蛋鸡日粮中添加三氧化二砷的效果

在３８周龄产蛋鸡的日粮中添加２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料和４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料的三氧化二砷，以观察对产蛋鸡的影响。实验结果表明，添加三氧化二砷后产蛋鸡的产蛋率比对照组提高５２８％～６４１％（Ｐ＜００５），死亡率降低９０９％～１８．１８％，饲料报酬提高２２６％～３０２％，经济效益提高１１６２％～１４４３％。同时，鸡蛋的品质未受影响，蛋中砷的残留量也符合食品卫生标准。     

糖萜素在产蛋鸡日粮中的应用效果

试验旨在探讨糖萜素（Saccharicterpenin)对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明,在日粮中添加饲喂糖萜素的试验组,产蛋难平均产蛋率为74．3％,未饲喂萜素的对照组,产蛋鸡平均产蛋率为69．8％,试验组比对照组提高产蛋率4．5％,差异显著（P＜0．05）。组比对照组提高饲料报酬8．4％,差异显著（P＜0．05）。     

夏季产蛋鸡日粮中添加动物脂肪对提高产蛋性能的效果

夏季 ,产蛋鸡日粮中添喂动物脂肪的试验组 ,与不添喂的对照组 ,两组产蛋率分别为 85 .7%和 79.2 % ,两组差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;平均蛋重分别为 6 2 .44± 1.13g和 6 2 .2 7± 1.32g ,两组差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;料蛋比两组分别为 2 .5 1∶1和 2 .6 8∶1,两组差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;经济效益试验组比对照组提高 9.6 %。     

规模化生产,加工优质蛋白玉米前景广阔

规模化生产、加工优质蛋白玉米前景广阔陕西省农科院粮食作物研究所（７１２１００）杨引福，刘引理玉米籽粒的蛋白质含量一般在１０％以下，比水稻（７．０％～９．０％）高，比小麦（１３．０％～１４．０％）低．但玉米蛋白质总量中醇溶性蛋白（玉米胶蛋白）占５０％～...     

四川优质蛋白玉米缺口将继续扩大

<正> 四川省农业科学院研究员刘永红认为,未来四川省优质蛋白玉米缺口将继续扩大,对高淀粉玉米的需求将呈上升趋势。据介绍,四川玉米常年播种面积为2000万亩左右,占全国玉米播种总面积的5.3％,而消费量占全国总产量的10％以上,年缺口450～500     

植酸酶在蛋鸡日粮中的应用研究

试验选用产蛋高峰期罗曼蛋鸡，以１ｇ植酸酶代替７０ｇＤＣＰ的比例分别用植酸酶替代２／３ＤＣＰ和全部ＤＣＰ。在成本略有下降的情况下可有效地改善蛋鸡的生产性能，以全部替代ＤＣＰ组为佳；产蛋率提高２．８％，采食量提高１．７％，料蛋比减少２．８％，破蛋率减少０．１８％，日产蛋量提高１．３％，均优于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。实验结果表明在蛋鸡日粮中可以用商品植酸酶全部替代饲用ＤＣＰ。     

优质蛋白玉米的营养价值及发展前景

主要综述了新型玉米品种－优质蛋白玉米的培育概况及其食用价值和饲用价值，并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

优质玉米蛋白开发研究

该文通过玉米蛋白酶解,再对其水解物进行琥珀酰化改性,以便开发功能性质优良的玉米蛋白质,并分析复合改性对蛋白质功能性质和其结构参数的影响。研究发现:蛋白酶对玉米蛋白质有良好水解效果,水解度可达29.47％,随着酰化试剂用量增大,蛋白质酰化程度得以逐步提高。玉米蛋白质水解物(DH3.0)比原蛋白质更易被琥珀酰化,琥珀酰化对蛋白质水解物水溶性、乳化性、疏水性和结柔性影响比原蛋白质更显著,因而复合改性(酶解—酰化)是改变蛋白质功能性质更优良方法。     

玉米蛋白在食品中的应用

将玉米淀粉生产中的副产物——玉米蛋白应用在食品生产中，以添加4％的玉米蛋白粉替代面粉加工蛋糕，亦可使产品达到相应的质量标准。     

运动对淘汰蛋鸡肉用性能和肉品质的影响

为探讨运动对淘汰蛋鸡屠宰性能和肉品质的影响,选用360 只80 周龄海兰褐蛋鸡为实验材料,按体质量相近随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组从第82周开始训练到第85周后结束,为期4 周。在83、85 周分别测定实验鸡的屠宰性能和肉品质。结果表明：85 周龄时,运动训练能显著降低淘汰蛋鸡的腹脂质量和腹脂率（P＜0.05）,肉色、滴水损失率和肌内脂肪含量显著优于对照组;尽管各处理组胸肌水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量差异不显著,但运动训练组显著提高了肌内脂肪含量（P＜0.05）。因此,强制运动可增加淘汰蛋鸡白天活动量,在持续4 周后显著改善淘汰蛋鸡的肉品质和部分屠宰性能指标。     

