颗粒阻尼器损耗因子外因特性研究

对稳态能量流法测量阻尼损耗因子的原理进行了推导,采用稳态能量流法对某型颗粒阻尼器的阻尼损耗因子进行了实验研究。对粘贴有该颗粒阻尼器的钢板进行了振动仿真分析与实验相结合的研究,验证了稳态能量流法测量损耗因子方法的正确性。实验结果表明,该颗粒阻尼器的阻尼损耗因子随加速度变化呈现明显的“分段表征”特性,随频率变化呈现明显的“山脊”特性。对颗粒阻尼器表现出该特性的原因进行了理论分析。     

基于离散单元法颗粒阻尼的耗能研究

提出了用于颗粒阻尼耗能研究的新算法,建立了颗粒阻尼软球耗能模型,并通过研究颗粒层之间的滑移和竖直压力来计算颗粒层之间的耗能情况,通过迭代法得到颗粒阻尼中摩擦耗能情况,并由此推导出颗粒阻尼摩擦耗能的理论计算公式。在简谐激励条件下,对圆柱形钢制容器内的颗粒体耗能情况进行测试,系统地研究了颗粒层深度对阻尼性能的影响,试验结果对理论计算给予了有效验证,同时得出随着颗粒填充高度的增加,阻尼效果明显加强。     

带颗粒减振剂碰撞阻尼的减振特性

传统碰撞阻尼的工作原理大都建立在动量交换、摩擦耗能的范围内,动量交换并没有将振动能量永久地消耗掉,摩擦对于高频振动具有较好的减振效果,而对于低频振动效果较差。为此提出一种以微细颗粒塑性变形将振动能量永久消耗掉的新型的碰撞阻尼,称为带颗粒减振剂碰撞阻尼。分别对在传统单体碰撞阻尼和带颗粒减振剂碰撞阻尼作用下悬臂梁减振效果进行试验研究。试验结果表明：以微细颗粒塑性变形消耗振动能量的带颗粒减振剂碰撞阻尼具有优秀的减振效果,远远超过传统单体碰撞阻尼器。带颗粒减振剂碰撞阻尼在低频振动(低于50 Hz)中仍然具有良好减振性能,这是其他碰撞阻尼所缺乏的特性。机械振动多为低频振动,带颗粒减振剂碰撞阻尼具有广阔的应用前景。     

球-平板微动摩擦行为研究

阻尼接头结构的圆锯片可减振降噪,使得研究阻尼对振动的影响具有重要意义。使用ABAQUS建立了球-平板的微动摩擦接触模型,运用分形理论,对阻尼接头表面粗糙度分形函数进行了修正,结合经典赫兹理论和弹塑性理论得出了法向阻尼因子的计算公式。将计算出的阻尼因子和预定的摩擦因数添加到分形模型中进行有限元分析,得到在静载荷作用下,阻尼接头应力分布云图及6种能量的耗散曲线图,以此可以观察阻尼材料或者发生接触时的摩擦损耗。结果表明:阻尼接头在微小范围内的滑动能够起到摩擦耗能的作用。     

两颗粒弹塑性正碰撞的耗散模型

为了快速地得到颗粒碰撞后的运动状态,从而实现颗粒碰撞阻尼系统的整体仿真研究,建立颗粒在单个碰撞周期中的分段力学模型.该模型将颗粒的单个碰撞周期分为三个阶段,通过三个阶段的力学分析得出颗粒在关键节点的运动状态,最终得到颗粒碰撞后的反弹速度、碰撞过程中的恢复系数和能量损耗的解析表达式.随后采用有限元方法对两颗粒的弹塑性碰撞过程进行模拟,有限元分析结果与分段力学模型的结果吻合较好,证明了分段力学模型的正确性.最后应用此分段力学模型对颗粒的碰撞速度、颗粒材料参数包括屈服点、弹性模量、密度和颗粒大小对耗能效果的影响进行定量的分析计算.计算结果表明,材料的屈服点和弹性模量之比越小,碰撞耗能效果越好;同时,质量密度越大的材料,耗能效果也越好;在设计颗粒阻尼器时可以以此为原则选用碰撞伙伴的材质.以上研究结果可以用于颗粒碰撞阻尼系统的阻尼特性分析和整体仿真研究.     

颗粒阻尼用于鼓式制动器减振降噪

分析了颗粒阻尼用于鼓式制动器减振降噪的可行性,并对其阻尼特性进行了试验研究.建立某鼓式制动器的有限元模型,在考虑摩擦衬片和制动鼓之间摩擦接触的情况下,计算了当制动鼓周缘具有填装颗粒的孔洞时在制动工况下制动鼓的应力状况.向制动鼓周缘的孔洞填充不同材料、不同填充比的颗粒,通过试验获得静态下制动鼓模态阻尼比随颗粒参数的变化情况.结果表明,颗粒阻尼器可有效提高制动鼓的模态阻尼比,具有良好的减振降噪效果.     

