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以蚕豆为试材,研究发芽过程中植酸酶在蚕豆不同部位的变化和性质.发芽蚕豆不同部位植酸酶活性呈现先高后低的变化趋势,子叶植酸酶在发芽第6天达最高值.超声波处理对发芽蚕豆胚根、子叶和胚芽植酸酶活性有一定促进作用,其中以15min超声波处理对胚根和胚芽植酸酶活性影响最大,5min处理、10min处理和15min处理均对子叶植酸酶活性有显著影响.在发芽过程中不同光照对蚕豆进行处理,不论胚根、子叶还是胚芽,黑暗处理植酸酶活性高于光照处理.核酸抑制剂放线菌素(Act-D)和蛋白质抑制剂环已酰胺(CHM)对发芽蚕豆胚根、子叶和胚芽中的植酸酶活性有一定影响,其中以CHM的抑制效果最为明显. 相似文献
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以蚕豆为试材,研究了发芽过程中植酸酶在蚕豆不同部位的变化和性质。发芽蚕豆不同部位植酸酶活性呈现先高后低的变化趋势,子叶植酸酶在发芽第6天达到最高值。超声波处理对发芽蚕豆胚根和子叶植酸酶活性有一定促进作用,其中以15min超声波处理对胚根植酸酶活性影响最大,5min处理、10min处理和15min处理均对子叶植酸酶活性有显著影响。在发芽过程中不同光照对蚕豆进行处理,不论胚根、子叶还是胚芽,黑暗处理植酸酶活性高于光照处理。核酸抑制剂放线菌素(Act-D)和蛋白质抑制剂环已酰胺(CHM)对发芽蚕豆胚根、子叶和胚芽中的植酸酶活性有一定影响,其中以CHM的抑制效果最为明显。 相似文献
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发芽处理对蚕豆主要营养成分与抗营养因子的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究发芽处理对启豆2号蚕豆主要营养成分与抗营养因子含量的影响。对蚕豆发芽前后蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉、VC、氨基酸、植酸和单宁含量测定。结果表明：蚕豆在发芽1d时可溶性蛋白质含量显著增加,随后逐渐下降;粗脂肪和淀粉含量均呈下降趋势;发芽2d时VC含量显著增加,达到最大58.65mg/100g,随后逐渐下降,5d后VC含量仍高于未发芽的;发芽后1～2d蚕豆的氨基酸含量略有增加;发芽1d抗营养因子植酸含量下降了33.55%,随后平缓;发芽1d蚕豆的单宁含量增加到462.70mg/100g,2～3d增加比较平稳,5d急剧增加至1306.10mg/100g。可推知,将启豆2号蚕豆发芽1～2d的作为食用及加工的较佳时期。 相似文献
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Yuwei Luo Zhenxin Gu Yongbin Han Zhigang Chen 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2009,89(5):861-866
BACKGROUND: Faba bean is one of the important legumes in Asian countries. It is also a major source of micronutrients in many rural areas. Unfortunately, the bioavailability of iron from faba bean is low because it is present as an insoluble complex with food components such as phytic acid. The influence of soaking, germination and fermentation with the expectation of increasing the bioavailability of iron was investigated. RESULTS: Fermentation treatments were most effective in decreasing phytic acid (48–84%), followed by soaking at 10 °C after preheating (36–51%). Steeping faba beans for 24 h at 25 °C had the least effect on the removal of phytic acid (9–24%). With increased germination time at 30 °C, phytic acid progressively decreased from 9 to 69%. Most wet processing procedures, except soaking after wet preheating, caused losses of dry matter and iron (8–15%). In vitro iron solubility, as a percentage of total iron in soaked faba bean after dry preheating, was significantly higher than in raw faba bean (P < 0.05). Fermentation and germination did not have significant effects on the solubility of iron. CONCLUSION: The expected improvement of iron bioavailability levels due to lower phytic acid was not confirmed by increasing levels of in vitro soluble iron. Soaking, germination and fermentation can decrease phytic acid in faba bean. However, results from in vitro solubility measurement of iron showed little improvement of iron bioavailability in fermented and germinated faba beans over untreated raw faba beans (P < 0.05). It seems that componets of dietary fibre other than phytic acid are more important in binding iron. Probably, a complex association between dietary fibre and iron is the reason for the poor bioavailability of iron in faba bean. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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蚕豆富含蛋白质、膳食纤维及各种维生素,是我国重要的食用豆,但含量较高的单宁限制了蚕豆的营养水平及加工品质。本文在总结蚕豆中单宁的化学结构和萌发过程中单宁的代谢途径的基础上,介绍了消除和降低蚕豆单宁含量的技术方法,以期为钝化单宁提供理论和技术支持。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: In vitro digestions were performed on faba bean flours with decreased phytate contents and on 2 dephytinized or nondephytinized faba bean fractions, a dehulled faba bean fraction, and a hull fraction with low and high fiber and tannin contents, respectively. In vitro bioavailability iron and zinc was defined as the relative amount of iron and zinc that became soluble after enzymatic treatment. Faba bean samples were sequentially digested with enzymes, including amylase, pepsin, pancreatin, and bile, under certain conditions following the enzymatic degradation procedure. Iron and zinc in vitro bioavailability of whole faba bean flours were significantly improved by phytate degradation, even if the phytate were not all degraded. Total dephytinization of dehulled faba bean led to an obvious increase in iron and zinc in vitro bioavailability, but that of hulls had no effect on either iron or zinc in vitro bioavailability. Fibers and tannins other than phytate are more important in chelating a high proportion of iron and zinc in faba bean hulls. 相似文献