大米蛋白肽对热应激时蛋鸡生产性能和相关生理生化指标的影响

研究在热应激的情况下,大米蛋白肽对蛋鸡生产性能和血液生理生化指标的影响.选择健康无病,体重相近的罗曼蛋鸡320只,随机分为4组,每组80只,下设4个重复,每个重复20只鸡.1组为对照组,2组、3组、4组为试验组,1组喂基础日粮,2、3、4组分别饲喂含1％、1.5％和2％的试验日粮.结果:在热应激条件下,添加1.5％～2％的大米蛋白肽能明显提高鸡的产蛋率、采食量、血液中的总蛋白、总脂和甲状腺素浓度(P＜0.05),显著降低产蛋鸡的料蛋比、血液中的血糖、醛固酮和皮质醇(P＜0.05),还能一定程度地降低鸡的死亡率.表明:在夏季,使用1.5％～2％的大米蛋白肽有利于提高蛋鸡的生产性能及改善相关的生理生化指标.     

载锌沸石对蛋鸡生产性能、血清激素水平及抗氧化功能的影响

旨在研究载锌沸石对蛋鸡生产性能、血清生殖激素水平及抗氧化功能的影响。将648只31周龄蛋鸡随机分为6组,每组设6个重复,每个重复18只。对照组饲喂基础日粮中添加Zn SO4的对照日粮(锌添加量为80 mg/kg),抗生素组在上述对照日粮中添加40 mg/kg杆菌肽锌,试验1、2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加0.11%、0.23%、0.34%、0.46%载锌沸石(锌含量分别为20、40、60、80 mg/kg)。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加0.23%、0.34%、0.46%载锌沸石可显著降低软破蛋率(P0.05)。在试验第4周,添加不同剂量载锌沸石均提高了血清中促卵泡素水平(P0.05),在试验第8周时0.46%载锌沸石组可提高血清雌二醇(E2)水平(P0.05),0.34%载锌沸石组在试验第4周和8周时血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),而0.23%、0.46%载锌沸石组分别在试验第4周和8周时血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P0.05),0.46%载锌沸石组蛋鸡肝脏T-SOD活性、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),0.23%、0.34%、0.46%载锌沸石组肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著提高(P0.05);与抗生素组相比,0.46%载锌沸石组显著提高了血清中E2水平和试验第8周血清中促黄体素水平(P0.05),日粮中添加不同剂量载锌沸石在试验第4周时均显著提高了血清中GSH-Px活性和还原型谷胱甘肽含量(P0.05),0.23%载锌沸石组肝脏CAT活性、GSH-Px活性显著提高(P0.05)。试验结果提示,载锌沸石能作为一种可添加的锌源应用于蛋鸡饲料中,并可替代杆菌肽锌,且以添加0.34%、0.46%载锌沸石为宜。     

烹制方式对淘汰蛋鸡鸡汤品质的影响

以淘汰蛋鸡为原料,以鸡汤中营养成分和风味特征为指标,研究烹制条件对鸡汤品质的影响。结果表明：适当提高料水比,增加烹制压力和温度有利于改善鸡汤品质。鸡肉、水质量比1∶1,罐装后在121 ℃灭菌20 min条件下制得的鸡汤样品中固形物、游离氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸、必需脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,呈鲜味的谷氨酸和呈甜味的甘氨酸含量最高,鸡汤的特征挥发性成分烯醛和二烯醛含量较高,风味较好,感官品质最佳。     

The Influence of Feeding Yellow-, Green- and Brown-Seeded Peas on Production Performance of Laying Hens

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the feeding value of yellow-, green- and brown-seeded peas as protein and energy supplements in laying hen diets. In experiment 1, all three types of peas were included in laying hen diets at 0, 200, 400 and 600 g kg^-1 replacing wheat and soya bean meal. Layers fed diets containing peas at 200 g kg^-1 produced more (P⩽0·05) eggs, had higher (P⩽0·05) egg mass output and better (P⩽0·01) feed conversion than those fed the wheat soya bean meal control diet. With 400 g peas kg^-1 in diets, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion were similar (P⩾0·05) to the control diet. Total replacement of soya bean meal with peas (600 g peas kg^-1 in diets) reduced (P⩽0·01) egg production, egg mass and feed conversion. A progressive (P⩽0·01) improvement in yolk colour as the level of peas in the diet increased was observed. Shell quality decreased (P⩽0·05) with increasing levels of yellow or brown peas in the diets, however, it seemed not to be affected by green peas. Daily feed intake, egg weight and mortality rates were not affected by dietary treatments. The influence of feeding diets containing yellow or brown peas supplemented with varied levels of methionine on production performance of laying hens was investigated in experiment 2. The dietary treatments consisted of a 400 g kg^-1 yellow or brown pea diet supplemented with three levels of methionine to 100, 115 and 130% of the NRC requirements. Methionine supplementation to either 15 or 30% above NRC requirement for laying hens had no significant (P⩾0·05) effect on all production parameters. It can be concluded that the inclusion of yellow, green or brown peas into laying hen diets up to 400 g kg^-1 does not affect production performance. The NRC recommendation of methionine requirement for laying hens is adequate to support maximum egg production for diets containing moderate quantities of peas. © 1997 SCI.     

