ZrB2加入量对ZrO2-C材料抗氧化性的影响

以ZrO2、鳞片石墨、ZrB2、Al粉、Si粉为主要原料,以热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂,制成石墨、Al粉和Si粉的质量分数分别固定为17%、3%和3%,硼化锆的加入量(质量分数)分别为0、5%、10%、15%、20%和30%,尺寸为40 mm×4 mm×4 mm的ZrO2-C-ZrB2复合材料样坯,先在180℃处理24 h,再在还原气氛中于1 200℃保温6 h煅烧,最后在空气气氛中进行恒温氧化试验,氧化温度分别为800、900、1 000、1 100和1 200 ℃保温30min,测量试样氧化后的质量变化率和氧化层厚度,采用SEM分析氧化后试样断面及氧化层的显微结构.结果表明:1)随着ZrB2加入量从0增加到30%,在800～1 200℃氧化后试样的氧化层厚度逐渐减小;2)ZrB2氧化生成的B2O3在试样表面形成低熔点相的保护膜,抑制了石墨的氧化,提高了ZrO2-C-ZrB2材料的抗氧化性.     

微孔富镁尖晶石对低碳MgO-C材料性能的影响

分别以微孔富镁尖晶石(5~3和3~1 mm)和电熔镁砂(5~3和3~1 mm)为粗骨料,以<1 mm的电熔镁砂为细骨料,以镁砂粉(≤0.088 mm)、鳞片石墨粉(≤0.088 mm)、金属铝粉(≤0.074 mm)为细粉,以酚醛树脂为结合剂,制备了w(C)=6%的两种低碳MgO-C材料,经220和1 500℃(埋焦炭)热处理后,测定其显气孔率、常温耐压强度、常温抗折强度、加热永久线变化率、抗热震性和抗渣性。结果表明:1)用微孔富镁尖晶石骨料取代普通低碳MgO-C材料中的部分镁砂骨料后,经220和1 500℃热处理后试样的显气孔率均比普通低碳MgO-C试样的大,体积密度均比普通低碳MgO-C试样的小;220℃固化后试样的强度比普通低碳MgO-C试样的小,但1 500℃热处理后试样的强度比普通低碳MgO-C试样的大;1 500℃热处理后试样的加热永久线变化率比普通低碳MgO-C试样的小。2)使用微孔富镁尖晶石骨料代替电熔镁砂骨料能有效提高低碳MgO-C材料的抗热震性,但对低碳MgO-C材料的抗侵蚀性不利。     

ZrB2-SiC/C层状复合陶瓷的高温氧化行为

利用流延法成膜和热压烧结工艺制备出了ZrB2-SiC层和石墨层交替排列、层厚均匀、界面清晰的ZrB2-SiC/C层状复合陶瓷.采用循环氧化法对ZrB2-SiC和ZrB2-SiC/C层状复合陶瓷在1000℃及1300℃空气中的氧化动力学曲线进行了研究.结果表明:在1000℃氧化增重时,ZrB2-SiC/C层状复合陶瓷在氧化反应初期表现为氧化增重,随着时间的增加,表现为氧化减重.在1300℃时,ZrB2-SiC/C层状复合陶瓷由于基体层ZrB2-SiC和弱夹层石墨相的氧化规律的相互叠加,使得其氧化增重曲线表现为抛物线规律.由XRD分析及扫描电镜观察发现,1300℃氧化15 h后,试样中不存在弱夹层石墨相,由于石墨相的挥发,材料残留孔隙.     

纳米TiC对低碳MgO-C砖抗氧化性及热导率的影响

研究了Al-Si-TiC组合添加剂中纳米TiC含量(分别相对于基本物料质量的0、0.05%、0.15%、0.30%)对低碳MgO-C砖(w(C)≈6%)在600、1 000、1 400℃时的抗氧化性的影响,并用扫描电镜对氧化后试样进行了显微结构观察分析.通过试样在600和800 ℃的热导率比较,研究了纳米TiC对低碳MgO-C砖导热性能的影响.结果表明:加入纳米TiC可以明显改善低碳MgO-C砖的抗氧化性能,且纳米TiC的加入量控制在0.15%左右最为合适;低碳MgO-C砖的热导率随着纳米TiC加入量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当其加入量超过0.15%后,试样热导率的变化不再明显,且纳米TiC加入量对低碳MgO-C砖800℃下热导率的影响比600℃下的影响大.     

氮化硼/二硼化锆对氧化镁-氧 化铝-碳材料性能影响

以电熔镁砂、用后镁碳砖、α-氧化铝和石墨为原料,引入复合添加剂氮化硼/二硼化锆（BN/ZrB2）,经共磨、加酚醛树脂结合剂混炼、成型及热处理工艺制备氧化镁-氧化铝-碳耐火材料,研究复合添加剂BN/ZrB2及煅烧温度对烧后试样烧结性、抗氧化性、显微结构和矿物相组成的影响。结果表明： BN/ZrB2添加剂在氧化镁-氧化铝-碳耐火材料中的优先氧化顺序为二硼化锆>氮化硼>碳,添加剂BN/ZrB2氧化生成三氧化二硼,三氧化二硼与基质中电熔镁砂及用后镁碳砖中的氧化镁反应生成低熔点相Mg3B2O6,液相Mg3B2O6有利于提高氧化镁-氧化铝-碳耐火材料的烧结性和抗氧化性。烧后试样矿物相组成为方镁石、镁铝尖晶石和少量Mg3B2O6相。     

