超弹性NiTi合金循环相变诱发塑性本构模型

为定量描述镍钛形状记忆合金循环相变诱发塑性导致的超弹性退化行为,在广义粘塑性框架下对Graesser模型进行了拓展,考虑了奥氏体和马氏体弹性模量的差异以及马氏体非线性硬化行为,引入循环相变过程中相变应力和残余应变的演化方程,建立了超弹性Ni Ti合金循环相变诱发塑性本构模型,总结了模型参数确定方法.通过镍钛形状记忆合金微管的循环相变试验结果和模拟结果的对比表明,提出的模型能够很好地预测镍钛形状记忆合金的循环相变诱发塑性行为。     

结构振动控制的不同直径NiTi丝力学性能试验研究

试验研究了三种直径超弹性NiTi SMA丝的力学特性,考察了循环加载次数、应变幅值、加载速率和环境温度对其力学性能（相变应力、每循环耗散能量、割线刚度、等效阻尼比和残余应变等）的影响,揭示了加卸载过程中因潜热引起的SMA丝温度的变化规律。研究表明：随着循环加载次数的增加,三种材料的马氏体相变开始应力降低、每循环耗散能量和割线刚度逐渐减小,而残余应变累计增大,但约20圈后趋于稳定。而在同等条件下,三种材料相比,直径0.5mm SMA丝阻尼耗能特性和自复位特性优于另两种材料,而直径1.2mm和2.0mm SMA丝的力学性能基本接近。试验结果为SMA阻尼器的设计提供了依据。     

Hf含量对Ti49-XNi44Cu6Y1HfX形状记忆合金的组织与超弹性的影响

Ti-Ni-Cu基形状记忆合金具有相变滞后小、可回复应变大、热稳定性好等优良性能。本工作采用非自耗真空电弧熔炼制备了Ti_49-XNi₄₄Cu₆Y₁Hf_X(X=0,2,6,10)形状记忆合金，并研究了Hf含量对其组织、相变行为与超弹性等的影响。结果表明，合金在室温下的主要组织为B2奥氏体与少量化合物相，加载与卸载过程中发生了B2B19′马氏体相变。随Hf含量增加，Ti_49-XNi₄₄Cu₆Y₁Hf_X合金的马氏体相变温度降低，合金的压缩强度和断裂应变均有所降低，应力诱发马氏体的临界应力增加。在压缩应变为3%～11%的应力递增压缩循环过程中，合金出现加工硬化现象，并且可回复应力随着预应力的增加而增加。Hf含量为10%的合金在压缩应变为11%时具有最大的可回复应变7.9%,其中超弹性应变为5.2%。在压缩应变固定为7%的循环压缩过程中，10%Hf的样品循环稳定性较好，可以完全...     

TiNi基形状记忆合金的温度记忆效应研究新进展

因为具有形状记忆效应和超弹性,TiNi形状记忆合金已经广泛用做功能材料和生物材料.最近,由不完全相变诱发的特殊的温度记忆效应现象引起关注:如果从马氏体到奥氏体的逆相变在第一次加热中在温度TI处被中断,而后冷却到马氏体相变终了温度以下,在随后的加热过程会出现被一个动力学中断点TS分开的两阶段逆相变,TS可"记住"TI.本文综述了TiNi基形状记忆合金的温度记忆效应及其机制.     

TiNi基形状记忆合金的温度记忆效应研究进展

TiNi形状记忆合金经过一次不完全相变循环后将对随后的相变过程产生很大的影响，因此近年来由不完全相变诱发的特殊的温度记忆效应（TemperatureMemory Effect，TME）现象引起人们的关注：如果从马氏体到母相的逆相变在第一次加热过程中在温度瓦处被中断，而后冷却到马氏体相变终了温度以下，在随后的加热过程会出现被一个动力学中断点Ts分开的两阶段逆相变，Ts可“记住”Ti综述了近年来TiNi基形状记忆合佥的TME研究新进展，阐述了具有不同马氏体相变特征的TiNi基记忆合金中TME的特点及其机理。     

