大圆坯连铸M-EMS参数对磁场和流场分布的影响

采用有限元法和有限体积法对φ250mm大圆坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌(M-EMS)磁场和流场进行耦合计算。分析了不同电磁搅拌电流和频率下磁场和流场的分布。研究表明,数值模拟结果与实测结果基本一致。钢液中心面的磁感应强度在角部要明显大于中心。电磁力在横截面周向上分布均匀,流动呈涡旋状。当频率相同时,磁感应强度、电磁力和流速随着电流的增加而增加。当电流相同时,沿拉速方向,磁感应强度随频率增加而减小,电磁力和流速随频率的增加而增加。沿搅拌器中心径向,磁感应强度和电磁力随频率增加而减小,频率对切向流速的影响不大。对于φ250mm大圆坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌,在电流和频率为480A,3Hz时能起到良好的搅拌效果。     

New model of body force in electromagnetic stirring gas tungsten-arc welding

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｓｔｉｒｒｉｎｇ (ＥＭＳ)ｗｅｌｄｉｎｇｔｅｃｈ ｎｉｑｕｅｉｓｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｏｎａｒｃｗｅｌｄｉｎｇｔｅｃｈ ｎｉｑｕｅａｎｄｈａｓｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓ[1～ 3] :1)ｌｏｗｃｏｓｔｓｆｏｒｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｓｉｍｐｌｅａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｅｑｕｉｐ ｍｅｎｔ;2 )ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｌｒｅｌｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙｗｈｉｃｈｔｈａｎｋｓｔｏｔｈｅｕｓｅｏｆｈｉｇｈ ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｃ…     

横向交变磁场作用下的等离子体弧特性分析

以外加横向交变磁场作用下的等离子体弧为研究对象,建立了等离子体弧摆动幅度和热流密度分布的数学模型.对横向交变磁约束下的等离子体弧射流特性进行理论研究,并分析工艺参数和励磁强度对横向交变磁约束等离子体弧形态和特性的影响规律.结果表明,横向交变磁场可有效控制等离子体弧形态和位置,等离子体弧在横向交变磁场作用下,分布范围增大、热流密度梯度减小.其摆动幅度随磁场强度的增加而增大,但过高的磁场强度会使等离子体弧变得不稳定;相同励磁强度下,气流量和弧电流越小、喷嘴到工件的距离越大,则摆动幅度越大;而工件表面的等离子体弧热流密度分布随励磁强度的增强趋于平坦化;相同励磁条件下,热流密度峰值随气体流量和弧电流的增大而增大、随喷嘴到工件距离的增大而减小.     

外加纵向磁场GTAW焊接机理：Ⅰ电弧特性

针对外加纵向磁场GTAW（gas tungsten-arc welding)焊接过程,采用红外热像伪着色法测定了外加纵向磁场GTAW焊接电弧的温度场,并建立了外加纵向磁场GTAW焊接电弧热流密度径向分布模型,对焊接电反外形的变化,焊接电弧电流,电压与外加纵向磁场强度变化的关系进行了研究。     

纵向磁场下GTAW电弧传热与流动数值模拟

针对外加纵向磁场(LMF)下的焊接电弧的传热与流动特性,建立基于磁流体动力学的二维轴对称数学模型,将流体动力学理论与麦克斯韦方程组进行耦合对电弧的温度场、电势场、电弧压力以及电流密度等进行求解,又分别对磁感应强度为0与0.06 T下的阳极热进行定量分析与对比. 结果表明,外加LMF驱动带电粒子旋转并使电弧扩张,其中心出现负压并形成反重力流将阳极热汇聚于阴极附近,同时电弧因高速旋转增大热对流损失,降低焊接热效率.当磁感应强度为0.06 T时,阳极表面的电流密度、热流密度以及电弧压力等由中心分布转化为双峰分布模式.     

外加磁场对镁合金焊接熔池形态的影响

以镁合金焊接熔池为研究对象,建立了移动热源作用下焊接熔池的三维数学模型. 利用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS将电磁场分析结果导入到热流场分析中,实现电磁场和热流场之间的耦合分析. 模拟了无外加磁场作用下以及外加磁场作用下镁合金焊接熔池的温度场分布和流体流动的速度矢量分布. 结果表明,外加磁场产生的电磁力驱动熔池中熔融的液态金属发生旋转运动,改变了液态金属原有的运动方式和传热方式,流体流动速度和流动范围增加,焊缝熔宽增大,熔深减小. 试验结果验证了模拟结果的可靠性.     

