化学结合水量皆增加;掺入纳米CaCO3水泥基材料的抗折和抗压强度提高,掺量为1.5％(质量分数)时对水泥基材料的力学性能提高最为显著.研究结果显示纳米CaCO3加速了硅酸盐水泥的水化.     

矿渣-水泥复合胶凝体系低温水化动力学研究

研究了低温下矿渣-水泥复合胶凝体系的水化反应特性和水化反应动力学.研究表明:低温下,复合胶凝体系的水化放热速率随着矿渣掺量的增加和环境温度的降低而下降;非蒸发水含量随着矿渣掺量的增加呈现降低的趋势;对已有水泥水化动力学方程进行计算,得到了低温条件下复合胶凝体系的动力学参数以及不同阶段反应速率和水化度间的关系,通过计算获得的动力学参数,可以对低温条件下复合胶凝体系不同反应阶段水化反应程度进行预测;在水化早期,复合胶凝体系中矿渣水化程度较低,消耗少量Ca(OH)2,使生成C-S-H凝胶的Ca/Si降低较少.在水化后期,复合胶凝体系中矿渣水化消耗较多的Ca(OH)2,使生成C-S-H凝胶的Ca/Si降低较多.矿渣掺量为50％时,硬化浆体C-S-H凝胶的Ca/Si远小于纯水泥体系.     

矿物掺合料对水泥浆体-集料界面性能的影响

研究了矿渣、粉煤灰及钢渣三种矿物掺合料对硅酸盐水泥浆体-集料界面区氢氧化钙晶体取向指数及界面区厚度的影响.实验结果表明,矿渣可以降低界面处的Ca(OH)2取向指数,粉煤灰可以降低界面区的厚度,但钢渣会增大界面区氢氧化钙晶体的取向指数及界面区厚度;提高钢渣细度或将钢渣与矿渣、粉煤灰复合可在一定程度上提高含钢渣水泥浆体与集料界面的性能;降低水胶比并提高比表面积,钢渣与矿渣复合水泥浆体与集料的界面区Ca(OH)2取向指数仍较大,但界面区厚度却明显减小.     

Investigation of blended cement hydration by isothermal calorimetry and thermal analysis

Hydration of portland cement pastes containing three types of mineral additive; fly ash, ground-granulated slag, and silica fume was investigated using differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA) and isothermal calorimetry. It was shown that the chemically bound water obtained using DTA/TGA was proportional to heat of hydration and could be used as a measure of hydration. The weight loss due to Ca(OH)₂ decomposition of hydration products by DTA/TGA could be used to quantify the pozzolan reaction. A new method based on the composition of a hydrating cement was proposed and used to determine the degree of hydration of blended cements and the degree of pozzolan reaction. The results obtained suggested that the reactions of blended cements were slower than portland cement, and that silica fume reacted earlier than fly ash and slag.     

Hydration of fly ash-portland cements

Hydration products of fly ash-portland cements were studied with x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as part of a continuing research effort to understand the pozzolanic activity of fly ashes. It was found that the amount of calcium hydroxide crystals in the cement pastes is diminished due to the addition of fly ash to the cement. Ettringite was produced in the early age, and the consumption of sulfate by the formation of ettringite was accelerated by the addition of fly ash. A partial conversion of ettringite to monosulfate within the first 7 days of hydration in the fly ash-portland cement pastes, but the formation of ettringite continued to form up to at least 28 days of hydration in the pastes without fly ash. Examination of the fly ash bearing pastes showed, in all cases, varying amounts of calcium hydroxide and unreacted portland cement, with minor quartz and gehlenite hydrate. It appears that hydration reactions actually occur in the fly ash cement pastes more or less on a particle-by-particle basis.     

