油田轻烃分馏产品精制及深加工技术探讨

油田轻烃分馏与精制是石油化工的重要组成部分,对分馏产品的深加工能够实现轻烃的综合利用。主要介绍了轻烃精馏的基本原理,分析了轻烃分馏与精制的工艺流程和系统控制,介绍了分馏产品的深加工技术。     

油田轻烃分馏与精制技术研究

轻烃分馏与精制过程是石油行业中决定产品质量和生产能力最常用的物理分离过程之一,因此本文将对油田轻烃分馏与精制技术进行深入探讨。文章将主要分析轻烃分馏装置的工艺流程以及轻烃分馏控制。     

油田轻烃分馏产品精制及深加工技术

油田轻烃分馏与精制是石油化工的重要组成部分,在石油化工工作中扮演着十分重要的角色,而对分馏出来的产品开展深加工则可以实现对于轻烃的综合利用。同时,通过油田轻烃深加工技术的开展也可以获得很多重要的化工原料,进而为化工行业的发展带来一定的帮助。主要结合轻烃精馏的原理,探讨油田轻烃分馏产品精制技术以及油田轻烃深加工技术。     

轻烃深加工技术现状综述

油田轻烃是重要的化工原料,对油田轻烃进行精制及深加工能够得到多种重要的化工产品,显著提升轻烃附加值,提高产品的市场竞争力,创造可观经济效益。为此,对轻烃深加工技术现状进行了介绍,详细探讨了混合轻烃和单组分轻烃的深加工技术,对于提升油田轻烃的综合利用具有重要意义。     

全国各大科研院所、高等院校、科技开发公司技术转让项目

高温煤焦油洗油常温脱色除臭技术,煤焦油中馏分常温脱色除臭技术,煤焦油型混合柴油技术转让,工业炉用透明的煤焦油型洗油混合柴油技术,中低温煤焦油蒸馏油脱色除臭技术,中低温煤焦油蒸馏油脱色除臭后调制柴油技术,减线润滑油基础油常温一步法精制脱色技术……     

全国各大科研院所、高等院校、科技开发公司技术转让项目

高温煤焦油洗油常温脱色除臭技术;煤焦油中馏分常温脱色除臭技术;煤焦油型混合柴油技术转让;工业炉用透明的煤焦油型洗油混合柴油技术;中低温煤焦油蒸馏油脱色除臭技术;中低温煤焦油蒸馏油脱色除臭后调制柴油技术;减线润滑油基础油常温一步法精制脱色技术;     

全国各大科研院所、高等院校、科技开发公司技术转让项目

高温煤焦油洗油常温脱色除臭技术；煤焦油中馏分常温脱色除臭技术；煤焦油型混合柴油技术转让；工业炉用透明的煤焦油型洗油混合柴油技术；中低温煤焦油蒸馏油脱色除臭技术；中低温煤焦油蒸馏油脱色除臭后调制柴油技术；减线润滑油基础油常温一步法精制脱色技术；     

全国各大科研院所、高等院校、科技开发公司技术转让项目

高温煤焦油洗油常温脱色除臭技术；煤焦油中馏分常温脱色除臭技术；煤焦油型混合柴油技术转让;工业炉用透明的煤焦油型洗油混合柴油技术;中低温煤焦油蒸馏油脱色除臭技术;中低温煤焦油蒸馏油脱色除臭后调制柴油技术;减线润滑油基础油常温一步法精制脱色技术;……     

金属有机框架材料对轻烃气体的分离和提纯

轻烃混合物的分离和提纯是石油化学工业中非常重要的过程之一。用固体吸附剂进行吸附分离,不仅可以潜在地降低成本,而且可以提高效率。因此,当前在常温条件下开发固体吸附剂用于高效选择性吸附轻烃混合物的需求是相当迫切的。金属有机框架材料作为一类新型的多孔有机无机杂化材料,由于其无与伦比的特性显示出良好解决这一挑战任务的前景。本文综述了MOFs材料作为分离和提纯轻烃混合物分离剂的研究进展和作用机理,包括了甲烷的提纯、炔烃/烯烃、烷烃/烯烃等的分离。最后,讨论了在材料领域中,MOFs材料的进一步研究存在问题和未来可能研究方向。     

全国各大科研院所、高等院校、科技开发公司技术转让项目

高温煤焦油洗油常温脱色除臭技术,煤焦油中馏分常温脱色除臭技术,煤焦油型混合柴油技术转让,工业炉用透明的煤焦油型洗油混合柴油技术,中低温煤焦油蒸馏油脱色除臭技术,中低温煤焦油蒸馏油脱色除臭后调制柴油技术,减线润滑油基础油常温一步法精制脱色技术,焦化柴油脱色除臭技术,     

