其它激光理论与技术

9907284丙酮和丙醛分子的多光子电离碎片机理[刊]/郭文跃//量子电子学报.—1998,15(5).—447～453(A)用多光子电离-飞行时间质谱法在激光波长为532nm 处获得了丙醛和丙酮分子的 MPIF-TOF 质谱,实验测得了各碎片离子占总离子信号的百分比对激光强度的依赖关系,并用这些实验结果对丙酮和丙醛分子的 MPIF 机理作了分析。还对 H~+、C~+和 CH~+等小质量碎片离子的可能形成过程作了讨论。参15     

丙酮和丙醛分子的我光子电离碎片化机理

用多光子电离－飞行时间质谱法在激光波长为５３２ｎｍ处获得了丙醛和丙酮分子的ＭＰＩＦ－ＴＯＦ质谱，实验测得了各碎片离子占总离子信号的百分比对激光强度的依赖关系，并用这些实验结果对丙酮和丙醛分子的ＭＰＩＦ机理作了分析。这对Ｈ、Ｃ和ＣＨ＾＋等小质量碎片离子的可能形成过程作了讨论。     

266nm的激光作用下溴苯分子的多光子电离碎片化机理

在266nm激光作用下,利用多光子电离-飞行时间质谱法获得了溴苯分子的MBPIF-TOF质谱。实验测得了各碎片离子占总离子信号的百分比对激光强度的依赖关系,并用这些实验结果对溴苯分子的多光子电离解离机理做了分析,还对C6H5 ,C5H3 ,C4H2 ,C3H 等碎片离子的可能形成过程作了讨论,结果证明母体分子吸收光离解离是主要通道,且碎片离子主要是经过离子离解阶梯模式产生的。     

碘乙烷分子共振增强多光子电离飞行时间的质谱研究

在４７３～４８３ｎｍ波长范围内对碘乙烷分子共振增强多光子电离（ＲＥＭＰＩ）飞行时间（ＴＯＦ）质谱（ＭＳ）作了研究。分析结果表明在该波段碘乙烷（Ｃ２Ｈ５Ｉ）分子吸收双光子激光能量跃迁激发至Ａ带的３Ｅ,２Ａ１及１Ａ２态,激发态分子碎裂成中性碎片,中性碎片再吸收光子电离,产生了Ｃ２Ｈ＋５和Ｉ＋离子。Ｃ２Ｈ＋５离子进一步吸收光子并碎裂形成了碘乙烷分子ＲＥＭＰＩ－ＭＳ中其他的碎片离子。     

266nm激光作用下1,3-二溴苯的多光子电离和解离研究

在波长为266 nm的激光作用下对1,3-二溴苯分子的多光子电离解离过程进行了研究,获得了溴苯分子的MPIF-TOF质谱,并测得了各碎片离子占总离子信号的百分比对激光强度的依赖关系.用这些实验结果分析1,2-二溴苯分子的多光子电离解离机理,得出1,3-二溴苯的MPI过程主要是母体分子解离-中性碎片电离C6H 4,C5H 3,C4H 2,C3H 等碎片离子主要是经过离子离解阶梯模式产生的,并给出了可能的解离通道.     

260～285nm波段苯胺的共振增强多光子电离研究

在自行研制的具有恒温加热进样系统的激光质谱仪上获得了260～285nm波段气相苯胺分子的共振增强多光子电离／飞行时间质谱（REMPI-TOFMS）。结合在266nm激发波长下得到的C6H7N^＋、C5H6＋、C4H3^＋、C3H3^＋、C2H4^＋及H2CN^＋离子的光强指数及不同激光能量下备离子信号强度的分支比,对分子离子及主要碎片离子的生成机理进行了探讨：在此波段范围内,苯胺分子首先吸收一个光子跃迁至。B2第一激发态,处于激发态的苯胺分子再吸收一个光子电离生成分子离子C6H7N＋,分子离子进一步吸收光子解离为C5H6^＋、H2CN^＋、C6H^＋,碎片离子C6H5^＋继续吸收光子解离产生C4H3^＋、C3H3^＋、C2H4^＋,并给出了可能的解离通道。     