含硫铝酸钙硅酸盐水泥中粉煤灰活化机理

用差示扫描-热重分析扫描电镜和化学分析法研究了含硫铝酸钙粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥和含硫铝酸钙矿渣硅酸盐水泥水化过程中水化产物的种类、形状、数量和孔溶液离子浓度等方面的变化规律.借助固体高分辨核磁共振波谱技术对水泥中硅氧四面体不同聚合状态的分布,Al的不同配位状态进行分析.结果表明:含硫铝酸钙硅酸盐水泥对粉煤灰激发作用大于对矿渣的激发作用,含硫铝酸钙粉煤灰水泥水化放热量多,促进粉煤灰玻璃体中AlO2-的溶出,在较高温度粉煤灰玻璃体网络结构激活,解聚速率加快.     

高掺量粉煤灰水泥胶凝材料的水化性能研究

用ＴＭＳ－ＧＣ,ＸＲＤ,ＤＴＡ,ＳＥＭ等方法研究了高掺量粉灰水泥胶凝材料的水化性能;分析了粉煤灰掺量、激发剂等对高掺量粉煤灰水泥胶凝材料水化性能的影响,并与硅酸盐水泥的水化性能进行了对比。结果认为：高掺量粉煤灰水泥的水化速度低于不掺灰的硅酸水泥的水化速度,但后期增长较快;激发剂能加快高掺量粉煤灰水泥的水化速度。     

Study on high-strength composite portland cement with a larger amount of industrial wastes

It is one of important measures for the sustainable development of cement industry to utilize industrial wastes. High-strength composite portland cement with a large amount of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), fly ash and limestone was prepared by separate grinding method, optimizing gypsum and using activators. The total amounts of blending materials are between 45% and 65% and the strength grades of cements reach 525 or even 625 according to Chinese national standard for composite portland cement. Besides setting time and strength, the hydration heat, drying shrinkage and sulfate resistance were also determined.     

活化煤矸石细粉-水泥复合胶凝材料水化性能研究

主要采用XRD、DTA/TG、SEM、MIP及等温微量量热仪研究了华新硅酸盐水泥以及掺有活化煤矸石细粉水泥胶凝体体系的水化性能和微观结构,试验证明煅烧后的煤矸石具有火山灰活性。掺有活化煤矸石细粉的水泥浆体结构较疏松,孔隙较多,但随着龄期的增长,浆体结构变得越来紧密,其主要的水化产物亦为水化硅酸钙凝胶、钙矾石和Ca(OH)2晶体。     

Modeling the hydration of concrete incorporating fly ash or slag

Granulated slag from metal industries and fly ash from the combustion of coal are industrial by-products that have been widely used as mineral admixtures in normal and high strength concrete. Due to the reaction between calcium hydroxide and fly ash or slag, the hydration of concrete containing fly ash or slag is much more complex compared with that of Portland cement. In this paper, the production of calcium hydroxide in cement hydration and its consumption in the reaction of mineral admixtures is considered in order to develop a numerical model that simulates the hydration of concrete containing fly ash or slag. The heat evolution rates of fly ash- or slag-blended concrete is determined by the contribution of both cement hydration and the reaction of the mineral admixtures. The proposed model is verified through experimental data on concrete with different water-to-cement ratios and mineral admixture substitution ratios.     

Relationship between free chloride and total chloride contents in concrete

Linear relationships between free chloride and total chloride contents in concrete are proposed based on the results of several long-term exposure tests under marine environment for various cements, such as ordinary portland cement (OPC), high early strength portland cement (HES), moderate heat portland cement (MH), calcium aluminate cement (AL), slag cements of Types A (SCA) and B (SCB), and fly ash cement of Type B (FACB). A high chloride-binding ability is found for AL as compared to the other cements. Replacing the OPC with slag reduces the chloride-binding ability. The proposed linear relationships show reasonably good agreement with field data obtained from the wharf structures.     

水泥熟料中氧化镁的水化和膨胀性能

采用ＸＲＤ,ＤＳＣ等方法研究了熟料中氧化镁的水化及其膨胀性能,结果表明,料中氧化镁是一种制造膨胀型水泥的好材料,但它的缺陷在于水化及膨胀十分缓慢,利用钙矾石在早期产生膨胀的性能对熟料中氧化镁的延缓性能膨胀加以改进。可以为制造微膨胀型中热水泥和低热矿渣水泥提供依据。