The hydrocarbon fraction of virgin olive oil and changes resulting from refining

In numerous Spanish virgin olive oils, 6,10-dimethyl-1-undecene, various sesquiterpenes, the series ofn-alkanes from C14 to C35, n-8-heptadecene and squalene are the only less volatile components detected by gas chromatography in the hydrocarbon fraction. In oils from olives of the Arbequine variety, a series ofn-9-alkenes has also been found. In refined oils, notable features are the absence of the most volatile compounds and the appearance of other hydrocarbons produced during the refining process. Among these,n-alkanes, alkadienes (mainlyn-hexacosadiene), stigmasta-3,5-diene, isomerization products of squalene, isoprenoidal polyolefins coming from hydroxy derivatives of squalene and steroidal hydrocarbons derived from 24-methylene cycloartanol were identified. Physical refining produces larger amounts of degradation products and greater losses ofn-alkanes than chemical processing. Squalene is the major hydrocarbon component in all oils, both virgin and refined. The ranges of concentration for the different hydrocarbons found in Spanish virgin olive oils are presented.     

Application of alumina supported gold-based catalysts in total oxidation of CO and light hydrocarbons mixture

Gold nanoparticles supported on alumina have been produced using the anionic exchange method and ammonia washing procedure. The catalysts are tested in the reaction of total oxidation of a mixture of light hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in order to study the possibility of application in the reduction of cold start emissions. The obtained results are promising according to the temperature range observed for the oxidation of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The results obtained for acetylene confirms the difference of oxidation of this hydrocarbon over gold catalysts. An ageing procedure has been employed. This procedure does not affect the comportment of the catalysts versus hydrocarbon oxidation.     

Simulation Study of a Novel Process Co‐Producing Synthesis Gas and Light Olefins

There are abundant resources of heavy hydrocarbons worldwide, and their utilization is becoming more widespread as time progresses. The present paper proposes a process that combines coke gasification and heavy hydrocarbon pyrolysis, producing synthesis gas and light olefins. Simulation studies on the process are carried out by using Aspen Plus. The results show that the temperature of the gasification‐pyrolysis can be controlled by changing the feed rate of O₂ and steam. In addition, the coke jam problem can be solved by increasing the gasification‐pyrolysis temperature or residence time. The maximum amount of light olefins can be acquired by controlling the gasification‐pyrolysis residence time. More than 37 wt % heavy hydrocarbons are changed to synthesis gas with more than 15 wt % changed to light olefins in the case studied.     

Coupling pinch analysis and rigorous process simulation for hydrogen networks with light hydrocarbon recovery

In refineries, some hydrogen-rich streams contain considerable light hydrocarbons that are important raw materials for the chemical industry. Integrating hydrogen networks with light hydrocarbon recovery can enhance the reuse of both hydrogen and light hydrocarbons. This work proposes an automated method for targeting hydrogen networks with light hydrocarbon recovery. A pinch-based algebraic method is improved to determine the minimum fresh hydrogen consumption and hydrogen sources fed into the light hydrocarbon recovery unit automatically. Rigorous process simulation is conducted to determine the mass and energy balances of the light hydrocarbon recovery process. The targeting procedures are developed through combination of the improved pinch method and rigorous process simulation. This hybrid method is realized by coupling the Matlab and Aspen HYSYS platforms. A refinery hydrogen network is analyzed to illustrate application of the proposed method. The integration of hydrogen network with light hydrocarbon recovery further reduces fresh hydrogen requirement by 463.0 m³·h^-1 and recovers liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline of 1711.5 kg·h^-1 and 643 kg·h^-1, respectively. A payback period of 9.2 months indicates that investment in light hydrocarbon recovery is economically attractive.     

催化裂化油浆糠醛精制工艺研究

以大庆石化总厂催化裂化油浆为原料,糠醛作为分离溶剂,可以有效地将油浆的可裂化组分与稠环芳烃分离。实验考察了抽提温度,质量剂油比和停留时间对精制效果的影响。结果表明,在抽提温度为60℃,溶剂比为2:1,停留时间30min时,油浆的分离效果较好。产品中精制油饱和烃的含量高达80%,具有良好的催化裂化性能,抽出油可作为芳香型橡胶填充油的调和组分。     

Processing of hydrocarbons in an AC discharge nonthermal plasma reactor: An approach to generate reducing agents for on-board automotive exhaust gas cleaning

