模糊相关图割的非监督层次化彩色图像分割

目的 基于阈值的分割方法能根据像素的信息将图像划分为同类的区域,其中常用的最大模糊相关分割方法,因能利用模糊相关度量划分的适当性,得到较好的分割结果,而广受关注。然而该算法存在划分数需预先确定,阈值的分割结果存在孤立噪声,无法对彩色图像实施分割的问题。为此,提出基于模糊相关图割的非监督层次化分割策略来解决该问题。方法 算法首先将图像划分为若干超像素,以提高层次化图像分割的效率;随后将快速模糊相关算法与图割结合,构成模糊相关图割2-划分算子,在确保分割效率的基础上,解决单一阈值分割存在孤立噪声的问题;最后设计了自顶向下层次化分割策略,利用构建的2-划分算子选择合适的区域及通道,迭代地对超像素实施层次化分割,直到算法收敛,划分数自动确定。结果 对Berkeley分割数据库上300幅图像进行了测试,结果表明算法能有效分割彩色图像,分割精度优于Ncut、JSEG方法,运行时间较这两种方法也提高了近20%。结论 本文算法为最大模糊相关算法在非监督彩色图像分割领域的应用提供指导依据,能用于目标检测和识别领域。     

Interactive color image segmentation via iterative evidential labeling

We develop an interactive color image segmentation method in this paper. This method makes use of the conception of Markov random fields (MRFs) and D–S evidence theory to obtain segmentation results by considering both likelihood information and priori information under Bayesian framework. The method first uses expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate the parameter of the user input regions, and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) is used for model selection. Then the beliefs of each pixel are assigned by a predefined scheme. The result is obtained by iteratively fusion of the pixel likelihood information and the pixel contextual information until convergence. The method is initially designed for two-label segmentation, however it can be easily generalized to multi-label segmentation. Experimental results show that the proposed method is comparable to other prevalent interactive image segmentation algorithms in most cases of two-label segmentation task, both qualitatively and quantitatively.     

Adaptive fuzzy color segmentation with neural network for road detections

In this paper a new color space, called the RGB color ratio space, is proposed and defined according to a reference color such that an image can be transformed from a conventional color space to the RGB color ratio space. Because a color in the RGB color ratio space is represented as three color ratios and intensity, the chrominance can be completely reserved (three color ratios) and the luminance can be de-correlated with the chrominance. Different from traditional distance measurement, a road color model is determined by an ellipse area in the RGB ratio space enclosed by the estimated boundaries. A proposed adaptive fuzzy logic in which fuzzy membership functions are defined according to estimated boundaries is introduced to implement clustering rules. Therefore, each pixel will have its own fuzzy membership function corresponding to its intensity. A basic neural network is trained and used to achieve parameters optimization. The low computation cost of the proposed segmentation method shows the feasibility for real time application. Experimental results for road detection demonstrate the robustness to intensity variation of the proposed approach.     

一种基于区域的彩色图像分割方法

提出一种基于区域的彩色图像分割方法，该方法首先选用适当的彩色空间对图像中的每个像素抽取颜色、纹理及空间位置等综合特征，形成基于像素的综合特征空间；利用模糊C均值聚类方法，在综合特征空间中进行聚类，利用模糊熵的原理获得最佳聚类的簇数目，得到初步的区域分割，最后利用连接原理对图像区域进一步分割。该方法还提供了丰富的区域特征。     

Color image segmentation—an innovative approach

In this paper we describe a color image segmentation system that performs color clustering in a color space and then color region segmentation in the image domain. For color segmentation, we developed a fuzzy clustering algorithm that iteratively generates color clusters using a uniquely defined fuzzy membership function and an objective function for clustering optimization. The fuzzy membership function represents belief value of a color belonging to a color cluster and the mutual interference of neighboring clusters. The region segmentation algorithm merges clusters in the image domain based on color similarity and spatial adjacency. We developed three different methods for merging regions in the image domain. Unlike many existing clustering algorithms, the image segmentation system does not require the knowledge about the number of the color clusters to be generated at each stage and the resolution of the color regions can be controlled by one single parameter, the radius of a cluster. The color image segmentation system has been implemented and tested on a variety of color images including satellite images, car and face images. The experiment results are presented and the performance of each algorithm in the segmentation system is analyzed. The system has shown to be both effective and efficient.     