ZrB_2对Al-Si复合Al_2O_3-C材料高温力学性能的影响

以板状刚玉、α-Al2O3微粉、Al粉、Si粉、ZrB2和石墨为原料,酚醛树脂为结合剂,采用150 MPa压力压制成25 mm×25 mm×145 mm的试样。研究ZrB2加入量(其质量分数分别为0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%)对Al-Si复合Al2O3-C材料高温抗折强度和抗热震性的影响,并分析了试样物相组成和显微结构的变化。结果表明:(1)加入ZrB2质量分数≥1%时,可明显提高200℃烘烤和700℃热处理后试样的高温抗折强度和抗热震性;加入ZrB2对1 500℃烧后试样的高温抗折强度和抗热震性影响不大。(2)加入ZrB2后AlN和SiC生成量明显增加,晶体发育良好,形成连续交叉连锁的网络结构,对材料增强、增韧作用显著,有利于提高材料的高温强度和抗热震性。     

炭黑及ZrB2对低碳MgO-C耐火材料抗氧化性及显微结构的影响

本文研究了不同类型的炭黑及ZrB2对低碳MgO-C耐火材料抗氧化性以及显微结构的影响.通过抗氧化实验和热重-差热实验(TG-DSC),分析了炭黑和ZrB2在空气气氛下的反应行为,通过粒度分析研究了炭黑的粒度及结构对镁碳材料抗氧化性的影响,利用X衍射分析(XRD)研究了埋碳烧成后试样的物相组成,结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)观察了试样的显微结构,并探讨了ZrB2在MgO-C耐火材料中的抗氧化机理.结果表明:半补强炉黑和通用炉黑由于具有较大的粒径和较低的炭黑结构,所以抗氧化性较好;自蔓延合成ZrB2与空气反应的最大放热峰温度低于碳热还原ZrB2,在温度较低时更容易与空气中的氧发生反应,且反应温度范围较宽,故其具有较好的抗氧化效果.     

加入ZnO对含Al低碳MgO-C耐火材料抗氧化性的影响

以质量分数为70%的粒度≤3 mm和24%的粒度<0.074 mm的电熔镁砂,3%的粒度<0.15 mm的鳞片石墨,3%的粒度<0.045 mm的金属铝粉为原料,外加4%的酚醛树脂制备了含Al低碳MgO-C耐火材料。加入1%(w)的<0.045 mm的ZnO替代电熔镁砂粉,研究了加入ZnO对含Al低碳MgO-C材料抗氧化性的影响。通过对比这两种材料的显气孔率、常温耐压强度,试样基质的物相变化来探讨原位尖晶石的生成与基质中加入ZnO之间的关系,并通过对比试样中脱碳层与原始层之间出现的致密MgO层来讨论两种低碳MgO-C材料抗氧化性的差异。研究表明:加入ZnO能够在MgO-C材料基质中形成ZnAl2O4,并加速尖晶石的原位生成,使得材料中能够更快更多地形成致密的MgO层,最终提高低碳MgO-C耐火材料的抗氧化性。     

B4C和Si组合抗氧化剂对低碳MgO-C砖抗氧化性能的影响

以电熔镁砂、鳞片石墨、炭黑为主要原料,热塑性酚醛树脂为结合剂,六次甲基四胺为固化剂,硅粉(w(Si)>80%,粒度<0.074mm)和碳化硼(d90=36.5μm)为组合抗氧化剂,混合均匀后,在200MPa下压制成36mm×36mm的低碳MgO-C试样,经200℃烘干24h后,分别在600℃、1000℃和1400℃保温2h进行氧化试验,通过脱碳层面积的比较,研究B4C和Si组合抗氧化剂对低碳MgO-C砖抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:(1)硅粉加入量为3%时,在600℃和1000℃,碳化硼加入量为0.5%的试样的抗氧化性能较好;在1400℃时,试样的抗氧化性能随碳化硼加入量的增大而增强,即碳化硼加入量为0.7%的试样抗氧化性能最好。(2)碳化硼加入量为0.5%时,在600℃和1000℃,硅粉加入量为3%与5%的试样的抗氧化性能相差不大,均比硅粉加入量为1%的试样好;而在1400℃,试样的抗氧化性能随硅粉加入量的增大有明显改善,即硅粉加入量为5%的试样抗氧化性能最好。(3)综合在不同温度下的氧化试验结果,认为含0.5?C和3%Si组合抗氧化剂的低碳镁碳材料的抗氧化性能最好。     

镁碳材料中原位合成ZrB2 的研究

用化学纯ZrO2和硼酸(H3BO3)以及工业铝粉为原料,首先采用微波合成的方法确定原位合成ZrB2的最佳原料配比为m(ZrO2):m(H3BO3):m(Al)=3:6:20,然后在不同温度下(分别为850℃、950℃、1050℃、1150℃、1250℃和1350℃)分别保温3h,在镁碳材料中原位合成ZrB2,并用XRD、SEM和EDAX对合成后的试样进行分析。试验结果表明:在850℃的反应温度下,ZrO2不能转化成ZrB2;ZrO2从950℃开始转化成ZrB2,并且随着温度升高,ZrO2转化成ZrB2的量越多。从SEM可以看出,在较高温度下,ZrB2分布在石墨周围,对石墨起到很好的包覆作用。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.