High Lysine Extruded Products of Quality Protein Maize

Extrusion-cooking is used by several food industries to produce expanded snack foods, ready-to-eat cereals and pet foods from corn meal. A snack food utilising normal maize and quality protein maize (QPM) as its main ingredient was developed and characterised. The extrusion process was performed in a Mapimpianti single cooker extruder. Processing conditions were single screw with a screw speed of 150 rpm, and a die with 20 die-nozzle orifices with openings of 2 mm of diameter. The die head zone was heated at 110°C by electrical resistance. Compressed air was circulated around the barrel to maintain precise control of the temperature. Moisture content of samples were 150 and 200 g kg⁻¹. The extruded products showed low density and high expansion degree. Optimum expansion index was obtained with flours processed at 150 g kg⁻¹ of moisture content in both maize samples with better characteristics for QPM extrudates. The white colour values were highest for QPM compared to H-128 extruded products.     

Wet Milling Comparison of Quality Protein Maize and Normal Maize

Quality protein maize (QPM) experimental hybrids and normal maize possessing different physical and chemical properties were studied as the raw material for wet milling. Maize samples were steeped for 36 h in a 600-ml solution containing 15 g kg⁻¹ lactic acid and 0·5 g kg⁻¹ SO₂ followed by 12 h in a second 600-ml solution containing 5 g kg⁻¹ lactic acid and 1 g kg⁻¹ SO₂. The steeped grain was then wet milled and the yields and purity of fractions were analysed. Water-soluble solids, kernel size, quality protein, total dietary fibre and ash content were higher in QPM samples than in normal maize. Water-soluble solids were positively correlated to kernel size ( r =0·97, P< 0·05), test weight ( r =0·83, P< 0·05) and density ( r =0·57, P< 0·05). Total fraction recovery for the five hybrids tested ranged from 921 to 955 g kg⁻¹, with the highest values corresponding to QPM hybrids. QPM hybrids yielded slightly higher starch content than normal maize. Gluten yields of QPM-HO (high oil) presented the highest values. The lysine contents of kernel, gluten and milling solubles were highest for QPM hybrids. QPM contained more palmitic acid than the other hybrids. The H-137 normal maize and QPM yellow dent-HO contained more oleic and linolenic acids than the other samples, and the QPM white-C (corneous) contained more linoleic acid than QPM-HO and normal maize.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测蛋鸡体内抗病毒药物利巴韦林

为研究禁用抗病毒药物利巴韦林在蛋鸡体内的残留性,对11 只京红蛋鸡以30 mg/kg体质量单次口服灌喂利巴韦林药物,采集给药后不同时间的静脉血,以超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测利巴韦林,多反应监测模式和同位素内标法定量。利巴韦林线性范围为5～5 000 ng/mL,检出限为1 ng/mL。在10～1 000 ng/mL范围内样品添加回收率为86.4%～97.1%,批内、批间相对标准偏差均满足定量要求。结果表明,给药后血浆中利巴韦林质量浓度迅速升高,随着代谢消除进行,血浆中利巴韦林质量浓度逐渐下降,至24 h血浆中利巴韦林质量浓度低于方法检出限。蛋鸡口服给药利巴韦林后吸收迅速,到达峰值时间短,体内分布广,消除速度快,残留性不高。     

氟苯尼考在鸡蛋和蛋鸡组织中的残留规律及预测模型建立

氟苯尼考是一种被广泛应用于动物养殖过程中的抗生素药物,可能残留于畜产品中,被人类长期食用会对机体造成耐药性、免疫抑制等不良影响.本实验旨在探讨蛋鸡摄入不同剂量氟苯尼考后,鸡蛋及各组织中氟苯尼考及其代谢产物氟苯尼考胺的清除规律,建立残留预测数学模型.本实验选取处于产蛋高峰期的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡250只(350日龄、体质量(1....     

一种富含红曲色素微生物发酵饲料 在蛋鸡养殖中的应用

选取健康32周龄海兰褐蛋鸡288只,随机分成3组,试验组分别添加0.5%和1.0%的富含红曲色素微生物发酵饲料,考察其对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。结果表明:添加0.5%富含红曲色素的微生物发酵饲料试验组与对照组相比,产蛋率提高了5.82%,破蛋率和料蛋比分别降低了12.36%和3.57%;而在蛋品质上,与对照组相比,平均蛋重和平均蛋黄质量分别提高了3.57%和1.38%,蛋黄中的胆固醇含量降低了5.17%;同时能显著加深蛋黄的红色度和黄色度。