Solution processible naphthalene and perylene bisimides: Synthesis,electrochemical characterization and application to organic field effect transistors (OFETs) fabrication

A series of alkyl- or alkylphenyl-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic-1,4:5,8-bisimides together with the comparative series of the corresponding 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-3,4:9,10-bisimides have been synthesized and characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The naphthalene bisimides family shows a clear dependence of its first reduction potential – corresponding to the LUMO level – on the nature of the N-substituent. Naphthalene bisimides containing alkylphenyl groups undergo the first 1e reduction at potentials of ca. 100 mV higher than those with alkyl groups (ca. −900 mV vs ca. −1000 mV with respect to Fc/Fc⁺ couple). No effect of the nature of the substituent is observed for the corresponding perylene bisimide series. Due to their improved solution processibility the synthesized organic semiconductors can be used for the fabrication of all organic, flexible n-channel field effect transistors (OFETs) through spin coating and printing techniques, without the necessity of the use of vacuum deposition techniques. The best of the fabricated transistors, operating in air show the charge carriers mobility of 4 × 10⁻² cm²/(V s) and the ON/OFF ratio equal to 4.5 × 10⁵.     

An Overview of Some Developments in Crystallographic Computing Methods Worldwide

The field of computational methods for X-ray crystallographic structure solution is currently in a state of rapid flux, arising both from internal development of the methods employed, and from external pressures of new applications of the technology. These pressures have formed a basis for a number of new, large scale collaborative projects involving a range of disciplines and geographical groupings. The paper will examine some of the motivations for change, and then some of the new projects which are arising from them will be discussed in more detail.     

Biologically inspired design

This paper reviews research on biologically inspired design, and has three main parts. The first part surveys examples relevant to three groupings of manufacturing research. The second part presents general methods that support biomimetic design, including different approaches for the steps involved in identifying and applying relevant biological analogies for any given problem. The third part details examples that illustrate the use of a general biomimetic design method, which identifies analogies from natural-language biological information. Finally, insights and conclusions are drawn and synthesized.     

Semantic segmentation of high-resolution remote sensing images using fully convolutional network with adaptive threshold

ABSTRACT

Semantic segmentation is an important method to implement fine-grained semantically understand for high-resolution remote sensing images by dividing images into pixel groupings which can then be labelled and classified. In the field of computer vision (CV), the methods based on fully convolutional network (FCN) are the hotspot and have achieved state-of-the-art results. Compared with popular datasets in CV such as PASCAL and COCO, class imbalance is a problem for multiclass semantic segmentation in remote sensing datasets. In this paper, an FCN-based model is proposed to implement pixel-wise classifications for remote sensing image in an end-to-end way, and an adaptive threshold algorithm is proposed to adjust the threshold of Jaccard index in each class. Experiments on DSTL dataset show that the proposed method produces accurate classifications in an end-to-end way. Results show that the adaptive threshold algorithm can increase the score of average Jaccard index from 0.614 to 0.636 and achieve better segmentation results.     

基于可制造性特征的制造资源建模

可制造性评价是缩短开发周期、优化制造工艺、降低产品成本的有效途径。产品的可制造性取决于特定制造资源的加工能力。制造资源模型的开发是可制造性评价的基础。为了更好地利用制造资源信息，提出一种模糊C均值聚类算法与遗传算法相结合的混合算法，根据制造特征对制造资源进行分组，基于制造资源约束的Object-Oriented方法建立制造资源信息模型，设计可制造性评价框架。通过对32台加工设备进行划分，使用混合算法动态确定最优分组数目和该数目下的最优分组。结果表明：混合算法可靠有效，能够提高应用企业的整体绩效，增强决策的可行性，并有利于管理层做出更明智的决策。     

Quantitative Throwing Power

The effects, on levelling, of variations in agitation, pH and temperature are shown to be in accord with a hypothesis of levelling action put forward earlier. Measurements of levelling power on microgroove record masters are found to indicate satisfactorily the relative levelling action to be expected on commercially abraded surfaces. Cathode-potential measurements have been made with 60 addition agents in nickel solutions and with 30 in acid-copper solution, and where application of the hypothesis to the potential values promised strong levelling action, actual levelling powers were measured. In all such cases, high values were obtained. A method is described which permits rapid identification of levelling agents, by means of a simple cathode-potential change, Δ E^m. It is shown that a non-levelling agent such as saccharin can modify the behaviour of a levelling agent. Published Polarographic results are empirically related to levelling action, and it is demonstrated that certain groupings in the addition-agent molecule favour levelling.     