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以蚕豆皮为材料,探讨微波预处理-乙醇提取法提取原花青素的工艺条件。分别考察预处理工艺中微波功率、微波时间、加水量,提取过程中的料液比、提取温度、提取时间对原花青素提取率的影响。结果表明：微波预处理-乙醇提取最佳工艺为微波功率140W、微波处理时间50s、加水量2mL/g、液料比21:1(mL/g)、温度55℃、70%乙醇溶液提取72min,原花青素提取率为94.53%。 相似文献
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《Journal of dairy science》2021,104(9):9801-9812
Variations in major milk minerals, proteins, and their posttranslational modifications are largely under genetic influence, whereas the effect of nongenetic factors is less studied. Through a controlled feeding experiment (incomplete balanced Latin square design), the effect of concentrate mixtures, based on fava beans, rapeseed meal, or soybean meal as main P and protein sources, on milk composition was examined under typical Danish management conditions. Concentrations of P, Ca, and Mg, together with proteomics for relative quantification of major milk proteins and their isoforms, were analyzed in milk samples from 24 cows sampled in 4 periods. Each cow was fed 1 of the 3 diets in each period with or without addition of exogenous phytase. Cows were blocked by lactation stage into early and mid-lactation (23.3 ± 6.7 and 176 ± 15 d in milk, respectively, at the beginning of the experiment, mean ± standard deviation). Significant effects of feed concentrate mixture were observed for milk protein concentration, milk urea nitrogen, citrate, and the percentage of mixed and preformed fatty acids as well as mineral composition, and their distributions within micellar or serum phases. Furthermore, relative contents of αS1-casein (CN) 9P form and unglycosylated κ-CN and thereby phosphorylation degree of αS1-CN (PD) and the glycosylation degree of κ-CN were found to be significantly affected by these diets. To our knowledge, we are the first to document that feed concentrate mixture can affect the relative concentrations of αS1-CN phosphorylation isoforms in milk, and the results suggested an effect on αS1-CN 9P and PD, but not on αS1-CN 8P. Furthermore, although only significant for αS1-CN 8P, we found a lower relative concentration of αS1-CN 8P and higher αS1-CN 9P (and thus higher PD) in milk from cows in mid compared with early lactation. Also, protein concentration and concentration of Mg in skim milk and serum as well as relative concentration of α-lactalbumin were found to be significantly affected by lactation stage. Addition of dietary exogenous phytase only had a minor effect on milk composition or functionality with significant effect detected for α-lactalbumin and micellar Mg concentration. 相似文献
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Jalal Jamalian Mohammad Ghorbani 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2005,85(6):1055-1060
The objective of the present study was to establish a suitable procedure by which favism‐inducing glycosides vicine and convicine could be completely removed from whole seeds of faba beans without distorting their shape or reducing their nutritive value. Detoxification procedures carried out were extraction by water or, 10 g l?1 acid solutions (acetic, citric and phosphoric acid) using stepwise or continuous soaking procedures. Three cultivars of the beans were used in the study. In the stepwise soaking procedures, the seeds were soaked in either water or acid solution at 40 °C for different periods while in the continuous flow techniques, the solutions were constantly passed through a seed reservoir under different time–temperature–flow rate conditions. Extraction of vicine and convicine increased with increasing temperature and period of soaking and/or continuous flow of soaking solutions. Neither stepwise soaking nor autoclaving could effectively remove the favism factors from the whole seeds. The best results were obtained with continuous flow soaking in tap water, giving vicine‐ and convicine‐free seeds. The protein contents of treated seeds were only slightly affected and their physical structure remained intact. Thus, it was concluded that the latter procedure was the method of choice for detoxification of dry whole seeds. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Marshall A Azeke Rafaat M Elsanhoty Samuel J Egielewa Mary U Eigbogbo 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2011,91(1):75-79