Color image segmentation using automatic pixel classification with support vector machine

Automatic segmentation of images is a very challenging fundamental task in computer vision and one of the most crucial steps toward image understanding. In this paper, we present a color image segmentation using automatic pixel classification with support vector machine (SVM). First, the pixel-level color feature is extracted in consideration of human visual sensitivity for color pattern variations, and the image pixel's texture feature is represented via steerable filter. Both the pixel-level color feature and texture feature are used as input of SVM model (classifier). Then, the SVM model (classifier) is trained by using fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) with the extracted pixel-level features. Finally, the color image is segmented with the trained SVM model (classifier). This image segmentation not only can fully take advantage of the local information of color image, but also the ability of SVM classifier. Experimental evidence shows that the proposed method has a very effective segmentation results and computational behavior, and decreases the time and increases the quality of color image segmentation in compare with the state-of-the-art segmentation methods recently proposed in the literature.     

融合双特征图信息的图像显著性检测方法

目的 图像的显著性检测是将图像中最重要的、包含丰富信息的区域标记出来,并应用到图像分割、图像压缩、图像检索、目标识别等重要领域。针对现有研究方法显著性目标检测结果不完整以及单一依靠颜色差异检测方法的局限性,提出一种综合图像底层颜色对比特征图和图像颜色空间分布特征图的显著性检测方法,能够有效而完整地检测出图像中的显著性区域。方法 本文方法结合了SLIC超像素分割和K-means聚类算法进行图像特征的提取。首先,对图像进行SLIC（simple linear iterative clustering）分割,根据像素块之间的颜色差异求取颜色对比特征图;其次,按照颜色特征对图像进行K-means聚类,依据空间分布紧凑性和颜色分布统一性计算每个类的初步颜色空间分布特征。由于聚类结果中不包含空间信息,本文将聚类后的结果映射到超像素分割的像素块上,进一步优化颜色空间分布图;最后,通过融合颜色对比显著图和图像颜色空间分布特征图得到最终的显著图。结果 针对公开的图像测试数据库MSRA-1000,本文方法与当前几种流行的显著性检测算法进行了对比实验,实验结果表明,本文方法得到的显著性区域更准确、更完整。结论 本文提出了一种简单有效的显著性检测方法,结合颜色对比特征图和图像颜色空间分布特征图可以准确的检测出显著性区域。该结果可用于目标检测等实际问题,但该方法存在一定的不足,对于背景色彩过于丰富且与特征区域有近似颜色的图像,该方法得到的结果有待改进。今后对此算法的优化更加侧重于通用性。     

一种基于主色外观图的彩色图像分割算法

在对三维传统的颜色直方图(CCH)作出了一系列改进的基础上,提出了一种基于主色外观图(DCG)的新的彩色图像分割方法.首先根据改进后的颜色直方图确立彩色图像的近似主色成分,然后再利用CIE-1976色差公式分别计算出其每个像素与主色之间的距离,并据此建立相应图像的颜色距离直方图(CDH),它精确地反映了图像像素与参考色之间的色彩相似度.为了证实CDH在彩色图像分割中的效用性,又通过进一步地扩展得到了CDH集,或可称为主色外观图.实验结果表明,就精确性、鲁棒性和计算的复杂度而言,基于DCG的分割方法能够得到比传统阈值法和聚类法更好的分割效果.     