在532nm激光作用下n—C4H9I的多光子离解过程质谱研究

报道了碘代正丁烷分子在５３２ｎｍ激光作用下的多光子电离（ＭＰＩ）质谱（ＭＳ）研究结果。（１）碎片离子主要由离子离解阶梯模式产生；波长不仅影响碘代正丁烷分子碎片离子产生模式，同时还影响其碎片离子的碎裂程度。（２）激光强度一般只影响分子离子及碎片离子的碎裂程度。     

对氯苯酚的共振增强多光子电离研究

在自行研制的具有恒温加热进样系统的激光质谱仪上实验研究了气相对氯苯酚分子的共振增强多光子电离飞行时间质谱(REMPI-TOFMS),获得了在275～285 nm激发波段的母体离子和主要碎片离子(C6H5O ,C5H5Cl C6H5 ,C5H 5,C4H 3,C3H 3)的(I I)REMPI激发光谱.通过质谱光谱分析,结合分子在中间激发态的能级和结构特征,对主要碎片离子的形成机理进行了研究.结果显示:各个碎片离子与对氯苯酚的母体离子具有相似的光激发谱,并且各个谱峰与S,1态的振动能级是一一对应的.说明各个碎片离子和母体离子的产生经历了相同的共振中间态.分子先吸收一个光子到达中间共振态,然后再吸收一个光子到达电离态电离.根据碎片离子光强指数的阶梯形分布和分子在S,1态的结构特点.判断各个碎片离子经历了母体离子的阶梯式离解,并给出了主要碎片离子的离解通道.     

NoCl分子束紫外激光多光子离解和电离动力学研究

本文报道NOCl分子束在强XeCl准分子激光作用下多光子离解和电离的实验研究。在我们的实验条件下,只观测到离解碎片NO(m/e=30)的离子峰。动力学过程的分析表明,电离过程属于中性碎片电离类型。其主要通道是,NOCl分子同时吸收两个光子,立即离解为电子激发的中性碎片NO(A~2∑~+),然后NO(A)继续吸收又一个光子而电离为离子NO~+。     

激光质谱法对氯代乙烯的痕量快速检测研究

获得了在超声分子束条件下，305.0～325.0nm波长范围内三氯乙烯及四氯乙烯的（2＋1）共振增强多光子电离／飞行时间质谱（REMPI-TOFMS）。在此波段，三氯乙烯分子通过双光子跃迁至3d里德堡态再吸收一个光子电离而后解离成CCl^-等碎片离子，四氯乙烯分子则经历了π到3p德堡态的（2＋1）多光子过程。实验分别获得两种氯代乙烯分子电离解离后产生的碎片离子CCl^-的分质量光谱及光强指数。研究表明，该波长范围内三氯乙烯的最佳检测波长为310．8nm，四氯乙烯的最佳检测波长为322.5nm。根据CCl^-信号强度与样品浓度的线性关系，实现了这两种环境污染物的低浓度探测，探测限可达到μg／L量级。     

355nm激光作用下Si(CH3)4分子的MPI质谱研究

在 35 5nm的激光作用下 ,利用扩散分子束技术和四极质谱装置相结合研究了气相Si(CH3 ) 4分子多光子电离 (MPI)质谱分布。测量了Si(CH3 ) + 4,Si(CH3 ) + 3 ,Si(CH3 ) + 2 ,Si(CH3 ) + 及Si+ 离子的激光光强指数 ,检测了这 5种碎片离子的信号强度占总信号强度的分支比随光强的变化关系。据此 ,讨论了该分子MPI过程可能经历的通道 ,得到了Si+ 主要来自于母体分子的多光子解离—硅原子的电离 ,Si(CH3 ) + n(n =1,2 ,3)主要来自于中性碎片Si(CH3 ) n(n =1,2 ,3)的自电离 ,Si(CH3 ) + 4来自于母体分子的 (3+1)电离的结论     