磁场辅助电化学抛光试验研究

从带电离子在电磁场中的受力行为和运动状态入手，试验研究了磁场对阳极溶解速度、产物扩散速度、材料去除速度、极间电流的影响，最后还分析了磁场对电解液的搅拌作用。研究表明由于洛仑兹力和电场力的共同作用，改变了离子的运动轨迹，提高了峰点或侧面的溶解速度和产物的扩散速度，从而有效地改善了表面粗糙度；峰点的去除速度远大于无磁场时的去除速度，谷点的去除速度远小于无磁场时的去除速度，因此从微观上说磁场辅助电化学抛光对基体的损害较小，精度保持性好；磁场的搅拌加快了液相传质，改变了电化学反应，使极间电流强度增大，抛光效率提高。     

Simulation of electromagnetic-flow fields in Mg melt under pulsed magnetic field

The effects of a pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of pure Mg were investigated.The results show that microstructure of pure Mg is considerably refined via columnar-to-equiaxed growth under the pulsed magnetic field and the average grain size is refined to 260μm under the optimal processing conditions.A mathematical model was built to describe the interaction of the electromagnetic-flow fields during solidification with ANSYS software.The pulsed electric circuit was first solved and the...     

ENERGY STORAGE IN METAl DEVICES AND THE ADVANTAGES OF LIQUID HYDROGEN TEMPERATURES

1.IntroductionPurealuminumisappliedasaconductingmaterialforcreationofdifferentpowerfulmagnoticsystemsoperatingatfoWtemperatures.Smallmagnet0resistanceofaluminumgivespossibilitytousethismaterialasonecomp0nentofcdmpositecryoconductorsbe-ingusedforstabilizationofsuperc0nductivecablesandalsoformachinesanddevices-IncompositecryoconductorsonthebaseofaluminumasmallmagnetoresistanceisamainadVanage.Insufficientmechanicalstrength0faluminumiscompensatedbyhardermate-rialsforexamplebycopper.Howeverinthei…     

3D NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW FIELD AND TEMPERATURE FIELD IN A ROUND BILLET CONTINUOUS CASTING MOLD WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC STIRRING

建立了描述圆坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌过程的三维数学模型. 采用有限元和有限体积结合的方法求解Maxwell方程组和湍流Navier-Stokes方程, 分析了结晶器电磁搅拌过程的磁场、流场、温度场和夹杂物轨迹特征, 并考虑了励磁电磁强度和频率的影响. 研究表明, 磁场模拟结果与现场实测数据一致, 电磁力在圆坯水平截面上呈周向分布. 钢液在结晶器纵截面内形成两对回流区, 且在水平截面内旋转流动; 过热钢液滞留在结晶器上部区域, 铸坯芯部温度迅速降低, 凝固前沿温度梯度提高; 大部分夹杂物积聚到结晶器上部区域旋转运动. 励磁电流强度和频率对结晶器内钢液的流动、温度分布及夹杂物运动均有明显影响.     

埋弧焊磁控电弧焊缝跟踪系统中的横向磁场ANSYS模拟

针对埋弧焊磁控电弧焊缝跟踪系统中磁控电弧传感器产生的外加横向磁场,文中采用有限元分析方法建立了由磁控电弧传感器产生的横向磁场计算模型.应用ANSYS软件对横向磁场进行了模拟;对该横向磁场的纵截面分布、磁流密度矢量的分布规律进行了仿真;并对模拟结果的偏差进行了分析.实际测试结果说明了磁感应强度模拟值与实测值的一致性.针对励磁电流对焊接电弧运动状态的影响进行了实际焊接试验.结果表明,焊接电弧随励磁电流的增大而摆动,且励磁电流越大电弧摆动幅度也越大.     