基于模糊C均值聚类的多分量彩色图像分割算法

以模糊C均值(FCM)聚类理论为基础,选用符合人眼视觉特性的HSI颜色空间,提出了一种新的多分量彩色图像分割算法。该算法首先结合数据分布特点确定出H分量与I分量的初始聚类中心;然后利用FCM聚类技术对H分量、I分量进行分类处理,以得到不同分量的像素点隶属度;最后,将所得到的不同分量像素点隶属度组织成2维特征,并以此进行模糊聚类图像分割。实验结果表明,该算法可有效提高图像分割效果,其分割结果优于传统FCM聚类图像分割方案。     

Fuzzy homogeneity and scale-space approach to color image segmentation

Image segmentation is the procedure in which the original image is partitioned into homogeneous regions, and has many applications. In this paper, a fuzzy homogeneity and scale-space approach to color image segmentation is proposed. A color image is transformed into fuzzy domain with maximum fuzzy entropy principle. The fuzzy homogeneity histogram is employed, and both global and local informations are considered when we process fuzzy homogeneity histogram. The scale-space filter is utilized for analyzing the fuzzy homogeneity histogram to find the appropriate segments of the homogeneity histogram bounded by the local extrema of the derivatives. A fuzzy region merging process is then implemented based on color difference and cluster sizes to avoid over-segmentation. The proposed method is compared with the space domain approach, and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

一种稳健的足球机器人目标识别算法

视觉系统是类人足球机器人获取环境信息的主要途径。在比赛中,受场地光照等比赛环境的影响,用传统的分割识别算法难以达到满意的效果。文中提出一种结合目标颜色和形状信息的识别算法。该算法在HSI空间执行基于颜色信息的快速阀值分割,获取目标像素,并且加入了自适应阀值更新,然后利用目标像素和目标形状信息执行优化边缘检测识别目标,最终获得目标在图像中准确的位置信息。实验证明：该算法能长时间在不同光照条件下稳定获取对象在图像中的位置信息,满足实时性的要求。     

基于显著性密度修正的均值漂移分割算法

针对固定空间和色彩带宽的均值漂移分割算法无法解决的错分割问题,提出一种基于显著性特征进行密度修正的均值漂移分割算法。首先基于密度估计的主颜色量化结果计算区域视觉显著性;其次,将区域视觉显著性融合像素级显著性作为色彩特征空间聚类的密度修正因子,将密度修正后的融合图像作为输入执行均值漂移分割;最后进行小区域合并获得最终分割结果。实验结果显示,所提分割算法在四种尺度上的真实边界准确率和召回率平均值达到0.64和0.78,与其他方法相比,分割精度有显著的提高;同时,在视觉上有效提高了目标完整性,增强了自然图像中目标分割的鲁棒性。     

Color image segmentation using pixel wise support vector machine classification

Image segmentation is an important tool in image processing and can serve as an efficient front end to sophisticated algorithms and thereby simplify subsequent processing. In this paper, we present a color image segmentation using pixel wise support vector machine (SVM) classification. Firstly, the pixel-level color feature and texture feature of the image, which is used as input of SVM model (classifier), are extracted via the local homogeneity model and Gabor filter. Then, the SVM model (classifier) is trained by using FCM with the extracted pixel-level features. Finally, the color image is segmented with the trained SVM model (classifier). This image segmentation not only can fully take advantage of the local information of color image, but also the ability of SVM classifier. Experimental evidence shows that the proposed method has a very effective segmentation results and computational behavior, and decreases the time and increases the quality of color image segmentation in comparison with the state-of-the-art segmentation methods recently proposed in the literature.     

Retinal vessel segmentation using enhanced fuzzy min-max neural network

Automated segmentation of retinal vessels plays a pivotal role in early diagnosis of ophthalmic disorders. In this paper, a blood vessel segmentation algorithm using an enhanced fuzzy min-max neural network supervised classifier is proposed. The input to the network is an optimal 11-D feature vector which consists of spatial as well as frequency domain features extracted from each pixel of a fundus image. The essence of the method is its hyperbox classifier which performs online learning and gives binary output without any need of post-processing. The method is tested on publicly available databases DRIVE and STARE. The results are compared with the existing methods in the literature. The proposed method exhibits efficient performance and can be implemented in computer aided screening and diagnosis of retinal diseases. The method attains an average accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 95.73%, 74.75% and 97.81% on DRIVE database and 95.51%, 74.65% and 97.11% on STARE database, respectively.

