Fatigue crack growth resistance of SiC<Subscript>p</Subscript> reinforced Al alloys: Effects of particle size,particle volume fraction,and matrix strength

The main aim of this work was to study the effects of particle size, particle volume fraction, and matrix strength on the long fatigue crack growth resistance of two different grades of Al alloys (Al2124-T1 and Al6061-T1) reinforced with SiC particles. Basically, it was found that an increase in particle volume fraction and particle size increases the fatigue crack growth resistance at near threshold and Paris regimen, with matrix strength having a smaller effect. Near final failure, the stronger and more brittle composites are affected more by static modes of failure as the applied maximum stress intensity factor (K _max) approaches mode I plane strain fracture toughness (K _IC).     

改善颗粒增强金属基复合材料塑性和韧性的途径与机制

评述了影响颗粒增强金属基复合材料塑性和韧性的各种因素,在此基础上深入研究了颗粒形状对ＳｉＣｐ／ＬＤ２复合材料塑性和断裂韧性的影响规律。采用有限单元法分析不同形状的ＳｉＣ颗粒增强的ＬＤ２复合材料的微区力学环境和整体力学行为,结果表明颗粒的尖锐化导致基体内应变集中和颗粒尖端断裂的可能性加剧,因而降低材料的塑性;而在外加载荷的作用下,由于复合材料基体整体均处于较高的加工硬化状态,因此颗粒形状对材料断裂韧     

室温微成形尺寸效应对材料强韧性影响的研究现状

重点梳理了近年来微成形尺寸效应理论的研究进展,归纳总结了现有文献中关于微成形中变形行为的各种尺寸效应与材料屈服强度、塑性、抗拉强度、断裂韧性的关系,包括:晶粒尺寸、厚度尺寸以及两者之间的比值对屈服强度有重要影响;伸长率随厚度的增加而增加;抗拉强度与厚度尺寸和晶粒尺寸之间存在复杂关系;材料的断裂韧性与各种尺寸有密不可分的关系。并分析了这些研究结论存在差异的原因,同时,指出现有微成形尺寸效应机理目前存在有争议和亟待解决的关键问题。     

Production and mechanical properties (strength, wear, and fracture toughness) of chilled aluminum-quartz castable particulate composite

Structural composite materials offer an excellent opportunity to produce components that achieve weight savings and improved mechanical properties. This paper describes a chilled Al-quartz particulate composite that can be cast using metallic and nonmetallic chill blocks, much like nonreinforced aluminum, using conventional aluminum casting equipments. Unlike other metal matrix composites (MMCs), this material is produced economically by a simple ingot metallurgical process. An overview of the production process is given along with the techniques used for fabricating the chilled composite. The material’s mechanical properties, particularly its strength, wear resistance, fracture toughness, and hardness, are discussed in some detail. These properties offer attractive design opportunities for a variety of automotive, aerospace, and structural applications. The composite developed is shown to provide significant weight savings over ferrous metals. The present investigation aims at producing cast aluminum alloy-quartz particulate composites in molds, containing metallic and non metallic chill blocks, by dispersing quartz particles in molten aluminum alloy, above the liquidus temperature, the size of the particles dispersed being between 60 and 100 μm. The dispersoid being added ranges from 3 to 9 wt.% in steps of 3%. The resulting composites cast using chill blocks were tested for thier mechanical properties.     

Effects of silver powder particle size on the microstructure and properties of Ag-Yb<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> electrical contact materials prepared by spark plasma sintering

Ag-Yb₂O₃ electrical contact materials were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The effects of silver powder particle size on the microstructure and properties of the samples were investigated. The surface morphologies of the sintered samples were examined by optical microscope (OM), and the fracture morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physical and mechanical properties such as density, electrical resistivity, microhardness, and tensile strength were also tested. The results show that the silver powder particle size has evident effects on the sintered materials. Comparing with coarse silver powder (5 μm), homogeneous and fine microstructure was obtained by fine silver powder (≤0.5 μm). At the same time, the electrical conductivity, microhardness, and tensile strength of the sintered samples with fine silver powder were higher than those of the samples with coarse silver powder. However, silver powder particle size has little influence on the relative densities, which of all samples (both by fine and coarse silver powders) is more than 95%. The fracture characteristics are ductile.     

