甲醇行业发展的几点建议

世界甲醇生产能力超过40Mt／a，产量在30Mt／a以上，主要用于甲醛、MTBE和其他化工产品的生产。甲醇之所以没有像其他能源深加工产品得到迅速发展，主要是没有一个快速发展的下游主导产品市场。     

浙江石化40Mt/a炼化一体化项目获核准批复

<正>项目建设内容包括炼油及芳烃工艺装置、乙烯及下游装置和相关配套设施。项目总规模为40 Mt/a炼油、8 Mt/a对二甲苯、2.8 Mt/a乙烯及下游化工装置包括1 080 kt/a硫磺回收装置等。项目分两期建设,一期项目可按现有方案实施,建成后需进行科学评估。二期     

天津分公司1 Mt/a 乙烯及配套项目总流程分析及对策

简要介绍了天津分公司1 Mt/a 乙烯及配套项目总流程设计和实际运行情况,认真分析了天津分公司1 Mt/a 及配套项目总流程设计存在问题及原因.主要问题是乙烯原料无法满足要求,炼油赢利能力不强.主要原因是炼油能力不足,产品结构不尽合理.为此,天津分公司围绕着增产乙烯原料,改善炼油产品结构,进行了一系列技术改造,并制定了规划方案.     

焦炉煤气-甲醇产业链延伸技术方案的经济分析

与煤制甲醇和天然气制甲醇工艺相比,焦炉煤气制甲醇不仅可以有效利用焦炉煤气中的氢,而且具有低成本的优势。在焦炉煤气制甲醇工艺基础上,文中提出了3种具有发展潜力的焦炉煤气综合利用方案：①气化煤气-焦炉煤气制甲醇生产方案;② 焦炉煤气-乙炔-甲醇下游产品方案;③ 气化煤气-焦炉煤气-乙炔-甲醇下游产品方案。以200×10⁴ t焦炭的生产规模分析了3种方案经济性,其毛利润分别为24.21亿元,18.92亿元和28.74亿元;内部收益率分别为28.29%、24.34%和27.11%。气化煤气-焦炉煤气-乙炔-甲醇下游产品方案充分发挥了规模效应和产品高附加值的特点,具有明显的经济优势;系统灵活性高,抵御市场风险能力强。     

国内外甲醇市场概况

从生产能力、装置规模、需求量、进出口量及价格等方面分析了国内外甲醇市场的概况。结果表明,目前国外甲醇生产能力已超过40Mt／a,年需求量在30Mt／a以上,发展特点是装置向廉价天然气产地转移和装置趋于大型化。国内甲醇生产能力已达6Mt／a,2003年产量为3Mt,表观消费量为4．44Mt,进口量占需求量的30％,产能和消费量分别以24．55％和15．6％的速率增长。     

西山煤电煤焦化循环经济园区的规划探讨

介绍了西山煤电(集团)公司循环经济工业园区"十二五"发展规划的总体思路、煤化工产业链的选择、工艺技术的初步方案,并进行了投资估算及经济效益的评价。以年产1 500万t焦炭为起点,焦炉煤气的综合利用为主导,生产60万t/a甲醇制烯烃深加工产品、60万t/a焦油深加工产品、20万t/a粗苯深加工产品,并对深加工后的产品进行市场分析,预期规划实施后有一定的财务效益和抗风险能力。     

我国最大的煤制二甲醚项目正式启动

中天合创能源有限责任公司近日举行了揭牌仪式，这标志着我国最大的煤制二甲醚项目——鄂尔多斯3Mt二甲醚项目正式启动，主要包括25Mt／a煤矿、4．2Mt／a甲醇、3Mt／a二甲醚及其配套的600MW热电联供电厂、900多公里鄂尔多斯至唐山京唐港产品输送管道和50km矿区铁路专用线等单项工程。     

连云港碱厂1 Mt/a纯碱技术改造路线的确定

通过对连云港碱厂1Mt/a纯碱技术改造中增加煅烧炉和增加离心机两种方案的比较,确定以在现有煅烧工序前增设离心机及其附属设备技术方案作为首选实施方案。对改造方案和试运行情况作了简要介绍和说明,实践证明:增设离心机方案是能够消除我厂1Mt/a纯碱扩建中的生产瓶颈、满足1Mt/a纯碱生产能力的需要,并能够为企业带来巨大地经济效益。     

国内外消息

鄂尔多斯金诚泰化工1.8Mt／a甲醇一期工程投产
　　内蒙古鄂尔多斯市金诚泰化工有限责任公司年产1.8Mt／a煤制甲醇项目的立项、环评、用水、土地、安评等相关批复目前已全部完成，项目位于乌审旗境内，计划总投资30亿元，其中一期工程0.6Mt／a煤制甲醇项目2007年经内蒙古自治区发展改革委员会批准立项，投资18亿元，于2009年9月开工动工。2013年5月2日一期工程煤化工气化车间投料开车成功。近日，一期0.6Mt／a甲醇项目实现了一次投料和开车成功，生产出合格煤制甲醇产品。一期项目投产后，每年实现销售收入15亿元，税收3亿元。     

焦炉煤气-甲醇产业链延伸技术方案的经济分析

与煤制甲醇和天然气制甲醇工艺相比,焦炉煤气制甲醇不仅可以有效利用焦炉煤气中的氢,而且具有低成本的优势。在焦炉煤气制甲醇工艺基础上,文中提出了3种具有发展潜力的焦炉煤气综合利用方案:①气化煤气-焦炉煤气制甲醇生产方案;②焦炉煤气-乙炔-甲醇下游产品方案;③气化煤气-焦炉煤气-乙炔-甲醇下游产品方案。以200×104 t焦炭的生产规模分析了3种方案经济性,其毛利润分别为24.21亿元,18.92亿元和28.74亿元;内部收益率分别为28.29%、24.34%和27.11%。气化煤气-焦炉煤气-乙炔-甲醇下游产品方案充分发挥了规模效应和产品高附加值的特点,具有明显的经济优势;系统灵活性高,抵御市场风险能力强。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.