Al2O3对等离子喷涂热障涂层高温氧化及热震性能的影响

采用等离子喷涂 (PS)在GH5 36高温合金基材上制备了典型的双层热障涂层 (TBCs)和两种分别加入了Al2 O3 陶瓷成分的复合热障涂层。典型的TBCs采用Ni2 2Cr10AlY连接层与 8%Y2 O3 稳定的 (8YPSZ)顶层的双层结构 ;多层涂层分别采用Al2 O3 与Ni2 2Cr10AlY复合的连接层和Al2 O3 与 8YPSZ复合的顶层。3种类型试样的10 0h ,10 0 0℃静态氧化及 10 5 0℃热震试验的结果分析表明 :8YPSZ Al2 O3 的复合氧障层具有最佳的氧化阻力 ;Ni2 2Cr10AlY 8YPSZ双层涂层的热震阻力最佳 ,氧化阻力最差 ;连接层采用Ni2 2Cr10AlY Al2 O3 复合涂层具有热震和静态氧化条件下综合优良的高温热循环性能     

Effect of reinforcement size on the scratch resistance and crystallinity of HVOF sprayed nylon-11/ceramic composite coatings

The high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) combustion spraying of dry ball-milled nylon-11/ceramic composite powders is an effective, economical, and environmentally sound method for producing semicrystalline micron and nanoscale reinforced polymer coatings. Composite coatings reinforced with multiple scales of ceramic particulate material are expected to exhibit improved load transfer between the reinforcing phase and the matrix due to interactions between large and small ceramic particles. An important step in developing multiscale composite coatings and load transfer theory is determining the effect of reinforcement size on the distribution of the reinforcement and the properties of the composite coating. Composite feedstock powders were produced by dry ball-milling nylon-11 together with 7, 20, and 40 nm fumed silica particles, 50 and 150 nm fumed alumina particles, and 350 nm, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, and 50 μm white calcined alumina at 10 vol.% overall ceramic phase loadings. The effectiveness of the ball-milling process as a function of reinforcement size was qualitatively evaluated by scanning electron microscopy+energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM+EDS) microanalysis and by characterizing the behavior of the powder during HVOF spraying. The microstructures of the sprayed coatings were characterized by optical microscopy, SEM, EDS, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The reinforcement particles were found to be concentrated at the splat boundaries in the coatings, forming a series of interconnected lamellar sheets with good three-dimensional distribution. The scratch resistance of the coatings improved consistently and logarithmically as a function of decreasing reinforcement size and compared with those of HVOF sprayed pure nylon-11. This article was originally published inBuilding on 100 Years of Success, Proceedings of the 2006 International Thermal Spray Conference (Seattle, WA), May 15–18, 2006, B.R. Marple, M.M. Hyland, Y.-Ch. Lau, R.S. Lima, and J. Voyer, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2006.     

金刚石/碳化硅/铝复合材料的热膨胀性能

采用气压浸渗法制备金刚石/碳化硅/铝复合材料,研究复合材料的断口形貌以及界面反应,测试复合材料的热膨胀性能。结果表明:金刚石表面Ti镀层使得其选择性粘附不同于未镀钛金刚石的,而在各个面上均粘附有Al,金刚石与基体间有着良好的界面结合,断裂方式以基体断裂为主,其界面反应后,Ti以Al3Ti和Ti-Al-Si等金属间化合物的形式析出,提高金刚石/铝界面的结合强度,降低复合材料的热膨胀系数;随着金刚石颗粒粒径的增大,金刚石和碳化硅颗粒间粒径比的增大增加了整个复合材料的体积分数,从而降低了其热膨胀系数;金刚石颗粒粒径增大导致热膨胀系数升高。这两方面共同影响复合材料的热膨胀系数,但前者起主导作用;金刚石和碳化硅在不同配比下的热膨胀系数随着复合材料中碳化硅含量的增加逐渐增大,Terner模型与Kerner模型的计算平均值能较好地预测实验结果。     

骨架结构对SiC/Al双连续相复合材料的影响

用挤压铸造法制备了不同结构的SiC泡沫增强ZL109双连续相复合材料,研究了增强体骨架结构(筋的结构、泡沫孔和体积分数)对复合材料压缩性能和弯曲性能的影响。结果表明:SiC泡沫增强体的筋的结构影响了界面的结合,影响了材料的压缩性能;当筋具有三明治结构时,复合材料的强度最大;当筋具有双层结构时,复合材料的强度最低;随着SiC泡沫孔径的增大,复合材料的压缩强度、弹性模量和屈服强度都有所提高,材料的屈服应变减小,弯曲强度先升高后降低,弯曲强度在泡沫孔径为1.5 mm时达到最大值;复合材料的压缩强度随着增强体体积分数的增大而提高,屈服应变随着体积分数的增大而减小。     

