碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的制备及其力学性能表征

利用高速剪切和球磨相结合的工艺,用石蜡辅助分散,制备得到碳纳米管(CNT)/铝复合粉体,随后采用常压烧结与大气热压相结合的工艺成型,最后经过热挤二次加工制备得到CNT增强铝基复合材料.结果表明,采用石蜡辅助的球磨混合分散工艺能显著改善CNT在基体中分布的均匀性,常压烧结后大气热压能显著提高材料致密度,达到类似热压烧结的效果,使材料力学性能显著提高;随着CNT含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和布氏硬度逐渐升高,当CNT质量分数增加到2.0％时达到最大值,分别为245MPa和106.66N/mm2.     

数值模拟碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的力学性能

本文根据连续介质理论,采用代表性体积元的方法计算了碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的力学性能。使用有限元软件ABAQUS对代表性体积元模型进行分析,研究了不同碳纳米管体积分数对复合材料弹性模量、屈服强度、泊松比及剪切模量的影响。结果表明碳纳米管体积分数对复合材料力学性能有显著影响,随着碳纳米管体积分数的增加,复合材料的弹性模量、屈服强度及剪切强度都明显提高,泊松比略有下降。     

碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料制备技术进展

通过对比工艺方法和材料力学性能,总结了球磨混合、大塑性变形、热喷涂、纳米尺度分散、原位生成以及片状粉末冶金等主要制备技术的优缺点,并结合当前制备过程中的主要问题,讨论了碳纳米管/铝复合材料未来的发展方向.     

碳纳米管和氧化铝混杂增强铝基复合材料的制备及力学性能

采用化学气相沉积结合机械球磨的方法制备了碳纳米管(CNTs)和Al_2O_3颗粒混杂增强铝基复合材料,研究了球磨时间、Al_2O_3含量对复合材料组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:本方法可以获得CNTs和Al_2O_3颗粒在铝基体内的均匀分散。随球磨时间的增加,复合材料的硬度随之增大;当球磨时间为180min时,复合材料硬度达纯铝的2.1倍。此外,随Al_2O_3颗粒含量的增加,复合材料的硬度和压缩屈服强度均不断提高。当Al_2O_3的质量分数为4%时,CNTsAl_2O_3/Al复合材料的硬度达112.1HV,为纯铝的2.8倍;压缩屈服强度达416MPa,为纯铝的4.6倍,说明CNTs和Al_2O_3的混杂加入发挥了良好的协同增强效果。     

球磨工艺对原位合成碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响

将原位化学气相沉积法合成的碳纳米管(CNTs)与铝的复合粉末进行球磨混合,进而粉末冶金制备CNTs/Al复合材料,研究球磨工艺对复合材料的微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:球磨过程中不添加过程控制剂所得到的复合材料力学性能优异;随着球磨时间的增加,CNTs逐步分散嵌入铝基体内部,复合材料的组织也变得更加致密均匀。CNTs/Al复合材料的硬度和抗拉强度均随球磨时间的延长持续增加,但是伸长率先增后减。经90min球磨的CNTs/Al复合材料展现了强韧兼备的特点,其硬度和抗拉强度较原始纯铝提高了1.4倍和1.7倍,并且具有17.9%的高伸长率。     

碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的界面研究进展

碳纳米管以其稳定的结构、优异的力学性能,成为复合材料的理想增强相.其增强效果受多方面因素影响,界面是决定其增强效果的关键因素之一,也是金属基复合材料的研究重点.简要介绍了碳纳米管增强铝基(CNTs/Al)复合材料的界面结合机制及界面对复合材料性能的影响,评述了热膨胀系数,制备方法、碳纳米管纯度等多种因素对CNTs/Al复合材料界面的影响,并提出了改善界面的方法.     

碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料界面控制研究进展

碳纳米管被认为是下一代最理想的铝基复合材料增强相,其与铝基体的界面结合情况是影响复合材料性能的重要因素之一。介绍了碳纳米管与铝基体界面反应条件以及界面反应产物对复合材料性能的影响,从碳纳米管表面金属包裹、碳纳米管表面化学键的修饰、制备工艺参数等方面综述了界面优化的方法,并讨论了界面优化对碳纳米管增强效率的影响。     

碳化硅增强铝基复合材料的力学性能和断裂机制

研究了碳化硅颗粒(SiCp)尺寸对用粉末冶金法制备体积分数为15%的SiCp/2009铝基复合材料力学性能和断裂机制的影响.结果表明,复合材料的强度随着SiCp尺寸的增大而减小,塑性则随着颗粒的增大而增大.当SiCp尺寸为1.5μm时,SiCp/2009A1复合材料的断裂主要以界面处撕裂和基体材料的开裂为主;当SiCp尺寸为20 μm时,复合材料的断裂主要以SiCp断裂为主;当SiCp尺寸处于两者之间时,SiCp/2009A1复合材料界面处撕裂和SiCp断裂的共同作用决定复合材料的断裂.     