BACKGROUND: Grain legumes are under‐exploited as possible sources of phytase for the poultry industry. The current study was conducted to assess the effect of germination on phytase activities, phytate and total phosphorus content in samples of Nigerian‐grown grain legumes. The legumes screened were African yambean (AYB, Sphenostylis stenocarpa), lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea). RESULTS: Phytase activity was low in AYB, lima bean and pigeon pea but high in cowpea and groundnut. Phytate content ranged between 3.01 g kg?1 and 8.95 g kg?1 while total phosphorus content ranged between 2.63 g kg?1 and 5.93 g kg?1. The grain legumes with higher phytase activity recorded the lowest phytate and phosphorus content. During germination there was an initial 4‐fold to 35‐fold increase in phytase activity after 6–7 days of germination followed by a decrease until 10 days (P < 0.05). The increase in phytase activity during germination was accompanied by a significant reduction in phytate (P < 0.05) and a small but significant increase in total phosphorus. CONCLUSION: The increase in phytase activity and the accompanying decrease in phytate content could have a positive implication for the nutrition of poultry and ruminants and for the environment. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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采用超声辅助提取工艺提取红豆皮中的多酚化合物,选取乙醇体积分数、超声功率、超声时间、液料比进行单因素试验,在此基础上,采用响应面法优化工艺参数。结果表明,红豆皮多酚超声辅助提取最佳工艺参数:乙醇体积分数60%,超声功率360 W,超声时间30 min,液料比30∶1(mL/g),在此条件下的多酚提取量为(145.28±2.21)mg/g。采用高效液相色谱法测定红豆皮多酚中13种单体酚:没食子酸、芦丁、儿茶素、绿原酸、原花青素B2、表儿茶素、阿魏酸、异牡荆素、牡荆素、异鼠李素、金丝桃苷、山奈酚、槲皮素。抗氧化试验结果表明红豆皮多酚的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力略低于VC,而2,2′-联氨-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二胺盐自由基(ABTS+·)、羟自由基清除能力高于VC,说明从红豆皮中提取的多酚化合物具有较强的抗氧化活性,是一种极具开发潜力的天然抗氧化剂。 相似文献
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为探明醋浸渍对不同蚕豆原料挥发性风味成分的影响,采用固相微萃取（SPME）和气质联用技术（GC/MS）,分析鲜蚕豆、热处理鲜蚕豆和蚕豆种子经过醋浸渍后挥发性风味成分的差异和变化。结果表明:三种蚕豆原料经过醋浸后分别检测出36、31、20种挥发性风味化合物。醋浸鲜蚕豆主体风味成分是1-辛烯-3-酮,醋浸热处理鲜蚕豆主体风味成分由1-辛烯-3-酮和1-辛烯-3-醇组成,醋浸蚕豆种子主体风味成分由乙酸乙酯、壬醛、乙酸异戊酯、辛醛、丙烯酸正丁酯、己醛、庚醛、2-戊基呋喃、3-羟基-2-丁酮、苯乙醇构成。与醋浸前相比,鲜蚕豆风味化合物数量没有变化,热处理鲜蚕豆风味化合物数量略有减少,蚕豆种子风味化合物数量降低较多。 相似文献
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《Journal of dairy science》2019,102(8):7102-7117
Alternative protein sources such as microalgae and faba beans may have environmental benefits over rapeseed. We studied the effects of rapeseed meal (RSM) or faba beans (FB) as a sole protein feed or as protein feeds partially substituted with Spirulina platensis (spirulina) microalgae on milk production, N utilization, and AA metabolism of dairy cows. Eight multiparous Finnish Ayrshire cows (113 ± 36.3 d in milk; mean ± SD) were used in a balanced, replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments and 21-d periods. Four cows in one Latin square were rumen cannulated. Treatments were 2 isonitrogenously fed protein sources, RSM or rolled FB, or one of these sources with half of its crude protein substituted by spirulina (RSM-SPI and FB-SPI). Cows had ad libitum access to total mixed rations consisting of grass silage, barley, sugar beet pulp, minerals, and experimental protein feed. The substitution of RSM with FB did not affect dry matter intake (DMI) but decreased neutral detergent fiber intake and increased the digestibility of other nutrients. Spirulina in the diet decreased DMI and His intake. Spirulina had no effect on Met intake in cows on RSM diets but increased it in those on FB diets. Energy-corrected milk (ECM) and protein yields were decreased when RSM was substituted by FB. Milk and lactose yields were decreased in cows on the RSM-SPI diet compared with the RSM diet but increased in those on FB-SPI compared with FB. The opposite was true for milk fat and protein concentrations; thus, spirulina in the diet did not affect ECM. Feed conversion efficiency (ECM:DMI) increased