355nm激光作用下二甲胺的多光子电离质谱研究

利用多光子电离技术结合飞行时间质谱仪,在355nm激光作用下对二甲胺分子进行了研究,我们认为其主要经历了2＋1的REMPI过程,二甲胺母体离子α断裂产生CH3N＋H=CH2,CH3N＋H=CH2进一步解离产生C2H4N＋,用从头算方法确定了m/e=42的离子是（CH3N≡CH）＋,对m/e=28的离子的可能来源进行了推测：一是（CH3N≡CH）＋离子进一步发生重排,失去CH2游离基;二是CH2=N＋H21,2脱氢。     

丙酮-水分子相互作用的傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

采用衰减全反射-傅里叶红外光谱法研究了丙酮和水分子间的相互作用.发现随着丙酮水溶液浓度的减小,丙酮CH<,3键的对称(3538cm-1)和不对称伸缩振动(3441cm-1)吸收峰位置波数减小方向迁徙,CO伸缩振动吸收(1713cm-1)向波数减小方向移动,丙酮浓度为20%时,迁徒至1691cm-1,减小了约19cm-1;同时1647cm-1处的吸收则迁徙至1626cm-1.由此说明丙酮与水分子间形成了氢键,而且氢键的强弱与丙酮水溶液的浓度有关.当磁场作用于丙酮水溶液时红外光谱发生了明显改变,在600-4000cm-1范围内,各吸收峰强度随磁场作用时间的增长由不同程度的增加;水分子OH伸缩振动吸收(3388cm-1)向波数减小的方向迁徒.这一结果则说明磁场作用能够增强丙酮与水分子间的氢键相互作用.     

Dissociative adsorption of methyl chloride on Si(001) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy

Chemical reactions of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) on a clean Si(001) surface at approximately 300 K are studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ultra-high-vacuum conditions. The features appearing in the STM images are identified with the possible products of dissociated CH3 and Cl, and their distribution is also evaluated as well as the development of their distribution with increasing CH(3)Cl doses. The amount of Cl atoms found on the surface is approximately twice as large as that of the CH3 molecules. This leads to the conclusion that dissociative adsorption of CH3Cl on Si occurs in different processes: CH3Cl(precursor) --> CH3(ad) + Cl(ad) and CH3Cl(precursor) --> CH3(gas) + Cl(ad).     

甲醇远红外激光的一条新谱线

甲醇（ＣＨ３ＯＨ）分子是常用的ＦＩＲ激活介质,具有很特别的光谱特征。而小型光泵脉冲亚毫米波激光器是近年来才发展起来的新技术,作者已经成功地研制出管长为１０￣３０ｃｍ的ＣＨ３ＯＨＦＩＲ激光器,并获得谱线。本文利用ＣＨ３ＯＨ分子有表编制成数据库管理程序,对光泵ＣＨ３ＯＨ亚毫米波激光进行计算。代入ＣＯ２－９Ｐ（１６）线振动吸收跃迁的条件及相应的亚毫米波纯转动跃迁所受的跃迁选择条件,将泵频偏限制在±０．０     

SnO2 decorated SiO2 chemical sensors: Enhanced sensing performance toward ethanol and acetone

SnO₂ decorated SiO₂ chemical sensors with different Sn/Si ratios were synthesized by micro-emulsion followed by ultrasonic-assisted deposition-precipitation method and used for highly sensitive and selective detection of ethanol and acetone. XRD, EDS, SEM, and TEM were used to characterize the samples. The results confirm deposition of small crystalline tin oxide particles on the surface of silica particles. Using these formed materials for detection of ethanol and acetone resulted in significant enhancement of the sensitivity and reducing temperature of maximum response in comparison to the pure SnO₂. The selectivity of the sample with the highest sensitivity to ethanol and acetone, i.e. 80 wt% SnO₂/SiO₂, was examined by measuring its sensitivity to some interfering gases including carbon monoxide, methane, toluene, Trichloroethylene (TCE) and propane; the results showed very high selectivity of the sensor to ethanol and acetone, especially at low temperatures. The sensor responses to traces of acetone in the air with the concentration ranging from 0.5 to 5 ppm at different temperatures of 70, 170 and 270, and 370 °C were measured to evaluate the capability of the sensor for detection of acetone in the breath of human, which is helpful in the diabetes diagnosis. The sensor could effectively show high enough sensitivity even to these very low concentrations of acetone which reveals its high potential for being used in acetone detection devices. Finally, the effect of humidity on the sensitivity of sensor to acetone was investigated. Increasing the humidity of background air, caused the sensor response to decrease and the operating temperature of maximum response of the sensor to increase.     