Light hydrocarbons and H₂ can be used to enhance NO_x reduction efficiency and regenerate sulfur-poisoned NO_x storage catalysts, and therefore are valuable for automotive exhaust gas cleaning. The processing of hydrocarbons in an alternating current (AC) discharge nonthermal plasma reactor was studied for the instant generation of light hydrocarbons and H₂ at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. n-Octane and n-hexane were used as model hydrocarbons. Effects of hydrocarbon feedstock, electrode diameter, applied voltage, flow rate of carrier gas, gap size, and residence time of hydrocarbon molecules, were investigated systematically. Cracking is the only detected reaction during n-octane conversion (which might be very attractive for the cracking of heavy oil), and is the dominant reaction during n-hexane conversion. Catalytic dehydrogenation, catalytic addition, and noncatalytic cracking reactions, were discussed. The cleavage mode of single carbon–carbon bonds is revealed to be relevant to the carbon number of hydrocarbon molecules. Conversions, yields, power consumption, energy efficiencies, generation of hydrogen, etc, were determined and discussed. This study is of importance to novel processing of hydrocarbons at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, instant generation of hydrogen, cleaning of automotive exhaust gas, and chemistry in nonthermal plasma reactors.     

轻烃低温芳构化制取高辛烷值汽油

考察了反应温度、空速和高径比条件对轻烃在分子筛催化剂上低温芳构化制取高辛烷值汽油性能的影响。结果表明,反应温度和空速对催化剂的催化性能有明显影响,提高反应温度有利于提高芳烃收率,增加进料空速,催化剂芳构化性能下降,芳烃二次反应也减少。在450 ℃、1.0 h^-1和高径比为6.0的条件下,此轻烃在ZSM-5催化剂作用下,可得到高辛烷值汽油,其初馏点为49 ℃,干点为203 ℃,烯烃质量分数为13.42%,芳烃质量分数为84.24%,辛烷值为101,可作汽油调和组分,也可直接作汽油使用。     

锆基MOF次级结构单元调控及轻烃吸附分离性能增强

从天然气中回收C₂/C₃轻烃组分具有重要的工业价值,吸附分离技术可在常温常压下实现轻烃的回收。对MOF材料进行次级结构单元（SBU）调控,可在继承其晶体结构和发达孔道的同时,优化孔道化学微环境并引入新的吸附位点。使用三嗪（TZ）取代Zr-TBAPy(NU-1000)SBU中的配位水分子,在其孔道内构筑对轻烃吸附质具有更强限域作用的碱性表面化学微环境,得到了高选择性的新型TZ@Zr-TBAPy吸附剂。TZ的引入在分子尺度上提高了孔道的表面粗糙度,同时强化对轻烃吸附质的限域作用,提高材料对烷烃的吸附容量和选择性。常温常压下,TZ@Zr-TBAPy对丙烷和乙烷的吸附容量分别为10.08和4.19 mmol?g^-1,比Zr-TBAPy提高了27%和9%,是目前国际上已报道的丙烷吸附容量最高的吸附剂之一。此外,丙烷/甲烷的IAST选择性为1518,是原材料的6.27倍;乙烷/甲烷的IAST选择性为11.7,比原材料提高了22%。更为重要的是,以TZ@Zr-TBAPy吸附剂为核心的固定床吸附过程可实现在常温常压天然气中乙烷和丙烷的一步分离回收。     

Separation of light hydrocarbons with ionic liquids: A review

Light hydrocarbons(C_1–C_4) are fundamental raw materials in the petroleum and chemical industry. Separation and purification of structurally similar paraffin/olefin/alkyne mixtures are important for the production of highpurity or even polymer-grade light hydrocarbons. However, traditional methods such as cryogenic distillation and solvent absorption are energy-intensive and environmentally unfriendly processes. Ionic liquids(ILs) as a new alternative to organic solvents have been proposed as promising green media for light hydrocarbon separation due to their unique tunable structures and physicochemical properties resulting from the variations of the cations and anions such as low volatility, high thermal stability, large liquidus range, good miscibility with light hydrocarbons, excellent molecular recognition ability and adjustable hydrophylicity/hydrophobicity. In this review, the recent progresses on the light hydrocarbon separation using ILs are summarized, and some parameters of ILs that influence the separation performance are discussed.     

润滑油糠醛加助溶剂精制技术的研究进展

综述了国内外润滑油糠醛加助溶剂精制的研究进展,主要介绍了在糠醛中加入表面活性剂、轻质烃、环氧氯丙烷、脱酸助剂、脱氮助剂、DMF等的研究结果,认为润滑油糠醛加助溶剂精制技术将是今后润滑油精制的发展方向.