金属液在旋转电磁搅拌器作用下的流动分析

对自行研制的电磁搅拌器中金属液的电磁场和流场进行数值模拟，并进行实验验证。结果表明：在旋转磁场搅拌器作用下，金属液中除存在横截面上的旋转离心流动外，还存在着纵向的大环流，但二者速度不同，前者比后者高出一个数量级：金属液表面的磁感应强度风与电流频率成反比，与输入的电压成正比：金属液所受电磁力的最大值与磁感应强度B0的平方成正比，与频率的n次方成反比，其中1／2≤n≤3／2：n与金属液的电阻率有关，电阻率越小则n越小：对于纯铝n为1／2，对于纯锡和纯铅n为1；金属液的转速与磁感应强度R0成正比，与金属液密度的平方根成反比。     

Large Eddy Simulation of Transient Flow,Solidification, and Particle Transport Processes in Continuous-Casting Mold

The current study developed a coupled computational model to simulate the transient fluid flow, solidification, and particle transport processes in a slab continuous-casting mold. Transient flow of molten steel in the mold is calculated using the large eddy simulation. An enthalpy-porosity approach is used for the analysis of solidification processes. The transport of bubble and non-metallic inclusion inside the liquid pool is calculated using the Lagrangian approach based on the transient flow field. A criterion of particle entrapment in the solidified shell is developed using the user-defined functions of FLUENT software (ANSYS, Inc., Canonsburg, PA). The predicted results of this model are compared with the measurements of the ultrasonic testing of the rolled steel plates and the water model experiments. The transient asymmetrical flow pattern inside the liquid pool exhibits quite satisfactory agreement with the corresponding measurements. The predicted complex instantaneous velocity field is composed of various small recirculation zones and multiple vortices. The transport of particles inside the liquid pool and the entrapment of particles in the solidified shell are not symmetric. The Magnus force can reduce the entrapment ratio of particles in the solidified shell, especially for smaller particles, but the effect is not obvious. The Marangoni force can play an important role in controlling the motion of particles, which increases the entrapment ratio of particles in the solidified shell obviously.     

外加纵向磁场GTAW焊接机理：Ⅱ。电弧模型

针对外加纵向磁场GTAW（gas tungsten-arc welding)焊接过程,采用小孔气体微压传感器法和钨极探针法分别测定了外加纵向磁场GTAW焊接电弧在水冷Cu阳极上的等离子流力和电流密度的分布,并对其规律进行了研究,建立了外加纵向磁场GTAW焊接电板等离子流力和电流密度的径向分布数学物理模型。     

EMBr对高拉速薄板坯钢水动态行为影响的模拟

在高拉速薄板坯的生产工艺研究中,结晶器内钢水流场是决定坯壳均匀性、液面卷渣概率等铸坯质量问题的关键因素。EMBr能够显著改变钢水流场,是改善这些问题的关键工艺技术。因此,对结晶器内钢水流场的模拟、分析与优化是必不可少的工作。以往的研究中,相关的数据与理论指导较少,针对薄板坯无头轧制产线,高拉速连铸机的分析与研究更鲜有报道。因此基于该高拉速连铸机,采用数值模拟方法获得了结晶器内不同电磁制动电流强度的磁感强度分布。采用电磁与多相流耦合模式,针对不同磁感强度条件下的结晶器钢水流场分布与液面形貌进行了仿真模拟,并分析了电磁制动对液面波动的影响。结果表明,基于固定的工况环境,电磁制动电流值为175 A时钢水流场分布均匀,钢水液面流速相对最低,最高流速约为0.6 m/s,同时液面高度差与剪切角相对最小。该条件最有利于减少因坯壳不均或液面卷渣造成铸坯缺陷的概率。电流值225 A相比125 A时,钢水液面位置磁感强度仅提高0.02 T,液面到达稳定时间仅缩短约1 s。因此存在综合评判下的最优电流值。     

Effect of harmonic magnetic field and pulse magnetic field on microstructure of high purity Cu during electromagnetic direct chill casting

The effects of two types of magnetic fields, namely harmonic magnetic field (HMF) and pulse magnetic field (PMF) on magnetic flux density, Lorentz force, temperature field, and microstructure of high purity Cu were studied by numerical simulation and experiment during electromagnetic direct chill casting. The magnetic field is induced by a magnetic generation system including an electromagnetic control system and a cylindrical crystallizer of 300 mm in diameter equipped with excitation coils. A comprehensive mathematical model for high purity Cu electromagnetic casting was established in finite element method. The distributions of magnetic flux density and Lorentz force generated by the two magnetic fields were acquired by simulation and experimental measurement. The microstructure of billets produced by HMF and PMF casting was compared. Results show that the magnetic flux density and penetrability of PMF are significantly higher than those of HMF, due to its faster variation in transient current and higher peak value of magnetic flux density. In addition, PMF drives a stronger Lorentz force and deeper penetration depth than HMF does, because HMF creates higher eddy current and reverse electromagnetic field which weakens the original electromagnetic field. The microstructure of a billet by HMF is composed of columnar structure regions and central fine grain regions. By contrast, the billet by PMF has a uniform microstructure which is characterized by ultra-refined and uniform grains because PMF drives a strong dual convection, which increases the uniformity of the temperature field, enhances the impact of the liquid flow on the edge of the liquid pool and reduces the curvature radius of liquid pool. Eventually, PMF shows a good prospect for industrialization.

