清除蜡样芽孢杆菌生物被膜的CIP程序优化

以生物被膜形成能力最强、酸碱耐受性高的菌株A1为对象,首先通过正交试验优化就地清洗程序条件为17.5 g/L氢氧化钠溶液85℃冲洗20 min,然后用纯水冲洗,接着用15 g/L硝酸溶液85℃冲洗20 min,最后用纯水冲洗。经过此清洗程序后,可以彻底清除不锈钢片上的蜡样芽孢杆菌。为了降低酸碱清洗剂的用量,将酸碱清洗剂与杀菌剂过氧乙酸进行联合使用,优化最佳清洗程序为15.0 g/L氢氧化钠溶液85℃冲洗10 min,然后用纯水冲洗,接着用10.0 g/L硝酸溶液85℃冲洗10 min,然后使用3 g/L过氧乙酸溶液25℃冲洗10 min,最后使用中和剂冲洗。该清洗程序在达到彻底清除蜡样芽孢杆菌的同时,能够降低酸碱清洗剂的浓度,缩短整个清洗程序的时间,为食品加工设备的清洗提供一种更高效、更环保的方法。     

新型还原清洗剂QH-2808A应用研究

针对传统还原清洗工艺中保险粉气味大,易被氧化分解,还原清洗效果不稳定,织物易变色泛黄,环境污染严重等问题,开发了新型还原清洗剂QH-2808A。探讨了新型还原清洗剂QH-2808A的用量、还原温度、还原时间、Na OH用量对还原清洗效果的影响,测试了织物的耐皂洗色牢度、耐摩擦色牢度、色差,对比了新型还原清洗剂QH-2808A和传统保险粉的还原清洗效果及剥色效果。结果表明,新型还原清洗剂QH-2808A最佳还原清洗工艺用量:新型还原清洗剂QH-2808A 2.0~4.0 g/L,Na OH 1.0~2.0 g/L,80~90℃保温15~20 min;新型还原清洗剂QH-2808A与保险粉剥色效果相当,且具有较好的还原清洗效果,还原清洗后织物色变小,处理过程中无臭味。     

超声波在细旦纤维还原清洗中的应用

采用DM-8931和烧碱进行还原清洗,研究清洗剂用量、超声波功率、清洗时间和清洗温度对耐皂洗色牢度的影响,优化超声波还原清洗的工艺条件。结果表明:清洗剂用量为2 g/L、烧碱用量为1.2 g/L、超声波功率为100 W、清洗时间为10~15 min、清洗温度为50~60℃时,耐皂洗色牢度达到最佳效果;与常规工艺进行对比,超声波还原清洗工艺时间短,温度低,效果好。     

涤纶弹力针织物皂洗色牢度的提高

从染色、还原清洗两方面对涤纶弹力针织物染色后耐洗色牢度的提高进行了分析。结果表明:染色时加入1 g/L的分散除油精练剂DM-1364能明显提高涤纶弹力织物的防沾色性能;采用还原清洗剂DM-1557进行还原清洗,其较传统的纯碱保险粉还原清洗法有明显优势,还原清洗后的织物耐洗色牢度显著提高;DM-1557最佳还原清洗工艺条件为:DM-1557用量2.5 g/L,还原清洗温度80℃,还原清洗时间15 min,pH值3.0左右,浴比1∶10。     

低温清洗剂RY-322在涤纶针织物中的应用

采用低温清洗剂RY-322对涤纶针织物进行低温清洗,探讨清洗剂用量、清洗温度、时间、清洗pH值对清洗效果的影响,并与传统的保险粉清洗工艺进行对比。结果表明,低温清洗剂RY-322的优化工艺为低温清洗剂RY-322 2.5～3.0 g/L、液碱1.0 g/L、70℃、20 min;低温清洗剂RY-322的清洗温度要比保险粉低10～15℃,色牢度稍有提升,且低温清洗剂RY-322R清洗残液的COD值比保险粉低10%～15%;低温清洗剂RY-322为液体,替代保险粉,完全消除了保险粉遇水燃烧、粉尘飞扬的安全隐患。     

还原剂H在涤纶染色后的清洗应用

合成了一种还原剂H,属于亚磺酸盐的衍生物.在涤纶用分散染料染色后的清洗中进行了应用试验,并得出了较佳的清洗工艺:15 min,浴比1:30,还原剂H用量2 g/L,碱用量2 g/L,80℃;在此使用工艺下,处理后的织物相对于未处理的织物干摩擦牢度可以提升1级多,湿摩擦牢度及棉沾色可以提升约0.5级,而涤沾色牢度可提高近1级;还原剂H在最佳清洗使用工艺下,与保险粉效果相当.     

低温清洗剂RY-322在涤纶针织物上的应用

采用低温清洗剂RY-322对涤纶针织物进行低温清洗,优化的清洗工艺为:低温清洗剂RY-322质量浓度2.5～3.0 g/L,烧碱1 g/L,70℃清洗20 min.与传统的保险粉清洗工艺比较,清洗剂RY-322的清洗效果等同或略优于传统的保险粉,且可降低清洗残液COD.     

涤棉氧漂染色一浴剂RY-236的应用与实践

采用涤棉氧漂染色一浴剂RY-236对涤棉(T/C)针织物进行高温氧漂染色一浴加工。实验与生产实践表明,当RY-236用量为1.5 g/L、H2O2用量为3.0 g/L时,处理后T/C针织物的毛效为11.8 cm/30 min,白度为72.7,强力为408 N,均符合染色要求。与传统的二浴工艺相比,RY-236涤棉氧漂染色一浴工艺省水4缸,省时2～3 h,节约了氧漂助剂。     

新型还原清洗剂A

采用新型还原清洗剂A对涤纶织物还原清洗,探讨了各工艺因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明,还原清洗剂A质量浓度为6 g/L,于80℃处理20 min时,织物的沾色牢度和摩擦牢度等达到4级及以上,节能、省时、环保。     

PBT、CDP、PET交织物染色工艺探讨

PBT、CDP、PET交织物染色存在同色性、色差、色牢度差等问题,采用坯布高温预定形,并对染色pH值、匀染剂、染色温度和保温时间等参数进行优化,得出最佳工艺条件:180℃预定形30～40 s;染色选用1.0 g/L HAc和0.4 g/L NaAc缓冲溶液稳定p H值在4.0～4.5;匀染剂P用量根据浅、中、深色分别选用2.5、2.0、1.5 g/L;染色温度选用125℃,浅、中、深色染色保温时间分别为20、30、40 min;浅色后处理清洗采用60℃热水反复洗涤10 min,中、深色后处理清洗优选70℃处理20 min,织物色牢度和颜色稳定性良好,各项色牢度指标均达到4级以上。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the