Tensile properties and fracture behavior of Ti2AlNb based alloys at room temperature

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多级强化固溶处理对7050铝合金厚板强度和断裂韧性的影响

采用光学金相、示差扫描量热分析、扫描电镜、室温拉伸及断裂韧性实验,研究多级固溶处理对7050铝合金强度和断裂韧性的影响。结果表明:7050铝合金厚板经多级强化固溶后,随最后一级温度的增加,可溶性粗大第二相减少,其强度和断裂韧性增加,当最后一级温度为493℃时,合金的断裂韧性和强度达到峰值,其断裂韧性(KIC)、屈服强度(σ0.2)和抗拉强度(σb)分别为37.4 MPa.m1/2、500.6 MPa和534.0 MPa;当最后一级温度超过493℃时,由于再结晶分数急剧增加、晶粒快速长大,断裂韧性和强度又逐渐降低;当多级固溶最后一级的温度和时间与单级固溶一致时,经多级强化固溶后的7050铝合金具有比单级固溶时更高的断裂韧性和强度。     

Effects of particle size on residual stresses of metal matrix composites

A finite element analysis was carried out on the development of residual stresses during the cooling process from the fabrication temperature in the SiCp reinforced AI matrix composites. In the simulation, the two-dimensional and random distribution multi-particle unit cell model and plane strain conditions were used. By incorporating the Taylor-based nonlocal plasticity theory, the effect of particle size on the nature, magnitude and distribution of residual stresses of the composites was studied. The magnitude thermal-stress-induced plastic deformation during cooling was also calculated. The results show similarities in the patterns of thermal residual stress and strain distributions for all ranges of particle size. However, they show differences in magnitude of thermal residual stress as a result of strain gradient effect. The average thermal residual stress increases with decreasing particle size, and the residual plastic strain decreases with decreasing particle size.     

Tensile and fracture properties of Ti-62A alloy plate with different microstructures

Ti-62A alloy plates with three different types of microstructure,fully equiaxed,bimodal,and Widmanst(a)tten,were obtained by various heat treatments to investigate the effects of microstructure on the tensile and fracture properties at room temperature.The results reveal that Widmanst(a)tten microstructure exhibits good damage tolerance behavior considering strength,fracture toughness,and fatigue crack growth behavior,while the bimodal microstructure shows good comprehensive properties considering the plasticity synthetically.Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microstructure analyses on fracture and fatigue crack path demonstrate that the dependence of mechanical properties and fatigue crack growth behavior on microstructural feature are attributed to the α lamellae width and the α colony size.     

热处理对SiCp/Al复合材料强度和塑性的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了d300 mm的15%SiCp/Al(体积分数)复合材料坯锭,研究了挤压态和T4态复合材料的力学性能和断裂特点,揭示了基体强度和颗粒开裂对复合材料强度与塑性的影响规律。结果表明:复合材料T4态拉伸强度保持在560 MPa的水平下,延伸率仍高达7%以上;与挤压态相比,T4态复合材料拉伸强度和屈服强度分别提高了68.5%和105%,但塑性保持在同一水平。断口观察表明:挤压态复合材料以基体断裂为主,而T4态复合材料除了基体断裂外,还存在SiC颗粒开裂现象;基体强度严重影响复合材料的断裂形式,颗粒开裂有利于提高复合材料的塑性。     

Effect of graphite particle size on wear property of graphite and Al_2O_3 reinforced AZ91D-0.8%Ce composites

The graphite particles and Al_2O_3 short fibers reinforced AZ91D-0.8%Ce composites were fabricated by squeeze-infiltration technique.The researches about the effects of different graphite particle sizes on the microstructure and wear property of the composites were performed under the condition of constant contents of graphite particles and Al_2O_3 short fibers.The results reveal that the grain size of the composites changes less when the graphite particle size descends.Moreover,Ce enriches around the gr...     