处理电流密度对钴基非晶薄带巨磁阻抗效应的影响

本文研究了焦耳处理工艺的处理电流密度对Co68.15Fe4.35Si12.5B15和Co71．8Fe4．9Nb0.8Si7．5B15非晶薄带巨磁阻抗效应的影响。样品在不同电流密度下进行了处理。实验结果表明：焦耳处理存在最佳电流密度,对Co68.15Fe4.35Si12.5B15窄带来说,最佳处理电流密度为30A／mm^2,处理后样品的阻抗变化率峰值和灵敏度分别为119％和73％／Oe;对Co71．8Fe4．9Nb0.8Si7．5B15窄带来说,最佳处理电流密度为35A／mm^2,处理后的阻抗变化率峰值为232％,灵敏度在30A／mm^2时达到42％／Oe。处理后样品的内应力得到有效释放,软磁性能提高,使薄带的巨磁阻抗效应较淬态时有了明显提高。处理电流密度是焦耳处理方法中影响钴基非晶薄带巨磁阻抗效应的一个重要参数。     

Effects of Indium Doping on the Properties of Cd1-xMnxTe Crystals

通过近红外和红外透过谱表征,确定出掺铟后碲锰镉晶体透过率迅速下降,这是晶格吸收和自由载流子吸收共同作用的结果;而光致发光谱的分析结果表明,掺杂后施主-受主对峰增加,受主束缚激子峰减弱,且随着In含量的增加,受主束缚激子峰消失,只剩下施主-受主对峰。这一系列变化是因为替代的In原子作为施主补偿了Cd空位的缘故。拉曼光谱的测量显示,In掺杂导致"类CdTe"的纵向光学声子峰减弱;而磁学的测试结果则说明In的引入几乎不引起碲锰镉晶体磁化强度的变化。     

熔体处理对A357合金枝晶搭接点的影响

采用双热电偶法分别测得不同熔体处理A357合金的枝晶搭接点，进而通过热分析法分别计算出枝晶搭接点的固相体积分数fs^coh。结果表明，冷却速率和晶粒细化处理对fs^coh的增大有较大影响；而变质剂（Sr）对fs^coh值的影响不明显。分析表明，冷却速率的提高以及晶粒细化剂的加入细化了晶粒和延缓枝晶的生长，从而提高fs^coh，而Sr的加入只改变Si的形态，对fs^coh的影响不大。     

Influence of Ca addition on valence electron structure of Mg_(17)Al_(12)

1　INTRODUCTIONMagnesiumalloyshaveemergedaspotentiallygoodcandidatesfornumerousapplications ,especiallyinautomotive ,aerospaceandelectronicindustry .Theirgoodproperties ,suchaslowdensity ,highspe cificstrengthandgooddampingcapacity ,makethemthepromisingreplacementsforotherstructuralmate rials,forinstance ,steel,castiron ,andevenalu minum[1,2 ] .Thewidelyusedmagnesiumalloysbe longtoMg Al Zn (AZ)series ,suchasAZ91(Mg 9Al 1Zn) ,whichhaveexcellentcastability ,goodroomtemperaturemechanicalp…     

Ag／CuO复合材料界面稳定性的第一性原理计算

通过对银氧化铜复合材料界面第一性原理计算与界面高分辨透射电镜的分析,研究银氧化铜复合材料界面的稳定性。通过对低指数面的银与氧化铜界面的总态密度和界面结合能计算,考察银氧化铜反应合成后最稳定的结合界面,通过高分辨透射电镜分析并对计算结果进行验证。结果表明:银的(110)面与氧化铜的(100)面的结合能最大,容易形成稳定的结合界面,从界面态密度和电子云分布进一步证实此结果;通过高分辨透射电镜分析发现反应合成后银的(101)与氧化铜的(002)面属于稳定结合面,而(101)与(110)面,(002)与(100)面分别属于同一个晶面簇,其界面结合稳定性相近,这说明第一性原理模拟计算结果与实验结果能够很好地吻合。     