An experimental bone defect healing with hydroxyapatite coating plasma sprayed on carbon/carbon composite implants

Hydroxyapatite coatings with proper thickness were coated on fusion-cage-like carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite implants for bone tissue reconstruction by the plasma spraying technique. Autogenously bone filled fusion-cage-like implants were grafted in hybrid goats' tibia for 328 days. By means of X-ray photography, histological observation and scanning electron microscopy, the biological behaviors of the coating were compared with the pure carbon fiber reinforced carbon composites and the bone defect healing effect of the implants was evaluated. The results indicated that hydroxyapatite coating has more obvious osteoconductive effect than the pure carbon fiber reinforced carbon composites with surface bioinert. The calcium and phosphorus ions leached from HA provide a suitable biological mineralization environment that accelerates the metabolism of bone, the osteoblast differentiation and collagen synthesis. The coating can significantly speed up the bone defect healing process and improve the surface bioactivity of carbon fiber reinforced carbon composites.     

Microstructure evolution and thermal stability of an Fe-based amorphous alloy powder and thermally sprayed coatings

High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying has been used to produce coatings of an Fe–18.9%Cr–16.1%B–4.0%C–2.8%Si–2.4%Mo–1.9%Mn–1.7%W (in at.%) alloy from a commercially available powder (Nanosteel SHS7170). X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to investigate the powder, as-sprayed coatings and annealed coatings which had been heated to temperatures in the range of 550–925 °C for times ranging from 60 to 3900 min. Microhardness changes of the coatings were also measured as a function of annealing time and temperature. The powder was found to comprise amorphous and crystalline particles; the former had a maximum diameter of around 22 μm. The coating was composed of splat like regions, arising from rapid solidification of fully molten powder, and near-spherical regions from partially melted powder which had a largely retained its microstructure. The amorphous fraction of the coating was around 50% compared with 18% for the powder. The enthalpies and activation energies for crystallization of the amorphous phase were determined. Crystallization occurred in a two stage process leading to the formation of α-Fe (bcc), Fe_1.1Cr_0.9B_0.9 and M₂₃C₆ phases. DSC measurements showed that the first stage occurred at 650 °C. Annealing the coating gave a hardening response which depended on temperature and time. The as-sprayed coating had a hardness of 9.2 GPa and peak hardnesses of 12.5 and 11.8 GPa were obtained at 650 and 750 °C, respectively. With longer annealing times hardness decreased rapidly from the peak.     

热喷涂FeCrAl/WC涂层的组织和高温冲蚀行为

采用粉芯丝材和高速电弧喷涂技术制备高温氧化环境下抗冲蚀磨损FeCrAl/WC涂层。用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪对FeCrAl/WC涂层的组织、成分和涂层表面冲蚀磨损形貌进行了分析。用自制的高温冲蚀磨损试验机对FeCrAl/WC涂层在不同温度、攻角下的冲蚀磨损性能进行了测试。结果表明 ,高速电弧喷涂FeCrAl/WC涂层具有颗粒增强复合材料的层状组织特征。 4 5 0℃以下 ,FeCrAl/WC涂层均呈现韧性冲蚀行为 ;90°攻角时不同温度以及 6 5 0℃时不同攻角对FeCrAl/WC涂层的冲蚀行为影响不大。温度高于 35 0℃ ,FeCrAl/WC涂层具有良好的全攻角冲蚀磨损抗力 ,6 5 0℃棱角状石英磨粒冲蚀条件下 ,FeCrAl/WC涂层的冲蚀磨损抗力为 2 0g钢的 1 .94～ 2 .0 3倍。探讨了FeCrAl/WC涂层高温冲蚀磨损机理     

Effect of SiC whiskers on the oxidation protective properties of SiC coatings for carbon/carbon composites

In order to effectively employ the unique high temperature mechanical properties of carbon/carbon composite substrates, SiC coatings reinforced by SiC whiskers were prepared by pack cementation method. The effect of SiC whiskers on the oxidation resistance properties of the single-layer coating and double-layer coating was investigated. SiC whiskers in the single-layer SiC coating have little effect on the anti-oxidation property but obviously improve the thermal shock property. The double-layer coating with inner-layer reinforced coating exhibits more perfect anti-oxidation ability than the double-layer coating with SiC inner-layer coating.     

