镁盐晶须对磷石膏基胶凝材料力学性能的影响

以磷肥工业废弃物磷石膏为主要原料制备磷石膏基胶凝材料(PGF),研究镁盐晶须掺量对磷石膏基胶凝材料抗压强度、抗折强度、抗冲击功强度的影响,结合X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试方法,对磷石膏基胶凝材料的微观性能进行分析.结果表明,当MSW掺量为3％,其3 d、7 d和28 d抗压强度分别为15 MPa、18...     

赤泥基胶凝材料的制备与性能研究

以赤泥、粉煤灰为主要胶凝材料,掺入适量激发剂(石灰)和脱硫石膏,制备了性能优异的赤泥基胶凝材料,并优化了配合比,研究了赤泥基胶凝材料的力学性能、体积稳定性和抗渗性.研究表明赤泥掺量65％,粉煤灰掺量20％,石灰掺量10％,脱硫石膏掺量5％时赤泥基胶凝材料的28 d抗压强度达到3.4 MPa,劈裂抗拉强度达到1.11 MPa.而赤泥掺量65％,粉煤灰掺量25％,石灰掺量5％,脱硫石膏掺量5％时,赤泥基胶凝材料的28 d干燥收缩为115×10-6 m,28 d温度收缩在-20～40℃ 范围内最小为40×10-6 m/℃,空气渗透系数为9.79×10-10 cm/s,抗水渗透系数为1.02×10-6 cm/s.研究表明在适量掺加石灰和脱硫石膏,有利于提高粉煤灰的水化,提高结构密实度,提高了赤泥基胶凝材料的力学性能、体积稳定性和抗渗性.     

不同激发剂对钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学性能影响的研究

通过往钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料中掺加不同掺量的减水剂、硫酸钠和水泥,研究不同激发剂不同掺量对其力学性能的影响及影响机理,并确定各激发剂的不同掺量,以达到提高力学性能的目的。分析研究表明,当减水剂掺量为0.8%时钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学强度最大,其28d抗折、抗压强度分别为1.48MPa和5.75MPa;当硫酸钠掺量为0.8%时钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学强度最大,其28d抗折、抗压强度分别为2.54MPa和9.61MPa;当水泥掺量为10%时力学性能较好,其28d抗折、抗压强度分别为,6.31MPa和18.75MPa。     

煤矸石胶凝材料的试验研究

采用煤矸石活化料、矿渣和熟料作为主要原料,外掺复合激发剂来制备煤矸石胶凝材料。研究了煤矸石活化料掺量、石膏掺量以及激发剂对煤矸石胶凝材料性能的影响;并借助XRD和SEM分析了其水化机理。试验结果表明:煤矸石活化料掺量为60%时,煤矸石充填胶凝材料的3 d、7 d和28 d抗压强度分别达到了15.2 MPa、22.8 MPa和35.5 MPa;石膏掺量为4%时,煤矸石充填胶凝材料的3 d、7 d和28 d抗压强度分别达到了15.7 MPa、24.4 MPa和37.8 MPa;复合激发剂最佳掺量为5%,煤矸石充填胶凝材料的3 d、7 d和28 d抗压强度分别达到了27.5 MPa、35.4 MPa和55.4 MPa。     

矿渣及脱硫石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的试验研究

研究了不同的煅烧温度及保温时间对脱硫石膏-粉煤灰新型复合胶凝体系抗压强度的影响.在此基础上引入矿渣,研究矿渣及其掺量时脱硫石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝体系的影响,并通过掺加矿物激发剂和化学激发剂对其改性.对较优配比的复合胶凝材料进行XRD与SEM研究,分析了其水化产物的成分与形貌.最后,对复合胶凝材料的基本性能进行检测.结果显示,适当的脱硫石膏的煅烧温度与保温时间、适宜掺量的矿渣、矿物激发剂与化学激发剂均能提高复合胶凝体系的强度;经改性的复合胶凝材料具有较好的性能.     

碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的性能与硬化浆体结构

为充分利用磷渣和粉煤灰两种工业废渣生产高性能胶凝材料,研究了不同磷渣/粉煤灰配合比的碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料性能,并用扫描电子显微镜和压汞仪分析了硬化浆体的细观结构和孔结构.结果表明:碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间正常,在粉煤灰掺量为0～30 %(质量分数)范围内,随粉煤灰的掺量的增加,碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间略有延长.与普通硅酸盐水泥相比,碱-磷渣胶凝材料的抗压强度较高,其3d和28d抗压强度分别可达到30.9MPa和98.8MPa,但其抗折强度相对较低.掺加粉煤灰后碱胶凝材料的抗压强度降低,而抗折强度提高.碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的耐蚀性和抗冻性能均显著优于硅酸盐水泥,其干缩比硅酸盐水泥的大.用部分粉煤灰取代磷渣粉可一定程度减小干缩.碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料硬化浆体的结构非常致密,其孔隙率和平均孔径均小于普通硅酸盐水泥硬化浆体.     

超高掺量粉煤灰胶凝材料基本性能研究

为了研究高掺量粉煤灰胶凝材料的特性,通过SPSS软件优化设计了高掺量粉煤灰胶凝材料正交配比试验,并根据国标测定了该系列材料的相关特性参数,采用显著度分析、极差分析等手段研究了材料特性变化规律.该系列胶凝材料粉煤灰掺量最高达到95％,有较好的流动性及保水率,初、终凝时间可调,7 d单轴抗压强度为可达3.61 MPa,21 d单轴抗压强度可达8.09 MPa,28 d单轴抗压强度可达8.89 MPa.材料强度在早期增长速度较快,在21 d左右,材料强度基本稳定,增长速度大幅放缓,28 d左右能达到稳定强度.研究了材料流动性、保水率、凝结时间及单轴抗压强度与材料配比之间的关系.     

外掺料对磷石膏基胶凝材料力学及导热性能的影响

将磷石膏应用于建筑业,可以解决磷化工副产物堆积的问题。采用单因素实验,通过改变水灰质量比、粉煤灰掺量、生石灰掺量等条件来研究各因素对磷石膏基胶凝材料力学性能及保温性能的影响,借助X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线荧光光谱（XRF）、扫描电镜（SEM）等手段来分析磷石膏基胶凝材料的物化性质和形貌结构。结果表明,磷石膏基胶凝材料的导热系数和抗压强度都与水灰质量比呈负相关,在水灰质量比为0.250时胶凝材料的抗压强度最大、水灰质量比为0.550时胶凝材料的导热系数最小;粉煤灰在磷石膏基胶凝体系中除了提供胶凝性能外,还会被生石灰激发出活性,增强胶凝体系的综合性能,粉煤灰掺量为50%（质量分数）时胶凝体系的综合性能最佳;生石灰在磷石膏基胶凝体系中对杂质的吸附效果明显,生石灰掺量超过7%（质量分数）以后对胶凝体系的保温性能和力学性能的增强效果明显。     

碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料的性能与硬化浆体结构(英文)

为充分利用磷渣和粉煤灰两种工业废渣生产高性能胶凝材料,研究了不同磷渣/粉煤灰配合比的碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料性能,并用扫描电子显微镜和压汞仪分析了硬化浆体的细观结构和孔结构。结果表明:碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间正常,在粉煤灰掺量为0～30%(质量分数)范围内,随粉煤灰的掺量的增加,碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间略有延长。与普通硅酸盐水泥相比,碱–磷渣胶凝材料的抗压强度较高,其3d和28d抗压强度分别可达到30.9MPa和98.8MPa,但其抗折强度相对较低。掺加粉煤灰后碱胶凝材料的抗压强度降低,而抗折强度提高。碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料的耐蚀性和抗冻性能均显著优于硅酸盐水泥,其干缩比硅酸盐水泥的大。用部分粉煤灰取代磷渣粉可一定程度减小干缩。碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料硬化浆体的结构非常致密,其孔隙率和平均孔径均小于普通硅酸盐水泥硬化浆体。     

轻质磷建筑石膏实心砌块的制备研究

以磷建筑石膏为胶凝材料,研究砌块基础配比、发泡剂稳定性和掺量、无机胶凝材料和复合外加剂掺量等制备因素对实心砌块表观密度和物理性能的影响.研究结果表明,在磷建筑石膏与粉煤灰质量比9∶1、石灰1.0％、泡沫液500 mL以及水灰比0.5条件下,制得磷建筑石膏实心砌块表观密度785 kg/m3、抗压强度4.04 MPa、软化系数0.35.砌块表观密度及强度分别达到JC/T 1062-2007《泡沫混凝土砌块》中B08密度等级(≤830 kg/m3)及A3.5强度等级(≥3.5 MPa)的要求.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。