Synchronizable test sequences based on multiple UIO sequences

A test sequence generation method is proposed for testing the conformance of a protocol implementation to its specification in a remote testing system where both external synchronization and input/output operation costs are taken into consideration. The method consists of a set of transformation rules that constructs a duplexU digraph from a given finite state machine (FSM) representation of a protocol specification; and an algorithm that finds a rural postman tour in the duplexU digraph to generate a synchronizable test sequence utilizing multiple UIO sequences. If the protocol satisfies a specific property, namely, the transitions to be tested and the UIO sequences to be employed form a weakly-connected subgraph of the duplexU digraph, the proposed algorithm yields a minimum-cost test sequence. X.25 DTE and ISO Class 0 transport protocols are shown to possess this property. Otherwise, the algorithm yields a test sequence whose cost is within a bound from the cost of the minimum-cost test sequence. The bound for the test sequence generated from the Q.931 network-side protocol is shown to be the cost sum of an input/output operation pair and an external synchronization operation     

Modbus协议一致性测试的自动化方法

现有Modbus协议一致性测试中尚未形成测试自动化方法,给测试的有效性和客观性带来了不利影响,为了解决这一问题,提出一致性测试的自动化方法的体系结构,它由测试用例生成器和测试结果分析器组成,然后基于体系结构实现了一致性自动化测试系统。在实际应用中该系统发现了一些隐藏的Modbus一致性问题,证明了该方法的可用性和有效性。     

Evaluation and improvement of fault coverage of conformance testingby UIO sequences

The fault coverage of testing protocols using unique input/output (UIO) sequences is analyzed. UIO sequences can be efficiently employed in checking the conformance specifications of protocols by using transition testing. The test sequence is found using the rural Chinese postman tour algorithm. A comprehensive fault model is developed, and analytical expressions are given for the fault coverage. The conditions for undetectability are analyzed, and a new algorithm is proposed. Simulation results and illustrative examples are presented. Overhead issues are discussed, and significant improvements are shown for achieving 100% fault coverage. The major advantage of the proposed approach is that it provides the theoretical basis for fault coverage evaluation of protocol testing using UIO sequences     

On testing hierarchies for protocols

The authors consider a protocol specification represented as a fully specified Mealy automata, and the problem of testing an implementation for conformance to such a specification. No single sequence-based test can be completely reliable, if one allows for the possibility of an implementation with an unknown number of extra states. They define a hierarchy of test sequences, parameterized by the length of behaviors under test. For the reset method of conformance testing, they prove that the hierarchy has the property that any fault detected by test i is also detected by test i+1, and show that this sequence of tests converges to a reliable conformance test. For certain bridge sequence methods for constructing test sequences, this result does not always hold. In experiments with several specifications, they observe that given a small number of extra states in an implementation, the sequence of tests converge to a total fault coverage for small values of i, for both reset and bridge sequence methods. They also observe that the choice of characterizing sequence has less effect on fault coverage than the choice of behavior length or number of extra states in the implementation     

Probabilistic testing of OSI protocols

Protocols are large and complex software systems. Complete conformance testing of an implementation against its standard may not be feasible in terms of the resources available. This paper discusses a new approach, the P-method, to the testing of meaningful subsets of communication protocols for an asynchronous model of communication. The approach is based on the probabilistic verification of protocols, which is carried out on the more probable part of the protocol first. The technique can be used for generating probabilistic test sequences for the conformance testing of communication protocols to standards. The proposed method yields meaningful protocol test sequences which test the most probable behaviors of a protocol when the testing of the complete protocol is not feasible. Probabilistic test sequences can be categorized into different classes. The higher the class a probabilistic test sequence is in, the larger the extent of the protocol it covers, and the better is the fault coverage. If the class of a test sequence is high enough, its fault coverage is comparable to the fault coverage of test sequences generated by other methods. Results from a study of the P-method, using alternating bit protocol (ABP) and a subset of NBS TP4 as examples, support the claims above. It can also be shown that if errors are introduced only to the more probable part of the protocol, the fault coverage of P-method is also comparable to other methods     

下一代因特网IS-ISv6协议一致性测试系统设计

介绍了一种IS-ISv6协议一致性测试系统的设计方法。该方法使用带有控制通道的多个虚拟测试器环境,用TCL语言作为测试例的描述语言,具有很好的测试能力和灵活性。在介绍IS-ISv6的基础上,设计并实现了IS-ISv6的协议一致性测试系统,并对一基于FreeBSD平台的IS-ISv6一致性测试实现的结果进行了分析。     

基于TTCN-3的CoAP一致性测试

协议一致性测试是确保协议实现与协议标准相一致的重要保障,有助于协议实现的进一步完善。CoAP (constrained application protocol)即受限应用协议是特别为受限节点和受限网络设计的通用应用层协议。CoAP目前仍处于草案阶段,对 CoAP进行了分析,并基于标准化测试语言TTCN-3设计实现了CoAP一致性测试系统,并使用该系统对CoAP实现进行了测试。     

基于TTCN的测试执行方法及其应用

测试执行是协议一致性测试系统中的主要部分，本文提出一种基于测试描述语言ＴＴＣＮ的操作语义对标准测试集进行了解释执行的测试执行方法，利用这种方法所实现的一致性测试系统具有很强的灵活性和独立性，同时大大提高了测试的效率，另外，我们还介绍了基于这种测试方法所完成的协议一致性测试系统（ＰＣＴＳ）的总体结构，设计思想以及测试配置。     

一种可变测试集的协议一致性测试方法

目前常用的协议一致性测试的测试方法是首先对协议规范建模,然后通过模型生成测试集,最后执行测试集.这种方法存在执行效率不高和实际测试范围可能被缩小的问题,为此本文提出一种可变测试集的方法,通过动态执行测试集提高其执行效率,同时从与协议实现无关的角度扩大协议的实际测试范围.     