Effect of particle size on the microstructure and thermal conductivity of Al/diamond composites prepared by spark plasma sintering

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was used to fabricate Al/diamond composites. The influence of diamond particle size on the microstructure and thermal conductivity (TC) of composites was investigated by combining experimental results with model prediction. The results show that both composites with 40 μm particles and 70 μm particles exhibit high density and good TC, and the composite with 70 μm particles indicates an excellent TC of 325 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹. Their TCs lay between the theoretical estimated bounds. In contrast, the composite with 100 μm particles demonstrates low density as well as poor TC due to its high porosity and weak interfacial bonding. Its TC is even considerably less than the lower bound of the predicted value. Using larger diamond particles can further enhance thermal conductive performance only based on the premise that highly dense composites of strong interfacial bonding can be obtained.     

Preparation,characterization and electrochemical properties of mesoporous LiFe<Subscript>0.99</Subscript>Mo<Subscript>0.01</Subscript>PO<Subscript>4</Subscript>/C

A mesoporous LiFe_0.99Mo_0.01PO₄/C composite was synthesized by the sol-gel method using (NH₄)₂MoO₄ as a doping starting material. The formation of conductive carbon, metal doping and mesopores was achieved simultaneously in the prepared material. The characterizations of crystal structures and microstructures were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), extended X-ray-absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) and X-ray-absorption near-structure spectroscopy (XANES), while the surface area was determined using N₂ adsorption techniques. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge-discharge cycling performance were used to characterize its electrochemical properties. The sample possessed uniformly distributed mesopores with an average pore size of 4 nm, and the specific surface area was about 69.368 m²/g. The results show that the reversible capacity of mesoporous LiFe_0.99Mo_0.01PO₄/C is about 160 mAh/g at 0.1C, 135 mAh/g at 1C and 90 mAh/g at 5C, respectively. The capacity fading is neglectable.     

X80管线钢组织和有效晶粒对慢拉伸行为的影响

对系列X80管线钢研究表明,该材料组织特征为含有粒状贝氏体的针状铁素体;粒状贝氏体越细小弥散,其强韧性匹配越好。粒状贝氏体中,M-A岛的作用为阻碍裂纹的扩展;晶粒边界和M-A岛边界易萌生裂纹源。管线钢的有效晶粒决定了材料的塑韧性。具体表现为,当有效晶粒减小时,材料韧脆转变温度降低,断面收缩率提高。随着慢拉伸速率的提高,材料的断裂方式将发生改变。当拉伸速率为0.1 mm/s时,管线钢的延性最佳,而对强度的影响不大。这说明在管线钢富气服役状态下,富气压力有一个最佳值。拉伸速率升高后,断裂逐渐向脆性方式转变。     

Tensile and wear properties of rolled Al5Mg-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> or C particulate composites

Al5Mg alloy matrix composites reinforced with different percentages of Al₂O₃ (60 μm) or C (90 μm) particulates were prepared by the vortex method. The composites were then subjected to hot or cold rolling with different reduction ratios. The microstructures of the rolled composites revealed that the matrix grains moved around the particulate causing deformation. By continuing deformation, the particulates rearranged themselves in the matrix, leading to lensoid distortion. It was found that the addition of Al₂O₃ or C particulates increased the 0.2% proof stress and reduced both the tensile strength and ductility, compared with the monolithic alloy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractographic examinations showed that the composites reinforced with Al₂O₃ particulates failed through particulate fracture and matrix ligament rupture. However, the failure of the composites reinforced with C particulates was through particulate decohesion, followed by ductile failure of the matrix. Abrasive wear results showed that the wear rate of the Al5Mg alloy decreased with the addition of C particulates. However, increasing the volume fraction of C particulates did not have a prominent effect on the wear rate. The composites reinforced with Al₂O₃ particulates exhibited a higher wear rate than that of the unreinforced alloy. Furthermore, addition of both C and Al₂O₃ particulates into the Al5Mg matrix alloy did not significantly improve the wear resistance. For all composites studied in this work, hot or cold rolling had a marginal effect on the wear results.     