in cows on FB diets with spirulina, whereas little effect was observed for those on RSM diets. The substitution of RSM by FB decreased arterial concentration of Met and essential AA. Spirulina in the diet increased milk urea N and ruminal NH4-N and decreased the efficiency of N utilization in cows on RSM diets, whereas those on FB diets showed opposite results. Met likely limited milk production in cows on the FB diet as evidenced by the decrease in arterial Met concentration and milk protein yield when RSM was substituted by FB. The results suggest the potential to improve milk production response to faba beans with supplementation of Met-rich feeds such as spirulina. This study also confirmed spirulina had poorer palatability than RSM and FB despite total mixed ration feeding and lower milk production when spirulina partially replaced RSM. 相似文献
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采用微量凯氏定氮、蛋白质分级提取、变性凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）等技术研究了我国蚕豆主产区20种代表性蚕豆样品的蛋白质含量,蚕豆蛋白质中水溶性、盐溶性以及醇溶蛋白质的质量分数,以及蚕豆水溶性与盐溶性蛋白质亚基的分子量分布。结果表明：中国蚕豆主产区20种蚕豆样品的蛋白含量范围26.48～32.51g/100g,20种蚕豆蛋白含量差异显著（p<0.05）。20种蚕豆样品中的水溶性蛋白、盐溶性蛋白、醇溶蛋白的含量分别为88.6%～92.4%、4.3%～7.5%、 0.3%～2.5%、其他非蛋白氮为0.3%～2.5%。不同品种间的蚕豆水溶性、盐溶性蛋白亚基组成具有一定的差异;SDS-PAGE电泳分析,蚕豆水溶性蛋白共分离出10～19条迁移率不同的条带, 亚基分子量集中在43.0～95.0ku之间, 盐溶性蛋白共分离出7～16条不同迁移率的条带,因品种不同而不同。分子质量为65、55、48、43、32ku的谱带在20种蚕豆盐溶蛋白中均检测出来,为共有带。 相似文献
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M. Rosario Villanueva J. Alfredo Martínez Jesús Larralde 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1987,39(2):163-168
The effect of a faba bean diet on disaccharidase and dipeptidase activities in rat small intestine has been studied. Both maltase and sucrase activities significantly decreased in rats fed on the faba bean diet as compared with the controls. The inhibition seems to follow a non-competitive or mixed non-competitive pattern. On the other hand, legume-fed rats showed a slightly higher activity for intestinal glycyl-l-valine hydrolase. It has been suggested that the low nutritional value of diets containing Vicia faba, as a source of protein, was due to a reduction in both nutrient utilisation and intestinal enzymic activity, where polyphenolic compounds are possibly involved. 相似文献
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通过对芸豆萌发前后各时期主要营养成分含量变化进行测定,分析其相关性,结果表明:蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉、还原糖、矿物元素、维生素C等含量与未萌发芸豆相比均发生显著变化(ρ<0.05)。蛋白质、游离氨基酸含量总体呈先上升后下降趋势,当芽长为2.01~2.50 cm时,蛋白质含量增加了20.62%。还原糖、维生素C含量总体呈上升趋势,当芽长大于3.51 cm时,分别增加了212.45%、243.66%。脂肪、淀粉含量总体呈下降趋势,当芽长大于3.51 cm时,分别下降了33.29%,19.12%。萌发后,营养成分发生改变,营养结构得以改善。 相似文献
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Luis A Bello‐Pérez José Juan Islas‐Hernández J Rodolfo Rendón‐Villalobos Edith Agama‐Acevedo Leticia Morales‐Franco Juscelino Tovar 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2007,87(8):1517-1522
Fresh and sun‐dried faba beans (Vicia faba L.) were cooked, stored for various times at 4 °C and analysed for available starch (AS), resistant starch (RS) and fibre‐associated resistant starch (FARS) contents as well as α‐amylolysis. Fresh beans required a shorter cooking time (25 min) than dried beans (158 min). Cooked fresh faba beans had a higher AS content than cooked dried faba beans. The AS content in both decreased during cold storage, with fresh beans showing a smaller decrease than dried beans with increasing storage time. Cooked fresh faba beans also had a higher total RS content than cooked dried faba beans, although a greater increase in RS content was recorded in the latter upon storage. Starch retrogradation was more prominent in cooked dried faba beans than in cooked fresh faba beans, as indicated by the consistently higher FARS content. The α‐amylolysis rate decreased with increasing storage time, i.e. long‐stored (72 h) cooked faba beans exhibited slower starch digestion, and differences were recorded between fresh and dried beans. The predicted glycaemic index ranged between 60.9 and 58.0% for cooked fresh faba beans and between 57.9 and 55.8% for cooked dried faba beans, which is suggestive of slow glucose release from starch in faba beans. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献