MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃晶化行为和力学性能

采用二次预合成法制备了PMN-PT-BT弛豫铁电陶瓷材料,研究了添加MgO和SrTi O3对于PMN-PT-BT铁电陶瓷介电性能的影响。结果表明,上述两种掺杂物质均使PMN-PT-BT瓷体的居里峰宽化,向低温方向移动,介电温度特性比较好。添加10wt%的MgO和3wt%的SrTi O3,在1100℃的温度下烧结,可以获得性能为εγ=5650(20℃),ΔC/C(-30~ 80℃)≤±15%,tgδ=9×10-4,Eb=6.2 kV/mm的陶瓷电容器材料。     

0.6Mg4Nb2O9-0.4SrTiO3复相陶瓷中温烧结和微波介电性能

采用传统固相反应法制备了0.6Mg4Nb2O9-0.4SrTiO3复合陶瓷.研究了LiF掺杂对其烧结特性、显微组织和微波介电性能的影响.实验结果表明:通过添加一定量的LiF,可将Mg4Nb2O9/SrTiO3陶瓷的致密化烧结温度降至1100 ℃;其中掺杂1.5wt% LiF、 1100 ℃下烧结5 h的0.6Mg4Nb2O9-0.4SrTiO3陶瓷微波介电性能为:ε=20.6,Q·f=4057 GHz; 样品的微波介电性能与杂相Sr(Ti1-xNbx)O3+δ和残留液相有关.     

(Mg1-xCox)TiO3基微波陶瓷介电性能研究

以MgO,Co2O3和TiO2为原料,用固相反应法制备了(Mg1-xCox)TiO3(MCT)系陶瓷.研究了CoTiO3含量对其微观结构和微波介电性能的影响.结果表明:添加适量的CoTiO3,可以适当降低烧结温度,调整烧结温度范围.当掺入量为10 mol%,烧结温度为1350 ℃时,MCT陶瓷具有优良微波介电性能:εr=18.99;Q×f=154000 GHz,τf=-45 ppm/℃.     

ZnO-B2O3-Na2O玻璃对Ca[（Li1／3Nb2/3）0．8Sn0．2]O3-δ陶瓷微波介电性能的影响

研究了ZnO-B2O3-Na2O(ZBN)玻璃对陶瓷的烧结性能及微波介电特性的影响.研究表明ZBN的掺入能有效降低Ca[(Li1/3NB2/3)0.8SN0.2]O3-8(CLNS)陶瓷体系的烧结温度100-150℃,谐振频率温度系数随ZBN掺入量增加及烧结温度的提高,由负值向正值方向增大.在1050℃,掺入质量分数3wt%的ZBN,陶瓷微波介电性能最佳:er=25.8,Qr=11330 GHz,Tr=-12.5 ppm/℃.     

H3BO3对Li2Zn3Ti4O12微波介质陶瓷低温烧结与微波介电性能的影响

采用传统固相反应法制备了添加H3BO3助烧剂的Li2Zn3Ti4O12 (LZT)陶瓷,分别通过XRD、SEM、排水法及网络分析仪等方法研究了不同H3BO3添加量对所得陶瓷的物相、微观形貌、烧结特性与微波介电性能的影响.结果表明在LZT陶瓷中添加3wt% H3BO3可有效降低烧结温度,在900 ℃/2 h烧结条件下可以获得高致密性及优异的微波介电性:ρ=4.15 g/cm3,εr=17.916,Q×f=61200 GHz,Tf=-52.87×10-6/℃.     

Bi_2O_3-B_2O_3掺杂对BaAl_2Si_2O_8陶瓷结构及微波介电性能的影响

采用固相反应法制备BaAl_2Si_2O_8-x wt%Bi_2O_3-B_2O_3(x=0,1,2,3,4)陶瓷。探究了添加不同量的Bi_2O_3-B_2O_3(BiB)烧结助剂对BaAl_2Si_2O_8(BAS)陶瓷的烧结温度、结构及微波介电性能的影响。结果表明:添加1 wt%的BiB烧结助剂可促进BAS晶体结构由六方相全部转变为单斜相,并且BiB烧结助剂添加量在1～4 wt%范围内,均为单一单斜相。添加3 wt%的Bi B烧结助剂可使BAS陶瓷烧结密度增加到最大值,并能将烧结温度由1400℃降低至1250℃。在x=3,烧结温度为1250℃时,BAS陶瓷的介电常数和品质因数均达到最大值,并且谐振频率温度系数的绝对值也显著减小,其介电性能为:ε_r=6.2,Q·f=21 972 GHz,τ_f=-17.06×10~(-6)℃~(-1)。     