颗粒阻尼的回归分析研究

利用回归设计的方法对颗粒阻尼进行二次回归正交组合试验，建立了其减振特性的非线性回归模型，并通过试验验证了该回归模型的正确性。分析得到颗粒阻尼减振特性与主要参数之间的关系，并利用非线性优化的方法对颗粒阻尼的参数进行了优化设计。     

纳米CeO_2颗粒形貌对润滑油摩擦性能的影响

采用XRD、TEM等手段对利用沉淀法制备的纳米CeO2粉体结构特征和形貌进行了表征,并考察了焙烧温度对纳米CeO2颗粒体形貌及对500SN基础油摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:焙烧温度低于400℃制备的纳米CeO2粉体能降低500SN基础油的摩擦因数;而高于600℃焙烧的纳米CeO2粉体将会增大其摩擦因数和磨斑直径;焙烧温度越高,纳米CeO2颗粒的晶体结构越完整,且颗粒由近球形变为不规则的多面体,存在着尖锐的边角,导致了摩擦性能的降低;焙烧温度较低时,颗粒表面非晶成分的存在有利于提高基础油的摩擦性能。     

颗粒阻尼器近似理论模型研究

颗粒阻尼由于其独有的优势特点,得到了国内外学者的广泛关注。然而尽管目前对于颗粒阻尼的研究很多,但大多集中在试验和仿真两方面。颗粒阻尼的高度非线性特性,使得很难从理论上对其进行定量分析研究,这也在一定程度上限制了颗粒阻尼技术的发展。针对这一问题,提出一种非线性颗粒阻尼器的线性等效方式,此等效方式能够在给定的振动环境下充分体现颗粒阻尼的耗能特点。将其应用于颗粒阻尼动力吸振器的模型简化,并与试验结果进行对比,发现理论模型计算的频响函数曲线与试验测得的数据吻合程度较高,由此证明了理论模型的准确性;研究还发现振动加速度是影响颗粒阻尼器耗能特性的主要因素,其对于颗粒阻尼器等效模型的三个主要参数均有不同程度的影响,且这些参数随振动加速度有效值的变化规律与通过试验和仿真得到的结论相一致,其中人们最为关心的等效黏性阻尼系数,其随振动加速度的变化符合Gamma分布。     

基于碰撞理论的颗粒阻尼计算模型及试验研究

以自由自由空腔梁为研究对象，填充阻尼性能好、密度小的粘弹性颗粒。从碰撞力学的角度来建立颗粒单元的动力学分析模型，并计算损耗因子，计算结果与试验结果有很好的一致性。同时采用随机激励，并通过大量的试验进一步对颗粒阻尼的减振特性进行了较深入的研究。     

基于摩擦耗能原理的抑振镗杆

讨论了摩擦耗能镗杆的原理,建立了有非线性库仑干摩擦环节的力学模型,并以摩擦参数为变化量,通过数值分析的方法考察了模型的吸振效果。研制了一种基于摩擦减振的新型镗杆,结合颤振发生的机理与切削稳定性理论,分析了不同摩擦条件下镗杆的抑振效果。将不同摩擦条件下的镗杆切削实验结果与理论模型仿真结果进行对比,发现在既定的摩擦阻尼器中,有滑动摩擦与粘接两个状态,而且存在一个最优正压力使得滑动摩擦消耗能量达到最大值又不处于粘接的状态,此时系统抑振效果达到最佳。切削实验发现基于摩擦减振原理的镗杆有良好的颤振抑制效果。      

Mechanism of energy dissipation in mechanical system with dry friction

Determination of the energy dissipative mechanism in a mechanical system composed of two elastic structures in dry contact is presented. The analysis is based on the measurement of displacement ratio of the contacting elastic structures as a function of frequency due to light impulse excitation at a single point on any of the two elastic structures. The theoretical analysis depends on a very simple model of a two-degree-of-freedom system where two solid friction models are adopted in the analysis of the mathematical model. Several experiments are presented to illustrate the dominant friction mechanism of contacting surfaces within the micro slip regime in a frequency range of oscillation up to 400 Hz. It was shown experimentally that the solid friction model behaves in a way that is described as structural (hysteretic) damping. In other words, the energy dissipated due to dry friction during micro slip regime does not depend on the relative velocity between the two contacting surfaces but it is proportional to their relative displacements. The determination of the contact stiffness and damping loss factor in addition to their variation with the applied normal load was also shown.     

