轴颈倾斜轴承的热流体动力润滑分析

考虑温度对轴颈倾斜轴承润滑的影响,通过解三维能量方程与固体热传导方程,计算轴颈、轴承和润滑油的温度分布,进而对轴颈倾斜轴承进行了热流体动力润滑分析。结果表明:轴承中央截面偏心率较大时,轴颈倾斜角对轴承润滑间隙中油膜温度、最大油膜压力、端泄流量和保持轴承稳定工作的力矩的影响较显著;轴颈倾斜角对油膜层面上的油膜最高温度、温度分布和压力分布的影响较大,油膜厚度较小的区域,油膜压力增大,摩擦生热多,油膜温度上升。     

考虑流固耦合作用的超高速液体动静压轴承油膜特性研究

考虑润滑油的黏温效应对动静压滑动轴承的影响,建立超高速液体动静压滑动轴承的油膜-轴瓦流固耦合模型,采用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法求解连续性方程、能量方程和Navier-Stokes方程组得到动静压轴承油膜的压力场和温度场;采用双向流固耦合分析方法对动静压轴承进行计算,分析轴承弹性形变对油膜特性的影响。结果表明：动静压轴承的油膜压力和最大形变量均随着转速的升高以及供油压力的增加而增大;提高供油压力可以加剧润滑介质的流动,从而在一定程度上降低油膜温度;考虑流固耦合作用之后,动静压轴承的实际承载力和油膜压力均一定程度上减小。     

热效应对粗糙表面倾斜轴颈轴承润滑性能的影响

联立基于平均流量模型的广义Reynolds方程、三维能量方程和固体热传导方程等,计算了计及热效应时,不同表面形貌和轴颈倾斜角下的轴承油膜压力、油膜温度、油膜反力、端泄流量、摩擦系数和保持轴承稳定工作的力矩.考虑和不考虑热效应的轴承润滑特性计算结果表明,计入热效应时,表面形貌和润滑油粘压效应对偏心率较大的轴颈倾斜轴承润滑性能影响较大.     

轴变形产生的轴颈倾斜对滑动轴承润滑影响的试验研究

针对各种机械装置使用最普遍、最基本的轴-滑动轴承摩擦副系统,设计研制了专用试验装置,对轴受载荷作用产生弯曲变形,导致轴颈在轴承孔中倾斜时滑动轴承的润滑性能进行了试验研究。结果表明,在轴-滑动轴承摩擦副系统中,轴受载荷作用产生变形将导致轴颈在轴承孔中倾斜;轴变形导致轴颈倾斜时,滑动轴承的油膜压力、油膜厚度和温度的分布状况及数值发生了明显变化。轴受载越大,其变形产生的轴颈倾斜越严重,对滑动轴承润滑性能的影响越明显;轴承半径间隙与轴承宽度比值越小,轴变形产生的轴颈倾斜对轴承油膜压力、油膜厚度和温度的数值及分布的影响越大。因此,滑动轴承设计中应该考虑轴受载荷作用产生的变形导致轴颈倾斜的影响,对于重要的机械设备,尤其应当考虑这种影响。     

螺杆泵斜-平面固定瓦推力轴承润滑特性分析

为了提升润滑油系统可靠性,避免轴承磨损,采用CFD分析螺杆泵斜-平面固定瓦推力轴承的润滑特性。计算该螺杆泵螺杆轴向力,得到油膜承载力数值范围;采用有限差分法得到油膜压力分布与厚度分布,采用有限体积法仿真分析不同油膜厚度、不同进油温度时轴承的压力场。仿真结果表明：温度通过影响润滑油黏度对轴承压载产生影响,当油膜厚度固定时,进油温度越低,润滑油黏度越大,轴承所受压载越大;当进油温度一定时,油膜厚度降低,则承载能力增加。因此,在低温启动滑油泵时,油膜由薄变厚平衡螺杆轴向力的过程中,轴承压载可能会超过许用压载,从而导致轴承磨损。     

An experimental investigation of thermal effects in circular and elliptical plain journal bearings

Hydrodynamic journal bearings can experience a significant variation in film (bush) temperature. Reliable data of operating temperatures in these bearings are very useful and important for practical bearing designers and mathematical modellers. A two-axial-groove circular bearing and an elliptical (lemon-bore) bearing, both 110 mm in diameter, have been tested at specific loads up to 4 MPa and rotational frequencies up to 120 Hz. Power loss and flow rate were measured directly and detailed temperature information was collected by an automated data acquisition system. In this paper, the experimental apparatus is described and some of the experimental data are presented. The results show that the thermal effects are significant in both bearings.     