TiNi形状记忆合金约束态相变及驱动特性研究进展

TiNi形状记忆合金作为一种驱动材料具有广阔的应用前景，同时TiNi合金丝增强复合材料的研究和应用也得到人们的重视。TiNi合金的驱动能力与其约束条件下的相变行为有密切的关系。综述了不同约束态条件下TiNi形状记忆合金丝的马氏体相变特征及其驱动特性的研究进展。     

TiNi形状记忆合金低速冲击性能的数值模拟

采用有限元法数值模拟了TiNi形状记忆合金(SMA)的低速冲击性能。考察马氏体相变过程中不同伪弹性模量和弹性应变极限对TiNi合金低速冲击性能的影响。结果表明,随着冲击速度的增加,4种材料的最大接触载荷和位移量都呈线性增加趋势;冲击速度相同时,3种不同伪弹性模量TiNi合金试样的最大接触载荷和位移量近似相等且都低于45#钢,TiNi合金试样产生的最大Von Mises应力和最大塑性应变都低于45#钢;超弹性模量为2.9GPa的TiNi合金产生的最大Von Mises应力和最大塑性应变均最低。TiNi形状记忆合金较低的超弹性模量和较大的弹性应变极限能够减小冲击过程中的最大Von Mises应力,抑制高塑性应变的产生并使塑性变形区域减小,从而提高TiNi合金的抗冲击性能。     

TiNi基高温形状记忆合金的马氏体相变与形状记忆效应

综述了Ti-Ni基高温形状记忆合金中的马氏体相变和形状记忆效应最近研究进展。Ti-Ni基高温形状记忆合金主要包括用Ti-Ni-Pd,Ti-Ni-Pt,Ti-Ni-Zr和Ti-Ni-Hf等。对Ti-Ni基高温形状记忆合金体材料、薄带和薄膜中的马氏体相变、组织结构、形状记忆效应以及超弹性性能等进行了评述和归纳。值得注意的是,通过适当的时效处理可调节相变温度,显著改善Ti-Ni-Hf高温形状记忆合金的开头记忆效应和超弹性性能,其主要原因在于时效的Ti-Ni-Hf合金中析出纳米级析出相导致基体强度升高。采取适当的制备和加工方法,提高合金的马氏体相变温度,改善合金的开头记忆效应,是当前TiNi基形状记忆合金研究的主要发展趋势。     

Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni形状记忆合金超弹性的研究

用拉伸实验研究了Ｆｅ－１５．２Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－８．３Ｃｒ－７Ｎｉ、Ｆｅ－１６Ｍｎ－５Ｓｉ－９Ｃｒ－４Ｎｉ和３１７Ｌ不锈钢的应力应变曲线。结果表明,铁基形状记忆合金存在显著的超弹性。其应力应变曲线上,卸载时的曲线和再加载时的曲线相比有明显的滞后。合金卸载时存在极大的非线性回弹εｓｂ,εｓｂ随变形量的增加而增加,而超弹性应变εＳＥ在小变形量下随变形量的增加而增加,当总变形量超过一定值时,εＳＥ不再增加。Ｆｅ－１５．２Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－８．３Ｃｒ－７Ｎｉ的最大超弹性应变εＳＥ可达到０．７５％。应力诱发马氏体与母相之间界面移动产生超弹性,超弹性受化学驱劝力和母相对马氏体相的弹性约束控制。热形成马氏体和母相强度对超弹性影响不大。     

钽对(Ni51Ti49)1-xTax和Ni50Ti50-yTay形状记忆合金相变行为的影响

向TiNi形状记忆合金中添加第三或第四组元是改变它们相变特性的有效途径.人们发现,添加Co、Fe、Cr等能降低TiNi基形状记忆合金马氏体转变温度,而添加Hf、Pd能提高TiNi基形状记忆合金马氏体转变温度;此外,添加铜能降低TiNi基形状记忆合金的相变滞后宽度,而添加铌则增大TiNi基形状记忆合金的相变滞后宽度.     