连续氧化铝纤维增强铝基复合材料的新进展

从制备,性能和应用几个方面概述了近几年新兴的连续高强氧化铝纤维增强铝基复合材料的特点,以及该类复合材料所具有的良好应用价值和应用前景。     

碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料分散方法研究进展

碳纳米管与铝基体的结合,可以获得导电和导热性良好及综合力学性能优异的复合材料,有望成为新一代轻质高强、结构功能一体化的复合材料.在制备碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料过程中,碳纳米管的团聚将降低界面结合,诱发缺陷产生,导致性能大幅下降,因此,调控优化碳纳米管的分散状态、含量成为获取良好界面结合,获得高性能碳纳米管增强铝基复合材...     

碳纳米管增强铝基复合泡沫的阻尼性能

通过填加造孔剂方法制备了碳纳米管（CNTs）增强铝基复合泡沫,采用热机械分析仪研究了测试温度、频率、外加振幅、泡沫的孔隙率和CNTs含量对其阻尼性能的影响,并分析了相关阻尼机制。结果表明:复合泡沫铝的阻尼性能随孔隙率和振幅的增大而提高,随着频率的增加而下降。在环境测试温度25~200℃范围内,复合泡沫的损耗因子变化较小;当温度高于200℃后,损耗因子随温度升高有明显的提高。CNTs的加入可以显著提高泡沫铝的阻尼性能,常温下3.0% CNTs增强的铝基复合泡沫的损耗因子达0.27,为泡沫铝的3.71倍。复合泡沫的阻尼机制主要为位错阻尼、晶界阻尼、孔隙阻尼、CNTs的本征阻尼和CNTs-Al间界面阻尼,其中本征和界面阻尼发挥了重要的增强作用。      

Modeling carbon nanotube reinforced composite materials with the cylindrical method of cells

Micromechanics modeling, utilizing a cylindrical method of cells (CMOC) model, is employed to obtain the effective mechanical properties of an elastic transversely isotropic, isothermal material system consisting of a hollow carbon nanotube (CNT) embedded in an isotropic polymeric material matrix. It is shown that weak interfacial bonding between the CNT and polymeric matrix, which is characteristic of this type of material system, can be modeled with the CMOC. Numerical solutions of the effective independent material constants are obtained, based upon appropriate values of the properties of the carbon nanotube and epoxy matrix. The numerical results are presented graphically and compared with corresponding classical closed‐form solutions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanical properties of cross-ply and quasi-isotropic composite laminates processed using aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube/epoxy prepreg

This study examined the processing and mechanical properties of cross-ply and quasi-isotropic composite laminates processed using aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube/epoxy prepreg sheets. Three kinds of CNT/epoxy laminates, ([0°/90°]s, [60°/0°/?60°]s, [0°/45°/90°/?45°]s) were successfully fabricated using aligned CNT/epoxy prepreg sheets. The CNT volume fraction was approximately 10%. No visible void or delamination was observed in composite laminates, and the thickness of each layer was almost equal to that of the prepreg. To evaluate the elastic moduli, E₁₁, E₂₂, and G₁₂, of each ply in the laminates, on-axis and off-axis tensile tests (0°, 45°, 90°) were conducted of aligned CNT/epoxy lamina specimens. The Young’s modulus of CNT/epoxy cross-ply and quasi-isotropic laminates agreed with the theoretical values, which were calculated using classical laminate theory and elastic moduli of CNT/epoxy lamina. The respective failure strains of [0°/90°]s, [60°/0°/?60°]s, and [0°/45°/90°/?45°]s laminates are 0.65, 0.92, 0.63%, which are higher than that of 0° composite lamina (0.5%). Results suggest that the failure strain of 0° layer in composite laminates is improved because of the other layers.     

陶瓷/碳纳米管复合材料的制备、性能及韧化机理

评述和讨论了碳纳米管增强陶瓷基复合材料的制备工艺,包括碳纳米管在陶瓷基体上的分散和材料的烧结成型,添加碳纳米管后材料力学性能、导电和导热等物理性能的改善以及韧化机理,指出碳纳米管在陶瓷材料基体上的均匀分散,碳纳米管在组织中存活,碳纳米管与陶瓷基体的界面结合状态是影响碳纳米管增强陶瓷基复合材料性能提高的关键.     