ZnO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃对Ca[(Li1/3Nb2/3)0.95Zr0.15]O3+δ陶瓷微波介电性能的影响

研究了ZnO-B2O3-SiO2(ZBS)玻璃对陶瓷的烧结性能及微波介电特性的影响.研究表明ZBS的掺入能有效降低Ca[(Li1/3Nb2/3)0.95Zr0.15]O3+δ陶瓷体系的烧结温度150-200℃,谐振频率温度系数随ZBs掺入量增加及烧结温度的提高,由负值向正值方向移动.在1000℃,掺入质量分数7wt%的ZBN,陶瓷微波介电性能最佳:εr=31.1,Qf=9530GHz,τf=8.9ppm/℃.在960℃烧结4小时,可获得介电性能为:εг=28.6,Qf=6410GHz,τf=-9.8ppm/℃陶瓷样品.     

B2O3掺杂对α-CaSiO3/Al2O3陶瓷低温烧结及微波介电性能的影响

通过传统固相法制备了α-CaSiO3/Al2O3-B2O3微波介质陶瓷,研究了不同B2 O3添加量对α-CaSiO3/Al2O3陶瓷烧结特性、相组成及微波介电性能的影响,通过XRD、SEM和网络分析仪对其相结构、微观形貌和微波介电性能进行了表征.结果表明:B2 O3的添加使陶瓷的烧结温度从1375℃降低到了1100℃,并使主晶相由α-CaSiO3相变为β-CaSiO3相;当B2 O3的添加量为3wt%时,在1100℃烧结2 h可获得最佳微波介电性能:εr=6.21,Q×f=30471 GHz,τf=-34.58 ppm/℃.     

MgSn0.05Ti0.95O3-SrTiO3复相陶瓷的显微结构与微波介电性能

采用传统固相法制备了不同摩尔配比的(1-x)MgSn0.05Ti0.95O3-xSrTiO3微波介质复相陶瓷材料,研究了复相陶瓷的烧结特性、显微结构和微波介电性能.结果表明:MgSn0.05Ti0.95O3和SrTiO3两相共存,无固溶现象.随着SrTiO3含量的增多,(1-x) MgSn0.05Ti0.95O3-xSrTiO3的相对介电常数(εr)线性增大,品质因数(Q×f)下降,谐振频率温度系数(τf)从负值变为正值.通过调节x值,可以获得近零的τf值.陶瓷的τf变化符合Lichtenecker混合法则.0.98MgSn0.05Ti0.95O3-0.02SrTiO3复相陶瓷在1330℃烧结4h,获得最佳的微波介电性能:εr=19.32,Q×f=193.527 THz,τf=-2×10-6/℃.     

Y2O3掺杂对(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3无铅压电陶瓷性能的影响研究

采用传统固相反应法制备了Y2O3掺杂(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3(简写为BNBT6)陶瓷[简称为BNBT6-x(wt%)Y2O3陶瓷].研究了Y2O3 (0.2wt%～0.8wt%)掺杂对BNBT6陶瓷的结构、介电、压电、铁电性能的影响.结果表明,所有Y2O3掺杂陶瓷样品均形成了单一的钙钛矿结构;陶瓷的介电、压电、铁电性能受Y2O3掺杂的影响较为显著:当掺杂0.4wt%Y2O3时,10 kHz频率下测得的室温εr达到1530,且tanδ较小,为0.050,d33达到152 pC/N,kp=0.27,Qm=134.掺杂0.2wt%的Y2O3时BNBT6陶瓷的d33为145 pC/N,kp增大到0.29,Qm达到173,tanδ为0.053;掺杂适量Y2O3的BNBT6陶瓷铁电性能也得到改善.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。