Finite element simulation of low velocity impact on shape memory alloy composite plates

Delamination of composite materials due to low velocity impacts is one of the major failure types of aerospace composite structures. The low velocity impact may not immediately induce any visible damage on the surface of structures whilst the stiffness and compressive strength of the structures can decrease dramatically.

Shape memory alloy (SMA) materials possess unique mechanical and thermal properties compared with conventional materials. Many studies have shown that shape memory alloy wires can absorb a lot of the energy during the impact due to their superelastic and hysteretic behaviour. The superelastic effect is due to reversible stress induced transformation from austenite to martensite. If a stress is applied to the alloy in the austenitic state, large deformation strains can be obtained and stress induced martensite is formed. Upon removal of the stress, the martensite reverts to its austenitic parent phase and the SMA undergoes a large hysteresis loop and a large recoverable strain is obtained. This large strain energy absorption capability can be used to improve the impact tolerance of composites. By embedding superelastic shape memory alloys into a composite structure, impact damage can be reduced quite significantly.

This article investigates the impact damage behaviour of carbon fiber/epoxy composite plates embedded with superelastic shape memory alloys wires. The results show that for low velocity impact, embedding SMA wires into composites increase the damage resistance of the composites when compared to conventional composites structures.     

考虑加/卸载速率影响的Ti-Ni形状记忆合金简化本构模型

系统研究了Ti-Ni形状记忆合金丝(SMA)应力-应变曲线、特征点应力、耗能能力、等效阻尼比随材料直径、应变幅值、加载速率、加载循环次数的变化规律;针对SMA唯象Brinson本构模型无法描述SMA动态力学性能的缺点,结合前述试验结果,提出了一种可考虑加/卸载速率影响的SMA简化本构模型。应用该模型对试验用SMA丝进行模拟,所得应力-应变曲线各特征点平均误差仅为3%,结果表明:所建立的速率相关SMA简化本构模型可较为精确地描述SMA在应力诱发相变过程中的超弹性力学行为,同时可反映加/卸载速率和应变幅值等主要因素对其动力本构模型的影响;该模型结构形式简单,具有较好的工程应用前景。     

A physical mechanism based constitutive model for temperature-dependent transformation ratchetting of NiTi shape memory alloy: One-dimensional model

In this paper, the effect of test temperature on the transformation ratchetting of super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy was first investigated in the cyclic tension-unloading tests. It is shown that all the residual strain, dissipation energy, the start stress of martensite transformation and their evolutions during the cyclic loading depend greatly upon the test temperature. Based on the experimental observations, a new one-dimensional constitutive model is constructed by considering two different inelastic deformation mechanisms (i.e., martensite transformation and transformation-induced plasticity). The proposed model employs a new evolution rule of transformation-induced plasticity which considers the physical mechanism of the plastic deformation, i.e., the dislocation slipping in the austenite phase near the austenite–martensite interfaces. Furthermore, the interaction between dislocation and martensite transformation is also taken into account in the proposed model. The capability of the proposed model to predict the uniaxial temperature-dependent transformation ratchetting of NiTi shape memory alloy is verified by comparing the predictions with the experimental data.     

TiNi合金在恒应力约束下的不完全相变

利用DSC对预应变TiNi形状记忆合金丝在恒应力约束下的马氏体不完全逆相变进行了研究,发现不完全相变热循环样品在第二次自由态加热过程中出现两步马氏体逆转变和两段应变回复现象.分析认为:经过恒应力约束下的不完全逆相变后,TiNi样品中存在不同的马氏体,在随后的加热过程中先后逆转变,产生两段回复应变.     