LTE系统RRC协议一致性测试例的设计与实现

以LTE(长期演进)系统RRC(无线资源控制)实现的协议一致性为目的,并结合LTE协议一致性测试的特点和实际开发经验,设计一种通过开发TTCN-3(测试和测试控制表示法版本3)测试例来验证协议一致性的新方案。并基于德国Testing Tech公司开发的TTworkbench平台运行TTCN-3测试例,自动生成GFT图(图形表示格式),有效检验了RRC层功能实现的协议一致性。目前该方案已成功应用于LTE系统TTCN扩展测试集仪表开发的项目中。     

利用半可控接口进行通信协议一致性测试

介绍了一种基于半可控接口的图转换算法，并应用于某通信产品的H．245协议一致性测试中，不仅增加了可测试转换的数目，还使得变换后的EFSM可以直接应用传统的测试序列生成方法产生最优的测试序列，错误覆盖率和测试效率都得到了显著的提高。     

PPP一致性测试研究

PPP协议(Point to Point Protocol)作为目前Internet上所广泛采用协议,它在单机入网和路由器之间互连具有非常重要的作用.在这样的背景下,就需要一种手段来检验和保证各种互连设备中的PPP模块实现的正确性.本文在扼要地介绍PPP协议的基础上,分析了PPP的测试组织、测试方法和测试集的设计,提出了适合于PPP一致性测试的测试结构,并对实际的路由器进行了PPP一致性测试.     

基于UIO的协议一致性测试序列生成方法改进

在协议一致性测试中关键则在于寻找一条简捷高效的测试序列。在基于UIO序列的基础上提出BUIO序列的方法,并运用中国邮递员算法和启发式算法对其进行优化。     

TCS:TCP协议一致性测试系统的设计和实现

本文阐述了一个对ＴＣＰ协议进行一致性测试的测试系统的设计和实现。着重介绍了该系统的测试方法和系统结构，并分析了基于ＥＦＳＭ模型的一致性测试集的生成技术。     

基于构造类别代数的变异分析

在通信协议的一致性测试中,可以使用构造类别代数来对协议进行形式化的描述.本文将变异分析引入构造类别代数中,设计了应用于构造类别代数的几类变异算子,并且提出了使用变异分析对基于构造类别代数描述的协议进行一致性测试的基本步骤.这种方法为基于构造类别代数的协议测试提出了一个新的方向.     

七号信令ISUP协议的一致性测试

本文在简单描述协议一致性测试基本概念的基础上，阐述了ＩＳＵＰ协议一致性测试的理论和方法。详细介绍了已经研制成功的ＩＳＵＰ协议的一致性测试系统。     

基于形式化技术的帧中继拥塞控制协议一致性测试

帧中继作为重要的广域网协议得到了日益广泛的应用，但是相关的测试活动却非常有限。本文在深入分析了帧中继拥塞控制协议的基础上对其进行了一致测试研究和实际测试。针对帧中继拥塞控制协议的特点，采用穿越测试法设计生成了基于形式化技术的一致性测试集，并且将利用协议集成测试系统取得一致性测试的研究成果应用到路由器的开发和研制过程中。     

链路管理协议的一致性测试

链路管理协议(LMP)是自动交换光网(ASON)控制平面协议栈的一个重要组成部分,由于厂家对协议实现的不同理解,通信设备的协议非一致性问题日趋严重。本文对LMP协议进行了分析,介绍了一种基于测试仪的LMP一致性测试方案,对运行控制平面协议栈的仿真机进行了测试,给出了测试结果分析,并总结了ASON测试现状。     

DMR空中接口协议一致性测试技术的研究

文章介绍了DHR的产生、发展以及DMR协议体系结构。基于协议一致性测试的基本概念,划分出了DHR协议一致性测试集,分析了一种特定的DMR一致性测试系统,对基站DLL层的一致性测试进行了具体的分析和研究。     

TD-LTE终端协议一致性测试自主开发测试例的设计与实现

基于TICN语言的一致性测试原理和测试方法,针对TD-LTE终端协议一致性测试系统中无法实现个性化流程测试的问题,提出用户自主开发测试倒的方案。介绍了。TD-LTE终端一致性测试系统的软件结构。在此基础上重点研究了基于IBMRational Systems Tester、其他1rrCN工具、非TYCN语言和GUI的四种开发方案。通过仿真平台测试表明,个性化流程方案设计合理。