滑动轴承动压特性的影响因素研究

以某发动机惰齿轮轴承为研究对象,采用一维动力学方法进行多工况计算,针对油孔布置、载荷方向、载荷大小、轴承转速4种因素,分析滑动轴承润滑油流量、最小油膜厚度、偏位角、最大油膜压力4个动压特性参数的变化规律。结果表明：油孔布置和载荷方向主要对润滑油流量有明显影响,而对其他3个动压特性参数影响较小;油孔数量越多,油孔在圆周方向上越靠近油膜厚度最大处,则润滑油流量越大;油孔分布越均匀,因载荷方向改变引起的流量波动越小;载荷大小和轴承转速对4个动压特性参数都有明显影响;随载荷增加,最大油膜压力大致呈线性增加,而其他3种动压特性的变化速率降低;随转速增大,最大油膜压力减小的速率逐渐降低,而其他3种动压特性大致呈线性增加。     

基于动网格方法的油膜轴承性能的研究

考虑气穴的影响,建立了油膜轴承所支撑转子系统的动力学模型,并利用新的动网格更新方法,编制了求解油膜轴承压力分布、转子静平衡位置以及轴心轨迹的程序,验证了其正确性。利用该程序考察了气穴压力和转速对油膜轴承压力分布和所支撑转子的轴心静平衡位置的影响。计算结果表明,在相同的速度和载荷下,随着气化压力升高,轴承偏心率和最大油膜压力增大,偏位角减小,并且最大油膜压力的周向位置受气化压力的影响较小;而在相同的载荷下,转速对转子静平衡位置影响较大,并随着转速增加,轴承偏心率减小,偏位角增加。     

以超临界二氧化碳为介质的径向箔片轴承静特性分析

以超临界二氧化碳(S-CO2)布雷顿循环所用压缩机中的径向箔片气体轴承为研究对象,考虑S-CO2在近临界区的实际物性,运用有限差分法数值求解变密度变黏度湍流雷诺方程,耦合弹性箔片变形方程,计算以S-CO2为润滑介质的径向气体轴承的气膜压力分布规律,并分析近临界区S-CO2物性变化对轴承承载力、摩擦力矩的影响.计算结果表...     

非道路两缸柴油机轴承热弹性流体动力润滑特性研究

基于热弹性流体动力润滑理论和多体动力学理论,针对自主研发的非道路2D25卧式两缸柴油机,采用AVL Excite Power Unit软件建立曲轴轴承的多体动力学模型,探讨柔性整机体模型下轴瓦与轴承座的弹性变形、润滑油的黏温及黏压特性、轴瓦及轴颈的表面粗糙度及热效应等因素,建立轴承的润滑模型并计算不同工况下各轴承的载荷、油膜厚度、油膜压力和摩擦功耗。研究结果表明:随着转速的升高,主轴承的总摩擦功耗增加,轴瓦的热负荷增大;高转速下,第一主轴承(MB1)和第三主轴承(MB3)存在轴颈倾斜不对中,出现偏磨现象,导致第二缸爆发时主轴颈振动加剧;连杆轴承油膜压力分布均匀性较好,轴瓦热负荷低,在高转速下润滑效果更佳。     

Analysis of heavy duty tilting-pad journal bearing taking into account pad distortion and possible adoption of rubber pad segments

In this work a comparative study has been made between the thermo-hydrodynamic performance of a three shoe tilting-pad journal bearing with rigid and elastic pads subjected to unbalance load. A case study of a bearing adopting three rubber pad segments has also been studied. The distortion of the elastic pad is introduced into the distribution of the film thickness through an iterative scheme to assess its effect on the load carrying capacity of the bearing. A finite element mesh is used to calculate the distortion of the elastic pad while a finite difference mesh is used to calculate the pressure field in the lubricant film. Results have shown a number of interesting conclusions regarding the adoption of rubber pad segments instead of tilting-pads. There is an increase in minimum oil film thickness when using elastic pad or even rubber pad segments compared with rigid pads. Also the maximum pressure and load carrying capacity are not significantly affected.     