TiNi记忆合金的马氏体相变与形状记忆效应

对近些年来有关ＴｉＮｉ记忆合金中马氏相变和形状记忆效应的最新研究成果进行综合评述。主要内容包括马氏体的形成，相变晶体学和变体自协作以及变形行为和形状记忆效应。     

Effect of martensite transformation on fracture behavior of shape memory alloy NiTi in a notched specimen

In this paper, the finite element calculation of the stress–strain distribution in front of a notch tip were carried out for two materials. One is a shape memory alloy NiTi with the stress-induced martensite transformation, and another is a fully transformed martensite NiTi without the transformation. Based on the results obtained, and combining a model of the fracture process zone, effect of martensite transformation on the fracture behavior of the shape memory alloy NiTi in a notched specimen of plane stress state is comparably analyzed. The results show that the martensite transformation increases the load to produce plastic deformation in the transformed martensite at the notch tip and decreases the maximum normal stress and plastic strain near the notch tip, and tends to suspend the crack nucleation and propagation in the fully transformed martensite in front of the notch tip, and thus increases the fracture load and improves the toughness. A quantitative analysis based on the model of the fracture process zone shows that the martensite transformation in the SMA NiTi causes about 47% increase in the apparent fracture toughness.     

TiNi形状记忆合金在定应变约束下的马氏体相变

通过DSC及回复应变的测量,研究了定应变约束态加热-冷却过程对预应变TiNi形状记忆合金相变行为的影响。结果表明,在约束态相变中,逆相变温度区间拓宽;取向马氏体除向母相转变外,应变还要进一步增大;在正相变过程中,从母相生成的马氏体也具有变形结构。约束态不完全相变后,样品中存在两种马氏体;再变形马氏体和继承变形马氏体,在随后的无约束逆相变过程中,前者的相变温度高于后者,并且输出两段回复应变。     

Anisotropic behavior of superelastic NiTi shape memory alloys; an experimental investigation and constitutive modeling

The effect of boundary condition on the mechanical behavior of superelastic NiTi shape memory alloys is investigated in this paper. Experimental tests were carried out on NiTi tubes subjected to tension and torsion with different boundary conditions including fixed and free end cases. Results revealed that anisotropy strain/stress appears in the material depending on the end boundary condition of the sample when martensite transformation occurs. This phenomenon is believed to be a result of anisotropy developed in NiTi during material processing and/or training procedures. Based on experimental findings, a new extension is considered to a 3-D phenomenological constitutive model to capture the anisotropic transformation strain/stress generation observed during different loading conditions. Numerical correlations between predicted and experimental data demonstrate the success of the modified model.     

Numerical Simulation of Mechanical Behaviors of the TiNi Shape Memory Alloy Welded Joints in the Precise Pulse Resistance Butt—Welding

The hysteresis unit system was introduced to mechanical structure behavior of the TiNi SMA joint based on the structure characteristics of the martensite variants in the joints, and some functions reflecting its inner structure characteristics and micro-behavior such as density function, phase transformation function were set up from micro-points. Finally, the structure behavior relationship and corresponding mathematic model reflecting the relationship among hysteresis strain, stress and phase transformation strain were provided, which could predict the stress-strain behavior of the TiNi SMA joint to large extent.     

Theoretical analysis of a functionally graded shape memory alloy plate under graded temperature loading

As a new kind of functional material, functionally graded shape memory alloy (FG-SMA) possesses the excellent properties of both shape memory alloy (SMA) and functionally graded material (FGM). By combining the heat conduction theory with the theory of the mechanics of composite materials, a macro constitutive model, which can be used to describe the mechanical behavior of FG-SMA under graded temperature loading, is established. With this macro constitutive model, the thermo-mechanical properties of an FG-SMA plate, which is composed by ceramic and SMA and subjected to different surface temperature loads, are investigated. The theoretical results show good agreement with the existing data, which indicates that the macro constitutive model provided here is valid. The obtained results show that the martensite transformation does not always happen first at the top or bottom of the plate, and it is dependent on the surface temperatures. It can also be found that the stress decreases markedly due to the martensite transformation. This research can provide a basis for the design and in-depth investigation of FG-SMA material.