Compressive strength, hardness and fracture toughness of Al2O3 whiskers reinforced ZTA and ATZ nanocomposites: Weibull analysis

The aim of this investigation was to study the variability in compressive strength, fracture toughness and microhardness applying the well-known Weibull statistics and to be able to provide a wide spectrum of mechanical properties in Al₂O₃ whisker reinforced alumina toughened zirconia (ATZ) and zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) nanocomposites for possible dental applications. Uniaxial compression tests at room temperature of samples 6.35 ± 0.03 mm in diameter and 12.50 ± 0.63 mm in length and Vickers hardness measurements on polished surfaces were carried out. The indentation fracture toughness (K_IC) was derived from the average crack length. Weibull analysis was performed on the data. The ATZ2 (18.0 wt.% Al₂O₃ + 2.0 wt.%_(w) + 80.0 wt.% ZrO₂ (TZ-3Y)) nanocomposite reported the highest average compressive load of 1200 MPa, the highest value of characteristic strength, σ_o, of 1340 MPa with Weibull modulus of 3.25 and relatively high fracture toughness (4.7 ± 0.7 MPa m^1/2), suggesting that with the wide range of mechanical properties obtained in our work, different dental applications could be offered without lead to premature failure.     

Tensile properties of some copper- and zinc-based alloys: Effects of strain rate and test temperature

This study analyzes the effects of test temperature and strain rate on the tensile properties of some copper-and zinc-based alloys. The copper-based alloys comprised a leaded-tin and an aluminum bronze, whereas the zinc-based alloys were added with various quantities of aluminum. The aluminum bronze attained maximum room-temperature tensile strength, whereas that of the leaded-tin bronze was the least. Among the zinc-based alloys, the one comprising 27.5 mass% aluminum exhibited superior tensile strength, followed by those alloyed with 11.5, 37.5, and 47.5 mass% aluminum in a descending order. Increasing strain rate tended to improve the tensile strength of the alloys. Tensile strength was reduced with an increase in test temperature irrespective of the alloy composition. The aluminum bronze possessed maximum strength regardless of temperature. The leaded-tin bronze attained least strength property at low temperatures, whereas higher test temperatures led to superior strength than the zinc-based alloys. The temperature sensitivity of the strength of the zinc-based alloys decreased with their aluminum content. Tensile elongation of the alloys tended to increase with an increase in strain rate and test temperature. Leaded-tin bronze was least affected in either case. The alloy also attained least elongation irrespective of test conditions. The aluminum bronze showed maximum elongation, at least at high strain rates. In the case of the zinc-based alloys, intermediate range of aluminum concentration led to better elongation. The elongation property of the alloys was affected by temperature in different manners. In a few cases, the elongation initially increased followed by a reduction beyond a specific test temperature, whereas, in other cases, a continuous increase with temperature was noted. The observations made have been discussed in terms of the nature of different microconstituents of the alloys whose effectiveness changes with test conditions. The response of the samples has been further substantiated with their fractographic features and subsurface characteristics.     

焊丝成分对SiCp/6061 Al复合材料MIG焊焊缝组织及性能的影响

采用Al-Mg及Al-Si两种焊丝分别对SiCp/6061Al复合材料进行了MIG焊及脉冲MIG焊,利用光学显微镜、电子显微镜及MTS-810试验机对焊缝的组织及性能进行了分析.结果表明,采用Al-Mg焊丝焊接时,无论是MIG焊还是脉冲MIG焊,熔池中Al-SiC间的界面反应程度均较大,生成了较多的针状Al4C3,且Al4C3的尺寸较大.采用Al-Si焊丝时,MIG焊熔池中的界面反应程度显著降低,仅生成了少量尺寸较小的针状Al4C3;而采用Al-Si焊丝的脉冲MIG焊焊缝中没有发现针状Al4C3.同时,利用Al-Si焊丝可有效地防止焊缝熄弧处的宏观结晶裂纹.力学性能试验表明,采用同样焊丝时,脉冲MIG焊接头的强度及伸长率比MIG焊接头的高,而用Al-Si焊丝焊接的接头强度比用Al-Mg焊丝焊接的接头强度高.     

Mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of aluminum matrix composites reinforced by Al_9(Co,Ni)_2 intermetallics

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Al matrix composites reinforced by different volume fractions of Al-Ni-Co intermetallic particles were investigated. Three different volume fractions of Al-Ni-Co particles were added to pure Al matrix using a stir-casting method. Microstructural analysis shows that with the increasing of the reinforcement volume fraction, the matrix grain size decreases and the porosity increases. The mechanical properties of the composites are improved over the matrix materials, except for the decreasing of the ductility. Fracture surface examination indicates that there is a good interfacial bonding between the Al matrix and the Al-Ni-Co particles and the fracture initiation does not occur at the particle-matrix interface.