Effects of fibre content on mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of short carbon fibre reinforced geopolymer matrix composites

Geopolymer matrix composites reinforced with different volume fractions of short carbon fibres (C_f/geopolymer composites) were prepared and the mechanical properties, fracture behaviour and microstructure of as-prepared composites were studied and correlated with fibre content. The results show that short carbon fibres have a great strengthening and toughening effect at low volume percentages of fibres (3·5 and 4·5 vol.%). With the increase of fibre content, the strengthening and toughening effect of short carbon fibres reduce, possibly due to fibre damage, formation of high shear stresses at intersect between fibres and strong interface cohesion of fibre/matrix under higher forming pressure. The property improvements are primarily based on the network structure of short carbon fibre preform and the predominant strengthening and toughening mechanisms are attributed to the apparent fibre bridging and pulling-out effect.     

炭纤维增强羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸复合生物材料的力学性能和体外降解性能

采用溶液共混法制备了炭纤维(CF)增强羟基磷灰石(HA)/聚乳酸(PLA)三元复合生物材料。研究了该复合材料的力学性能和体外降解性能。CF/HA/PLA复合材料具有优异的力学性能, 弯曲强度和弯曲模量均随着HA含量的增加先升高后降低, 存在一个峰值, 可分别达到430MPa和26GPa。在PBS模拟体液中降解3个月, 弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别下降到初始值的30%和36%。SEM照片显示, 降解是从复合材料的界面开始的, 降解3个月后, 界面结合处出现缝隙, 吸水率增加到5%, 质量损失只有1.6%。PBS模拟体液的pH值下降在0.1之内, 有利于骨折部位的愈合。实验结果表明, 该复合材料的机械性能满足骨折内固定材料技术指标的要求。      

Mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with amino groups were prepared after such steps as oxidation, the addition of carboxyalkyl radicals, acylation and amidation. Besides oxidated-MWNTs/epoxy nanocomposites, amino-functionalized MWNTs/epoxy nanocomposites, in which MWNTs with amino groups acted as a curing agent and covalently attached into the epoxy matrix, were fabricated. Subsequently, the effects of MWNT content on the mechanical and thermal properties for the two systems were investigated. It is found that both the tensile strength and impact strength enhance with the increase of MWNT addition, and the most significant improvement of the tensile strength (+51%) and especially impact strength (+93%) is obtained with amine-treated MWNTs at an 1.5 wt.% content. Moreover, the thermal stability of the nanocomposites also distinctly improves. The improvement of the properties of the amine-treated MWNTs system is more remarkable than those of o-MWNTs system. The reasons for these changes were discussed.     

碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料金字塔点阵夹芯假脚结构在竖向载荷下的力学性能

对碳纤维增强树脂复合材料金字塔点阵夹芯假脚结构在竖向载荷下的力学性能进行研究.制备了三种不同相对密度的假脚,并进行了竖向载荷压缩试验.结果 表明,相对密度对结构力学性能的影响显著,载荷-位移曲线呈非线性,峰值载荷和刚度值随相对密度的增加而增大,三种相对密度的破坏模式均为节点的失效和面板的皱曲,结构具有一定的能量吸收能力...     

Investigation of carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials

We have increased the tensile strength without compromising the elongation of aluminum (Al)–carbon nanotube (CNT) composite by a combination of spark plasma sintering followed by hot-extrusion processes. From the microstructural viewpoint, the average thickness of the boundary layer with relatively low CNT incorporation has been observed by optical, field-emission scanning electron, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopies. Significantly, the Al–CNT composite showed no decrease in elongation despite highly enhanced tensile strength compared to that of pure Al. We believe that the presence of CNTs in the boundary layer affects the mechanical properties, which leads to well-aligned CNTs in the extrusion direction as well as effective stress transfer between the Al matrix and the CNTs due to the generation of aluminum carbide.     

Mechanical property enhancement of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube sheets and composites through press-drawing process

A solid-state drawing and winding process was done to create thin aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets from CNT arrays. However, waviness and poor packing of CNTs in the sheets are two main weaknesses restricting their reinforcing efficiency in composites. This report proposes a simple press-drawing technique to reduce wavy CNTs and to enhance dense packing of CNTs in the sheets. Non-pressed and pressed CNT/epoxy composites were developed using prepreg processing with a vacuum-assisted system. Effects of pressing on the mechanical properties of the aligned CNT sheets and CNT/epoxy composites were examined. Pressing with distributed loads of 147, 221, and 294 N/m showed a substantial increase in the tensile strength and the elastic modulus of the aligned CNT sheets and their composites. The CNT sheets under a press load of 221 N/m exhibited the best mechanical properties found in this study. With a press load of 221 N/m, the pressed CNT sheet and its composite, respectively, enhanced the tensile strength by 139.1 and 141.9%, and the elastic modulus by 489 and 77.6% when compared with non-pressed ones. The pressed CNT/epoxy composites achieved high tensile strength (526.2 MPa) and elastic modulus (100.2 GPa). Results show that press-drawing is an important step to produce superior CNT sheets for development of high-performance CNT composites.