Thermal cycling failure of new LaMgAl11O19/YSZ double ceramic top coat thermal barrier coating systems

New LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉ (LaMA)/YSZ double ceramic top coat thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with the potential application in advanced gas-turbines and diesel engines to realize improved efficiency and durability were prepared by plasma spraying, and their thermal cycling failure were investigated. The microstructure evolutions as well as the crystal chemistry characteristics of LaMA coating which seemed to have strong influences on the thermal cycling failure of LaMA and the new double ceramic top coat TBCs based on LaMA/YSZ system were studied. For double ceramic top coat TBC system, interface modification of LaMA/YSZ by preparing thin composite coatings seemed to be more preferred due to the formations of multiple cracks during thermal cycling making the TBC to be more strain tolerant and as well as resulting in an improved thermal cycling property. The effects of the TGO stresses on the failure behavior of the TBCs were discussed through fluorescence piezo-spectroscopy analysis.     

Corrosion behaviour of Mg/Al alloys with composite coatings

The corrosion behaviour of aluminium/silicon carbide (Al/SiC) composite coatings deposited by thermal spray on AZ31, AZ80 and AZ91D magnesium-aluminium alloys was investigated by electrochemical and gravimetric measurements in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at 22 °C. Corrosion products were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and low-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). Al/SiC composite coatings in the as-sprayed state revealed high level of porosity with poor bonding at the Al/SiC and coating/substrate interfaces, which facilitated degradation of the magnesium substrates by a mechanism of galvanic corrosion. Cold-pressing post-treatment produced more compact coatings with improved corrosion performance in 3.5 wt.% NaCl compared with as-sprayed coatings.     

氨基磺酸镍/碳化硅复合镀层组织及硬度分析

配制了氨基磺酸镍电镀液,找出了最佳镀液成分和工艺参数。使用扫描电子显微镜、超景深显微镜、库仑测厚仪、XRD衍射仪和显微硬度计对镀层进行了分析。结果表明,镀液组成最佳为氨基磺酸镍360g/L、氯化镍20g/L、硼酸38g/L;镀液温度范围在45~60℃,电流密度为5~18A/dm^3。复合镀镍/碳化硅的最大电流密度为15A/dm^3。电流密度15A/dm^2的镀速为113μm/h,镀层硬度为638HV。     

Ir/SiC界面结合力、稳定性和电子结构的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论（DFT）第一性原理研究了Ir(111)/SiC(111)界面。在考虑不同堆垛位置和表面封端的基础上,共研究了6种不同的界面构型。结果表明：具有9层原子层的Ir(111)表面构型表现体相材料的特征,而12层原子层的SiC(111)表面构型能体现体相SiC的性能。粘附功和界面能结果表明,C封端顶位堆垛（C-TS）和Si封端中心位堆垛（Si-CS）界面构型具有最大的粘附功,分别为6.35和6.23 J/m²,是最稳定的构型;弛豫后的界面能分别为0.07和0.10 J/m²。电子结构分析表明：C-TS界面处具有离子特性,而Si-CS界面处具有共价键特性。C-TS和Si-CS界面的结合强度和稳定性归因于Ir-d与C-p,Si-p轨道之间的杂化。与C-TS界面相比,Si-CS界面第2层原子与界面Ir原子的相互作用更大。     

Thermal conductivity of plasma-sprayed W/SiC composite for high-temperature energy applications

W/SiC metal matrix composites were produced by gas tunnel type plasma spraying (GTPS) using a mixture of 12 wt.% SiC-88 wt.% W feedstock powder. This work aimed at the optimization of the plasma gun current for deposition of a W/SiC composite with fine microstructure on AISI 304 substrate. Characterization of deposits was performed in order to assess microstructure, micro-hardness, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity. WO₃ was detected in the composite deposits, which indicated that the tungsten partially oxidized during plasma spraying. Also, the deposit composite was dense and nearly free of pores due to the little mismatch between the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) for W and SiC. Microhardness values gradually decreased as a function of input current due to the formation of WO₃ and the decomposition of SiC particles in high temperature flame region. The thermal conductivity as high as ∼ 59 W/mK was obtained at gun current 80 A. It was found that both tungsten oxide and structure imperfections have a significant influence on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties.     

喷涂Al／SiC复合材料的制备与组织分析

采用等离子喷涂技术和亚音速火焰喷涂技术制备了高性能Al／SiC复合材料。利用OM，SEM，TEM，XRD等仪器详细分析了上述两种技术制备的Al／SiC复合材料微观组织。结果显示，亚音速火焰喷涂技术和等离子喷涂技术均可制备出SiC体积分数大于50％的Al／SiC复合材料，所制备的Al／SiC复合材料组织致密、颗粒均匀分布、SiC颗粒和Al之间的界面结合良好。XRD研究表明，等离子喷涂Al／SiC复合材料中存在着Al，SiC，晶体Si等相。亚音速火焰喷涂Al／SiC复合材料中的相是由Al，SiC和少量的Al2O3组成。与等离子喷涂相比，亚音速火焰喷涂Al／SiC复合材料的孔隙率较高，氧化程度较高。此外等离子喷涂Al／SiC复合材料中有一定量纳米尺度的晶粒和颗粒。     