Co、Ni添加对FeBYNb块体非晶合金玻璃形成能力和磁性能的影响

采用铜模吸铸工艺成功制备了一系列的(Fe_(1-x-y)Co_yNi_x)_(68.4)B_(23)Y_(4.6)Nb_4块体非晶合金,并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差热分析仪(DTA)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试块体非晶合金的结构、热稳定性和磁性能.探讨了不同Co、Ni含量对(Fe_(1-x-y)Co_yNi_x)_(68.4)B_(23)Y_(4.6)Nb>.4>系合金玻璃形成能力(GFA)及磁性能的影响.结果表明:合金(Fe_(0.5)Co_(0.5))_(68.4)B_(23)Y_(4.6)Nb_4、(Fe_xNi_(1-x)_(68.4)B_(23.6)Nb_4(x=0.05、0.1、0.15、0.2)、(Fe_(1-x-y)Co_yNi_x)_(68.4)B_(23)Y_(4.6)Nb_4(x=0.15、0.3、0.45,y=0.1、0.2)均可制得直径为3 mm的非晶棒.该系列合金均具有良好的软磁性能,但随着Co、Ni含最的增加,其饱和磁化强度均下降.     

含钇聚碳硅烷制备碳化硅纤维(英文)

将钇元素作为烧结助剂引入到聚碳硅烷(PCS)中制备含钇PCS。由含钇PCS制成SiC(OY)和SiC(Y)2种碳化硅纤维。对SiC(OY)纤维转变成SiC(Y)纤维的结构与相关特性的变化进行研究。SiC(OY)纤维的化学组成为SiC1.23O0.05Y0.005,纤维是无定型结构;SiC(Y)纤维含有大量的直径为50nm的β-SiC晶粒和少量的α-SiC晶粒,钇元素存在于SiC晶粒之间。SiC(OY)的拉伸强度为2.25GPa,断裂韧性为2.37MPa.m1/2;SiC(Y)的拉伸强度为1.61GPa,断裂韧性为1.91MPa.m1/2;SiC(Y)纤维比SiC(OY)纤维具有更好的热稳定性。     

Ni/Co比例及微量Dy对FeCoNiBSiNb块体非晶合金玻璃形成能力和磁性能的影响

采用水冷铜模吸铸工艺制备了一系列的(Fe0.5Co1-xNix)72B19.2Si4.8Nb4(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25,0.3,0.4)块体非晶合金.并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差热分析仪(DTA)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试了块体非晶合金的结构、热稳定性和软磁性能.探讨了不同Ni/Co比例及添加稀土元素Dy对FeCoNiBSiNb系合金玻璃形成能力(GFA)、热稳定性及磁性能的影响.结果表明:当x=0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2时可制备出直径2mm的非品合金棒,但不能获得3mm非晶合金棒,x=0.25,0.3,0.4均不能获得直径2mm的非晶合金棒,且随Ni/Co比例的增大,即随Ni含量的增加,热稳定性先增加,后逐渐减小,过冷液相区△Tx逐渐减小,非晶合金的玻璃形成能力呈下降趋势,非晶合金的饱和磁化强度(Ms)下降.添加1 at%Dy后,提高了合金的非晶形成能力,可制备出直径3mm的[(Fe0.5Co0.4Ni0.1)72B19.2Si4.8Nb4]99Dy1非晶合金棒,但合金的Ms下降.     

多元稀土掺杂锂锰氧正极材料的结构及性能表征

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电池性能测试系统研究了多元稀土掺杂锂锰氧正极材料的相结构、形貌,并对其活化性能、循环稳定性能进行了表征。结果表明:采用Pechini法合成多元稀土掺杂LiMn2O4样品时,只有将掺杂元素的含量严格控制在一定范围内,所合成的LiMn2O4、LiLa0.03Mn1.97O4、LiLa0.012Ce0.012Mn1.976O4、LiLa0.012Nd0.012Mn1.976O4、LiCe0.012Nd0.012Mn1.976O4样品才具有纯尖晶石型LiMn2O4结构。当稀土掺杂元素含量较高时,所合成的LiLa0.015Ce0.015Mn1.97O4、LiLa0.015Nd0.015Mn1.97O4、LiCe0.015Nd0.015Mn1.97O4样品由LiMn2O4相及微量杂质相CeO2、Nd2O3、CeO2+Nd2O3组成。所有样品呈规则的近球形或球形,其粒径范围为0.5～2.8μm。适量的稀土元素掺杂将使LiMn2O4材料的初始容量减小、充放电效率及循环稳定性能增加,LiCe0.012Nd0.012Mn1.976O4样品具有较好的综合电化学性能,其初始容量为123.5mAh/g,经30次循环充放电后的容量为113.2mAh/g,为相同条件下LiMn2O4样品放电容量的1.27倍。     