     

基于条件能量对抗网络的肝脏和肝肿瘤分割

从图像中分割出肝脏和肝肿瘤是肝部疾病诊断重要手段之一,现有基于卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network,CNN）方法通过为输入图像中每个像素分配类别标签来实现肝脏和肝肿瘤分割。CNN在对每个像素分类过程中没有使用邻域内其他像素类别信息,容易出现小目标漏检和目标边界分割模糊问题。针对这些问题,提出了条件能量对抗网络用于肝脏和肝肿瘤分割。该方法基于能量生成对抗网络（Energy-Based Generative Adversarial Network,EBGAN）和条件生成对抗网络（Conditional Generative Adversarial Network,CGAN）,使用一个基于CNN的分割网络作为生成器与一个自编码器作为判别器,通过将判别器作为一种损失函数来度量并提升分割结果与真实标注之间的相似度。在对抗训练过程中,判别器将生成器输出的分割结果作为输入并将原始图像作为条件约束,通过学习像素类别之间的高阶一致性提高分割精度,使用能量函数作为判别器避免了对抗网络训练中容易出现的梯度消失或梯度爆炸,更易于训练。在MICCAI 2017肝肿瘤分割（LiTS）挑战赛的数据集和3DIRCADb数据集上对提出的方法进行验证,实验结果表明,该方法不仅实现了肝脏与肝肿瘤的自动分割,还利用像素类别之间的高阶一致性提升了肿瘤和肝脏边界的分割精度,减少了小体积肿瘤的漏检。     

基于模糊核聚类的图像SVM分类辨识

提出一种结合特征场和模糊核聚类支持向量机的图像分类辨识方法。首先,构造符合人类视觉特性的图像彩色和纹理特征数据场,一方面,引入新阈值,建立图像纹理特征;另一方面,在图像彩色特征上,对能够引起注意的像素区域的像素点进行加权处理,并使用彩色空间分布离散度来描述彩色的空间分布。其次,采用模糊核聚类支持向量机对图像进行分类研究。在使用特征空间时,不仅考虑了样本与类中心间的关系,还考虑了类中各个样本间的关系,以模糊连接度来度量类中各个样本间的关系,并以二叉树方式构造子分类器。实验结果表明,该方法可以获得较好的图像分类效果。     

使用模糊竞争Hopfield网络进行图像分割

针对传统自组织竞争学习方法的不足,将模糊竞争学习引入竞争Hopfield网络中,由此设计了一个用于图像分割的模糊竞争Hopfield网络,通过将图像空间映射到灰度特征空间,实现灰度特征集的模糊聚类,进而实现图像分割.实验结果表明:对于二值分割,与Ostu方法相比,此算法在分割效果和对噪声的自适应能力方面具有明显的优点.对于多类分割,此算法比目前的FCM(fuzzy C mean)算法的处理速度要快.     

基于矢量量化和区域生长的彩色图像分割新算法

针对光照变化和阴影对图像分割的不利影响问题,提出了一种基于矢量量化和区域生长的彩色图像分割新算法。该算法不仅考虑了彩色图像的颜色信息,而且也考虑了彩色图像的空间信息。该算法首先利用一种修改的GLA算法对彩色图像进行量化,并根据彩色图像量化的结果选取种子像素;然后基于矢量角相似性准则,并结合像素空间邻接信息,对每一个种子像素进行区域生长;最后利用模糊C-M eans算法来对未能归类的剩余像素进行分类。实验表明,该算法不仅可以在很大程度上克服光照变化及阴影对图像分割的不利影响,而且分割结果与人的主观视觉感知具有良好的一致性。     

基于改进的ISODATA算法彩色图像分割

如何对彩色图像中的目标进行快速、精确的有效分割是计算机视觉和图像分析的重点和难点。提出了一种基于区域的彩色图像分割方法。该方法首先选择合适的彩色空间,提取出图像中的每个像素点的颜色、纹理、位置等综合特征,形成特征向量空间;在特征空间中,运用改进的ISODATA算法自适应地确定初始聚类数目和聚类中心,然后对图像进行聚类和区域分割,最后抽取出图像区域的特征,并与相类似的方法进行了比较实验。实验结果表明,该方法能够产生较好的分割效果及较快的分割速度,适合于基于图像区域检索系统,具有较好的应用价值。