Atmospheric plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings with high segmentation crack densities: Spraying process, microstructure and thermal cycling behavior

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with high strain tolerance are favorable for application in hot gas sections of aircraft turbines. To improve the strain tolerance of atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) TBCs, 400 μm-500 μm thick coatings with very high segmentation crack densities produced with fused and crushed yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were developed. Using a Triplex II plasma gun and an optimized spraying process, coatings with segmentation crack densities up to 8.9 cracks mm^− 1, and porosity values lower than 6% were obtained. The density of branching cracks was quite low which is inevitable for a good inter-lamellar bonding.Thermal cycling tests yielded promising strain tolerance behavior for the manufactured coatings. Samples with high segmentation crack densities revealed promising lifetime in burner rig tests at rather high surface (1350 °C) and bondcoat temperatures (up to 1085 °C), while coatings with lower crack densities had a reduced performance. Microstructural investigations on cross-sections and fracture surfaces showed that the segmentation crack network was stable during thermal shock testing for different crack densities. The main failure mechanism was delamination and horizontal cracking within the TBC near the thermal grown oxide layer (TGOs) and the TBC.     

Cf/SiC复合材料的氧化及抗氧化技术研究进展

连续碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料（C_f/SiC）因其具有高比强、高比模、耐磨损、良好热稳定性以及耐高温等突出性能,成为航空、航天、高性能武器装备等高尖端领域极具潜力的热结构材料。但高温氧化是其工程应用上的弱点,会造成C_f/SiC复合材料性能的下降,直接影响到材料的使用寿命和安全性。分析C_f/SiC复合材料的氧化影响因素,从界面相、基体和表面涂层3个方面综述C_f/SiC复合材料高温抗氧化技术的研究进展,结果表明：不同的温度区间内C_f/SiC复合材料的氧化行为不同,而界面改性、涂层抗氧化和基体改性相结合是实现材料抗氧化的关键。     

浸渗温度对SiC/Al双连续相复合材料界面组织和导热性的影响

采用原位反应无压浸渗工艺,制备了Si C/Al双连续相复合材料,研究烧结温度对Si C/Al双连续相复合材料的导热性能的影响,观察Si C/Al双连续相复合材料的表面形貌。结果表明:Al合金熔体在无压下能渗入三维网状Si C多孔陶瓷孔隙,形成组织均匀具有网络贯穿结构的Si C/Al双连续相复合材料。浸渗温度对复合材料的导热系数影响很大,当浸渗温度为900、1000、1100和1200℃时,复合材料室温下的导热系数分别为167.4、160、154和152 W/(m·K),与浸渗温度900℃相比,浸渗温度1200℃复合材料室温下的导热系数下降了9%。因此,在保证浸渗完全的情况下,随着浸渗温度的升高,复合材料的导热性能越来越差,这主要是由于高温下熔融Al液与Si C陶瓷之间发生界面反应所致;适当地降低熔渗温度可以减缓界面反应的程度,从而提高复合材料的导热性能。本实验的最佳工艺条件为N2气氛,900℃保温3 h。     

Microstructure and thermal cycle resistance of plasma sprayed mullite coatings made from secondary mullitized natural andalusite powder

Natural andalusite powder was calcinated at a high temperature in air to realize secondary mullitization. The resultant secondary mullitized powder was spray-dried and heat-treated to improve sprayable capability. The heat-treated spherical powder was then plasma sprayed onto Ni-based high-temperature alloy (Hastelloy C-276) to form mullite coatings. The chemical composition and phase structure of the as-sprayed and thermally cycled mullite coatings were determined by means of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) and X-ray diffraction. The microstructure of the as-sprayed coatings was analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope; and their porosity, microhardness and bonding strength were measured. Moreover, the phase transition temperature and enthalpy of the coatings were determined by means of differential scanning calorimetry; and their thermal shock resistance was evaluated as well. Results show that the spray-dried and heat-treated powder consists of mullite and a small amount of Al₂O₃; while the as-sprayed mullite coatings are composed of crystalline mullite as the major phase and a small amount of amorphous glass phase. During thermal cycle test, the amorphous glass phase is partially transformed to crystalline mullite, finally leading to failure of the coatings. Whether before or after thermal cycle, the mullite coatings experience phase transition around 980 °C, and the enthalpy of crystallization is determined to be − 141.9 × 10^− 3 J/kg and − 95.48 × 10^− 3 J/kg, respectively. The as-sprayed mullite coatings have a porosity of about 6.0 ± 0.2% and possess good thermal cycle resistance, showing promising prospect in a high-temperature application.