     

坯壳导电性对电磁制动结晶器多物理场的影响

采用雷诺时均方法,标准k-ε模型研究电磁制动下凝固坯壳导电性对板坯连铸结晶器内流场和电磁场的影响。计算了3种不同工况,1—忽略凝固坯壳导电性,2—凝固坯壳电导率取定值,该值等于钢液电导率,3—凝固坯壳电导率随温度变化,并对比了3种工况下感应电流、洛伦兹力、焦耳热及速度分布。结果表明,相较于凝固坯壳绝缘的情况,坯壳导电时,上环流减弱,下环流增强,环流涡心区域扩大;洛伦兹力、感应电流密度、焦耳热最大值出现在水口和射流区域,在制动区域内数值较高,随着远离制动区域而迅速衰减;坯壳导电时,数值和分布范围较坯壳绝缘时均有明显提高;电磁制动下坯壳导电性影响显著,因此模拟计算时凝固坏壳的导电性不应被忽略;由于凝固坯壳电导率接近钢液,因此工况2、3差异微小,由凝固坯壳导电引起的流场、感应电流密度分布和焦耳热分布的变化在工况2下变化幅度略大于工况3。     

GH4698合金真空电弧重熔过程中熔池流动形态

为了进一步了解真空电弧重熔(VAR)过程,本文利用开源CFD计算软件OpenFOAM,基于有限体积法(FVM)建立了包括电磁场、温度场和流场的二维多场耦合模型来研究宏观非稳态下的GH4698镍基合金铸锭的凝固过程。结果表明,从坩埚流向自耗电极的电流所引发的磁场主要集中在铸锭的上部,并沿铸锭轴线旋转。磁感应强度由铸锭中心向边缘呈现先增大后减小的趋势,并在电极边缘处达到最大值。热浮力和洛伦兹力是熔池内的主要驱动力,并且它们对熔池流动的影响正好相反。     

A Constitutive Equation for Magnetorheological Fluid Characterization

A microstructural model of the motion of particle pairs in MR fluids is proposed that accounts for both hydrodynamic and magnetic field forces. A fluid constitutive equation is derived, from the model that allows the prediction of velocity and particle structure fields. The analysis is similar to that of bead-spring models of polymeric liquids with replacement of the elastic connector force by a magnetic force. Results for simple shear flow are presented for the case when the two particles remain in close contact so they are hydrodynamically equivalent to an ellipsoid with an aspect ratio of two and only the component of the magnetic force normal to the connecting vector between the centers of the two particles affects motion. The model predicts oscillatory motion of the particle pairs at low magnetic fields. The fluid reaches a steady state at high magnetic fields. The time required to reach the steady state for a given shear rate reduces significantly as the field increases.     

钛合金真空自耗熔炼过程中电流、磁场和电磁力数值模拟

采用有限元模拟软件Ansys Electromagnetics Suite中Maxwell 3D模块建立钛合金真空自耗熔炼过程电磁场数学物理模型,分析并掌握熔炼过程中电流、磁场和电磁力相互作用规律,并研究了熔炼电流和搅拌电流变化对磁场及电磁力的影响。结果表明：铸锭中电流均呈向心分布,且集中分布在铸锭上部350 mm范围内;熔炼电流产生切向磁场,搅拌电流产生轴向磁场,两者进行简单耦合;在熔炼电流及其自感磁场的作用下,产生径向和轴向电磁力;该电磁力又在搅拌磁场的作用下发生旋转,产生切向电磁力;随熔炼电流线性变化,磁场切向分量和电磁力的径向和轴向合力均呈线性变化;随搅拌电流线性变化,磁场轴向分量和电磁力径向分量均呈线性变化。