计入热变形影响的内燃机主轴承热流体动力润滑分析

根据动载滑动轴承热流体动力润滑理论,结合热变形矩阵法,提出一种考虑热变形因素影响时的内燃机主轴承热流体动力润滑分析方法,阐述该方法的基本理论和控制方程,探讨热变形因素对主轴承工作时的轴心轨迹、润滑油流量、最大油膜压力和最小油膜厚度等状态参量的影响情况.结合一主轴承实例进行数值仿真分析,仿真分析结果发现,计入热变形影响因素后,同未考虑热变形影响时分析得到的结果相比,轴心运动轨迹发生了很大变化,平均润滑油流量和一个载荷周期内的最大油膜压力均明显增加,一个载荷周期内的最小油膜厚度明显减小,润滑油平均温升则稍有减小.内燃机主轴承在工作时受各种热源因素的影响会产生热变形,在主轴承设计以及内燃机润滑系统供油量设计过程中考虑这种变形因素的影响是很有必要的.     

The Effects of Viscosity and Clearance on the Performance of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings

In the present work, the effects of viscosity and clearance ratios have been analyzed on the reliable performance and design of a steady-loaded, pressure-fed, hydrodynamic cylindrical bearing. The technique for bearing performance evaluation has been developed based on the maximum oil temperature in the region of load carrying oil film, and variation of oil viscosity with temperature.

In this paper viscosity coefficients have been determined using iterative procedures for different oils. And also, a viscosity integral has been evaluated by method of splines as a function of inlet oil temperature to the load carrying oil film and exit oil temperature from the oil film. The viscosity integral has also been evaluated for a bearing operating under different conditions. Thus, by comparison of the viscosity integrals, exit oil temperature from the load carrying oil film and safe load carrying capacity of a bearing with different clearance ratio and using different oils have been examined. Nomographs have also been plotted for easy assessment of bearing performance.

The developed technique gives a more realistic approach for design and performance evaluation of a bearing as compared to conventional procedures. This may have potential as an effective tool to assess performance of a hydrodynamic journal bearing.     

紊流润滑滑动轴承壁面压力脉动效应研究

壁面压力脉动是紊流润滑滑动轴承随机振动的主要激励源之一,建立紊流激励特性和轴承结构动力学响应之间的关联,对高转速、低黏度润滑滑动轴承的状态监测和故障诊断具有重要意义。为研究紊流润滑滑动轴承的壁面压力脉动效应,考虑流体油膜中存在逆压力梯度的影响,选用Rozenberg模型和广义Corcos模型表征壁面压力脉动的自功率谱和互功率谱,采用波数域模态叠加法求解滑动轴承紊流壁面压力脉动模型,分析滑动轴承在不同工况参数下壁面压力脉动的激励特性以及结构的响应特性。结果表明：低波数区域紊流脉动压力是轴承结构高频随机振动的主要因素;随着润滑油黏度的降低,高频范围内的轴承模态响应幅值增大,共振峰值附近产生较宽的频带和较高的振幅;随着轴颈转速和径向载荷的升高,紊流压力梯度增大,高频范围内的轴承模态响应幅值也随之增大。     

Temperature,pressure and film thickness measurements for an offset half bearing

A fluid film journal bearing test rig with a shaft, 70 mm in diameter, was developed and an offset half journal bearing was tested at five vertical loads and two rotational speeds. The bearing had a length-to-diameter ratio of 1.00, a pre-load factor of 0.51 and an offset factor of 1.0. Loads from 0 to 4450 N and speeds of 2250 and 1650 rev min⁻¹ were tested. On-rotor instrumentation and amplification are used to measure continuous fluid film pressures around the bearing, film thicknesses and journal temperatures. Slip ring telemetry is used to transmit the data to a real time data collection system. External instrumentation is used to measure film pressures and temperatures in discrete locations on the bearing surface, thus, allowing comparison with the on-shaft measurements. The eccentricity ratio and attitude angle are pressure measurements obtained indicate agreement within 5% between the results recorded by the on-shaft and the external pressure transducers. The experimental film thickness, temperature and pressure profiles and journal eccentricity agree with the expected behavior for this bearing type and are presented for Sommerfeld numbers from 0.41 to 2.2.     

