Vineyard variability in Marlborough,New Zealand: characterising variation in vineyard performance and options for the implementation of Precision Viticulture

Background and Aims: Vineyards are variable. However, to date, no spatial analysis of vineyard variability has been conducted in New Zealand. We were interested to quantify variability in a Marlborough vineyard and to produce a spatial platform onto which modelled information on phenology and juice composition could be integrated. Methods and Results: A combination of remote and proximal sensing of vine vigour, direct measurement of trunk circumference, yield mapping and high resolution electromagnetic induction (EM38) soil survey was used to examine vineyard variability in a 5.9 ha Marlborough vineyard planted to Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon Blanc. Yield variation was little more than twofold, in spite of substantial variation in vine vigour which was associated with variation in the land (soil, topography) underlying the vineyard. Conclusions: A focus on tools that facilitate enumeration of variation in vine vigour may offer the greatest value to Marlborough practitioners interested in adopting Precision Viticulture approaches to grapegrowing and winemaking. EM38 soil survey appeared to be useful for describing vineyard soil variation, but because the soils that predominate over the alluvial Wairau Plains in Marlborough are shallow and stony, very low values of apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) over a narrow range were observed. However, ECa was closely correlated with trunk circumference, an index of vine vigour. In contrast to Australian studies, neither ECa, plant cell density (derived from remotely sensed imagery) nor trunk circumference were good predictors of grapevine yield. It is hypothesised that this is largely a reflection of differences in vine training systems (hand cane pruning in Marlborough vs mechanical pruning in Australia) and the greater degree of selection of buds when vines are hand pruned. Significance of the Study: This is the first such study conducted in New Zealand and provides results that contrast with similar studies conducted in Australia. Nevertheless, the maps produced are expected to provide a valuable platform for a follow‐up study aimed at understanding spatial variation in vine phenology and juice composition. The study also highlighted the power of kriging as a means of interpolating useful vineyard maps from relatively sparse, unevenly distributed sampling data.     

气候变化对中国酿酒葡萄生产的影响

酿酒葡萄的产量和品质对温度和降水的变化很敏感,气候变化因而会影响酿酒葡萄的生产。该文概述了我国主要酿酒葡萄产区的生产和气候变化;分析了温度、降水和灾害天气对酿酒葡萄生产的影响;指出我国葡萄产区将总体暖化,但干湿变化的地区差异大,因此气候变化的影响多样。新疆、东北、宁夏、山东、甘肃等产区随变暖有望扩大种植范围并增加晚熟品种的种植,东北等地或因降水变化增大而产量不稳,京津冀优质葡萄种植区域可能因升温种植区域北移或减少。建议中国酿酒葡萄生产还需更多实验性研究来应对未来气候变化。     

Climate and Bordeaux wine quality: identifying the key factors that differentiate vintages based on consensus rankings

The climate of Bordeaux, France, was examined to determine if climatic factors can distinguish between consensus vintage rankings, developed using eight ratings sources, of red and sweet white wines from 1961 to 2009. Climate variables were computed for the growing season and average plant phenological stages and were compared between the 10 highest and lowest ranked vintages. Good vintages exhibited higher heat accumulation during the growing season and a general lack of rainfall, particularly during veraison. Most climate factors were consistent for both red and sweet white wines. Mean maximum temperature during the growing season was an important discriminator between good and poor vintages for both reds and whites, although sweet white wines were also affected by growing season precipitation and temperatures during the vine's dormant period. In general, consensus vintage quality is consistent between reds and whites (Spearman's ρ?=?0.66, p?相似文献   

早熟葡萄胚抢救技术研究

针对早熟葡萄育种中胚发育不全的问题,以京秀×87-1等5个杂交组合的杂交胚为材料,采用L25 (55)的正交试验设计,进行了早熟葡萄胚抢救技术研究。结果表明,影响各个组合早熟葡萄杂交后代成苗率最重要的因素是取胚时期,其他的因素对成苗率的影响大小因基因型而异。筛选出了早熟葡萄胚挽救的最优培养时期、相对较优的基本培养基成分及几种激素浓度,积累了一批胚抢救杂交试材。     

酿酒葡萄品质与产量优化的新梢负荷确立

以优化赤霞珠葡萄果实含糖量、产量和葡萄酒色度为目标,以新梢密度为主要栽培指标,留果量和新梢节间长度为辅助调节指标,采用回归分析和多目标规划,确立了在特定的生卢条件控制新梢密度14梢/m可实现符合酿酒品质要求的经济产量.