侵蚀性阴离子对A3钢腐蚀电化学行为的影响

利用电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线研究了A3钢在不同浓度的Cl^-、SO4^2-、S^2-溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,阴离子Cl^-、SO4^2-、S^2-对A3钢腐蚀速率影响较大。且在相同浓度下腐蚀速率的排序为：S^2-〉Cl^-〉SO4^2-。随着Cl^-、SO4^2-、S^2-浓度的增加,腐蚀电位负移,腐蚀电流逐渐增大,...     

预退火时间对Pd40Cu30Ni10P20玻璃转变及晶化的影响

采用示差扫描量热(DSC)分析方法,测定了大块非晶合金Pd40Cu30Ni10P20经523 K((Tg-100 K)＜7＜Tg)不同时间(0～64 h)预退火后的玻璃转变温度7g、玻璃转变峰温度TM、起始晶化温度Tx、晶化峰的峰温Tp、晶化焓以及在玻璃转变过程中的比热容增量,并根据Kissinger公式计算了晶化的表观活化能.同时,测量了不同时间预退火后样品的显微硬度.结果表明:在玻璃转变温度以下的预退火处理使Pd40Cu30Ni10P20大块非晶合金的微观原子组态发生变化,从而影响了其随后的玻璃转变行为,但对晶化的影响不大.其显微硬度随预退火时间的延长而逐步增加后趋于稳定.并利用结构弛豫理论分析了预退火对玻璃转变、晶化和显微硬度的影响.     

Co-Cr-W系等离子弧堆焊合金层显微结构的研究

用金相显微镜，X射线衍射(XRD)，扫描电镜(SEM)，透射电镜(TEM)和X射线能谱(EDS)对等离子弧堆焊Co—Cr—W系多元合金层进行了研究，结果表明，合金层基体为具有(200)晶面择优取向的Co基固溶体，Co基固溶体中存在许多堆垛层错；与固溶体组成共晶体的碳化物主要为具有六方点阵并含有层片状孪晶的(Cr,Fe)7C3。     

硼对稀土系AB5型贮氢合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响

测试分析了稀土系AB5型贮氢合金MmNi3.8Co0.4Mn0.6Al0.2Bx(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)的微观结构及电化学性能, 研究了硼含量x对贮氢合金电化学性能及微观结构的影响.结果表明, 铸态贮氢合金具有双相组织, 主相为CaCu5型相, 还有少量CeCo4B第二相, 第二相的相丰度随x的增加而增大.对合金进行了不同淬速的快淬处理, 合金中第二相的量随淬速的增加而减少.硼的加入使合金的电化学容量下降, 但活化性能及循环寿命明显提高.特别是对于快淬态合金, 硼对因促进非晶的形成而显著提高循环寿命.     

Corrosion performance of a hot-dip galvanized steel treated by different kinds of conversion coatings

The anticorrosive performance of various kinds of conversion coatings including Cr(VI) and Cr(III) were studied on hot galvanized steel (HDG). The effect of Co(II) and Ni(II) ions was also examined on the Cr(III) coating performance. DC and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were conducted when the specimens were immersed in 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride solution. The coating morphology was observed using SEM. Micro-cracks were observed on both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) treated samples. The results indicated a decrease in the corrosion rate of HDG when the Cr(III) or Cr(VI) conversion coatings were found on the surface. The greater anticorrosion resistance of a Cr(VI) treated sample (compared with a Cr(III) one) was obtained at low immersion times. However, a significant decrease in self healing behavior and therefore corrosion resistance of the Cr(VI) treated sample was observed at longer immersion times. The anticorrosion resistance of Cr(III) treated samples was significantly improved using Co(II) or Ni(II) conversion coatings on Cr(III) treated samples. On the other hand, a lower decrease in corrosion performance of samples treated by Cr(III) and Co(II) or Ni(II) was obtained after a long immersion time in corrosive environment. It was found that, the passive and barrier layer which the Co(II) or Ni(II) conversion coating can produce on the Cr(III) coating can superiorly improve its anticorrosion resistance.