Non-obstructive particle damping using principles of gas-solid flows

Non-obstructive particle damping is a type of nonlinear damping related to the velocity amplitude of a vibrating structure. Many scholars have spent considerable time researching the damping and energy dissipation mechanism due to interparticle collision and friction, and they achieved corresponding results by using the principles of gas-solid flows and discrete element method. However, the damping mechanism due to kinetic dissipation between particles and gas has been entirely ignored. In this paper, a mathematical evaluation of the damping mechanisms due to kinetic dissipation is performed by using the principles of gas-solid flows. For systematic research into the application of non-obstructive particle damping technology in engineering practice, the improved model is perfectly embedded into finite element software by using co-simulation technology, in which MATLAB invokes a COMSOL file and controls the calculation process. A frequency analysis of the experiment verifies that the prediction accuracy of the improved model is obviously increased. Moreover, energy dissipation was explored by using the principles of gas-solid flows. Results indicate that particle damping technology can effectively control the structure vibration at a higher-order frequency. However, the energy dissipation mechanism takes effect at a lowerorder frequency.     

Effect of internal friction in the dynamic behavior of aerodynamic foil bearings

The development of aerodynamic foil bearings in the past decade is due, for a major part to environmental reasons because: first, air is a clean lubricant and second foil bearings can be used in very critical thermal environment: air has a poor sensitivity to high temperature changes. Foil bearings are often used for very high velocity turbines. Experimental studies have shown the capability of foil bearing to work under rather high load capacity with good dynamic behavior. Numerical simulations are now able to predict with a good accuracy foil bearing load capacity. They take into account foil deformation and dry friction between foils. For dynamic simulation, dry friction has been taken into account only through damping coefficient. As damping is not completely similar to dry friction, this paper is a first attempt in taking account its effect in the foil bearing dynamic behavior. A non-linear model, coupling a simplified equation for the rotor motion to both Reynolds equation and foil assembly model is described. Then the dynamic behavior, for a given unbalance is studied. For different values of friction coefficient, the rotor trajectory is studied when velocity increased. For low and high friction coefficient, the dynamic behavior shows critical speeds. For medium values (between 0.2 and 0.4), these critical speeds disappear. This work outlines that it is possible to optimize the friction between the foils in order to greatly improve the dynamic behavior of foil bearings. With a detailed analysis of these first results we propose primary physical explanation of this phenomena.     

粘结固体润滑膜的摩擦学特性研究

采用2种不同的固体润滑粉末(石墨和二硫化钼)分别与溶剂、粘结树脂组合制得粘结固体润滑剂,涂敷于钢板表面成膜,然后对得到的粘结固体润滑膜的润滑性能、物理化学性能和耐磨性能进行了测试。结果表明:粘结固体润滑剂中的固体粉末含量越多、颗粒越细,润滑膜的润滑性能越好,但固体粉末含量的增加影响了润滑膜的干燥时间,附着力、柔韧性和耐冲击性能也变差;只有当润滑剂中加入了适量固体粉末后,得到的润滑膜的减磨效果最佳。     

Application of impulse damper in control of a chaotic friction-induced vibration

Friction-induced vibration is an important phenomenon with adverse effects on many dynamic systems involving friction. In this study, a very simple and well-known one-dimensional friction-induced dynamic system is considered in which the novel PZT stack impulse damper is incorporated into the system. It has been shown that by appropriately tuning the damping parameters, the chaotic behavior is removed quickly and efficiently. It has also been demonstrated that the system is sensitive to parameter change, and minimal modification of these parameters can revert the chaotic or periodic motion.     

Improvement of motion accuracy and energy consumption of a mechanical feed drive system using a Fourier series-based nonlinear friction model

Friction occurring in all mechanical systems, such as computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine tools, is an important issue in achieving the high accurate performance. Friction adversely affects not only motion accuracy of drive axes but also excessively consumes energy. Feed drives of CNC machines normally operate all day and night around the world, and therefore consumed energy reduction is highly expected. The motivation behind this work is to construct a novel friction model that can comprise many unknown friction sources in both low and high velocity regions and enable a friction compensator to precisely describe actual frictional behavior. A sliding mode control (SMC) is designed to verify the effectives of the proposed friction model in a biaxial feed drive system. Experimental results confirm that a combination of SMC and the proposed friction can effectively improve tracking accuracy and further achieve significant reduction of consumed energy compared to combining with the conventional model. Results show that the proposed approach can largely decrease the mean tracking error to less than 5 µm for each axis. The new friction also achieved effective reduction of control variance by 7.62%. Consequently, consumed energy of feed drives was significantly improved by 12.83% compared to using the conventional model.     

粉末流动温压过程中粉末堆积数值模拟与优化

基于离散元法,综合考虑重力、接触力、阻尼、摩擦、范德华力等多种作用力的影响,建立了粉末流动温压过程中粉末堆积的数学模型,对相同材料不同粒径的二元颗粒粉末和相同粒径不同材料的二元粉末颗粒的混粉过程进行了研究。通过实验研究和数值模拟的结合,得到了一个不同数量比的二元堆积的密度规律:在大小粒子直径比为10,当小粒子是大粒子数量的300倍时,获得的最大堆积密度为0.824。通过实验验证了相同粒径不同密度的二元粉末颗粒的填充模拟过程,得到了一致的实验结果。研究结果有效地验证了离散元数学模型的正确性及相关数值模拟的实用性。