考虑润滑油黏温效应的动压滑动轴承性能分析

滑动轴承的相关研究很多都基于等黏度的情况下,这与轴承的实际工作情况有较大的出入。使用计算流体力学FLUENT通过编写的黏温方程UDF程序进行动压滑动轴承润滑油黏度的计算,并考虑黏温效应对动压滑动轴承性能的影响,比较等黏度与变黏度情况下动压滑动轴承的油膜压力与承载力、油膜的轴向与周向温度分布。结果表明:在考虑黏温效应条件下,轴承的承载力、油膜压力、摩擦力均小于定黏度条件下,这是由于温度升高导致黏度降低,从而减小了油膜静压力和承载力;在轴承轴向方向上,从油膜中心位置向两端部,油膜温度逐渐升高;在轴承圆周方向上,从收敛区到发散区,油膜温度先升高后降低,油膜温度峰值出现在轴承发散区的端部位置。     

气体静压径向轴承气膜流场及承载特性分析

研究偏心率及不同供气压强条件下,气体静压径向轴承节流孔附近的气膜流场特性及承载力变化情况,并通过优化节流孔张角,提高轴承承载力.建立气体静压径向轴承三维模型,划分网格并确立模型的边界条件,采用Fluent软件对轴承内部气膜流场进行仿真计算.计算结果表明,气体静压径向轴承偏心率的增加,会导致区域气膜的压力差增大,从而提高...     

变黏度静压滑动轴承高速时油膜动态润滑特性

静压滑动轴承转台直径大（D=4.5 m）,高转速运行时产生线速度值很大,其内部润滑油膜受压及剪切发热导致油膜变薄进而影响到机床加工精度和运行可靠性。针对新型Q1-205双矩形腔静压推力轴承,采用动网格技术探索变黏度条件静压轴承高速时的油膜动态润滑特性。建立该静压轴承的流量、承载力、油膜温升等理论模型,自定义用于控制边界层网格运动及变黏度的UDF程序,选取外载荷12 t,转速为80~200 r/min（线速度18~48 m/s）高速下的工况条件参数进行动态润滑特性数值模拟,并进行相同工况参数下的试验验证,揭示出高速时油膜厚度变化对油膜温度、油腔压力、封油边处流量的影响规律。研究发现,该型号轴承在承载12 t时,随着膜厚的减小,油膜剪切发热严重,温升加剧,且高速下受润滑油黏度变化影响造成压力损失严重,研究数据为工程上静压轴承可靠运行提供理论依据。     

Thermal effects in cylindrical journal bearings of high‐speed gearboxes

The high rotational speeds and loads of gears operating in acceleration gearboxes causes problems related to the correct choice and design of journal or rolling bearings. In the case of journal bearings, these problems are connected with thermoelastohydrodynamic lubrication theory and the dynamics of the bearing system. However, of major importance is the problem of thermal effects in journal bearings. This has been considered for bearings used in a double‐helical gearbox with the pinion and output shaft operating in cylindrical journal bearings. The oil film pressure, temperature, viscosity distributions, and maximum and mean oil film temperatures have been determined. In calculations, laminar adiabatic and turbulent adiabatic models of oil films have been applied. The results of the calculations can be used in the design of cylindrical or other types of journal bearing in rotating machinery, including acceleration or reduction gearboxes.     

困油压力对滑动轴承润滑状态的影响

为研究困油压力对轴承润滑状态的影响,在一个困油周期内,基于纯流体润滑状态设计要求,提出轴承-轴颈间所必需的承载量系数计算公式;依据泵样机参数,提出轴承-轴颈间所能提供的承载量系数的多项式拟合式;由所必需的承载量系数公式等于所能提供的承载量系数的定值优化方法,建立出困油压力与最小油膜厚度间的对应关系。通过一案例,对是否考虑困油压力的润滑状态计算结果进行比较和分析。案例分析结果表明:困油压力导致径向力增加45%～59%;导致最小油膜厚度降低19.6%～24.3%;困油压力造成轴承-轴颈间处于混合润滑状态,达不到原始的纯流体润滑状态设计要求。因此,困油压力对润滑状态影响较大,在泵轴设计中应充分考虑困油压力的影响,从而在结构上尽量缓解困油压力。