Improved bat optimization algorithm and enhanced artificial bee colony-based cluster routing scheme for extending network lifetime in wireless sensor networks

In this paper, improved bat and enhanced artificial bee colony optimization algorithm-based cluster routing (IBEABCCR) scheme is proposed for optimal cluster head (CH) selection with the merits of global diversity and improved convergence rate. It is proposed for achieving optimal CH selection by balancing the tradeoff between the phases of exploration and exploitation. It specifically targeted on the formulation of an ideal CH selection scheme using improved bat optimization algorithm (IBOA) for minimizing the energy depletion rate. It also focuses on the design of an enhanced artificial bee colony (EABC)-based sink node mobility scheme for determining the optimal points of deployment over which sink nodes can be moved to achieve better delivery of packets from CH to sink node. This CH selection and sink node mobility schemes are contributed for extending the network lifespan using the fitness function, which adopted the factors of node centrality, node degree, distance amid CH and base station (BS), distance among sensor nodes, and residual energy during CH selection process. The simulation experiments were performed using MATLAB version 2018, which confirmed that the number of alive nodes realized in the network is enhanced by 39.21% with the location of BS positioned at (100, 100). The number of rounds (network lifetime) is enhanced by 23.84% with different BS locations in the network. Furthermore, the packets received at the BS are also realized to be enhanced by 26.32% on an average in contrast to the baseline CH schemes used for investigation.     

An efficient hybrid strategy for uplink channel estimation in massive MIMO systems based on spatially correlated channels

The channel estimation (CE) process is an important phase that has a considerable influence on the performance of massive multiple-input multiple-output systems, in particular, in a more realistic scenario where the channels are spatially correlated (ScD). Thereby, in this work, the uplink (UL) CE process and channel hardening (CH) feature is addressed for ScD Rayleigh fading channels using the statistical Bayesian minimum mean square error estimator. The spatial correlation (SC) of the channels is described using different models, namely, the Gaussian local scattering (GLS) model, the uniform local scattering model, and the proposed hybrid model. Each model (i.e., GLS model and the uniform local scattering model) is studied using two arrangements, that is, for a uniform linear array (ULA) and uniform planar array (UPA). Moreover, the CH feature is investigated under SC of the channels using different models. Furthermore, this study proposes an efficient hybrid strategy based on SC of the channels for UL CE; that is, this work proposes a hybrid covariance matrix (CM) for UPA arrangement by relying on the Kronecker product of the CMs generated through two ULA arrangements, where the first CM is generated through horizontal ULA using GLS model, whereas the second CM is generated through vertical ULA using uniform local scattering model (i.e., one-ring model). Numerical results regarding CE and CH are provided to assert the theoretical expressions, where the CE is evaluated using the normalized mean square error, whereas the CH is assessed using the variance of CH.     

微球状ZnO纳米粉体的制备与气敏性能研究

以Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O为原料,无表面活性剂存在时,利用水热法合成了微球状ZnO纳米粉体。采用XRD,SEM和TEM等测试手段,对其物相、结构进行了表征。结果表明:此粉体为六方晶系的ZnO,结晶良好,直径小于4μm。利用该粉体制成气敏元件,并用静态配气法测试了元件的气敏性能。研究发现:元件在180℃工作温度下,对体积分数为50×10–6的丙酮和乙醇气体的灵敏度分别达到5.9和8.6。