两级A/O-Fenton-BAF工艺处理垃圾渗滤液

针对垃圾渗滤液的水质特征,采用厌氧折流板反应器/一级好氧/接触厌氧/二级好氧/Fenton氧化/曝气生物滤池工艺处理垃圾渗滤液.原水COD约为1 300 mg/L,氨氮约为300mg/L,运行结果表明,该工艺运行稳定,系统对COD的去除率达到93%,对氨氮的去除率达到98%,出水COD<100 mg/L、氨氮<25 mg/L、色度<40倍、悬浮物<30 mg/L,达到<生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准>(GB 16889-2008)中表2的排放标准.     

内循环厌氧反应器——好氧工艺处理果汁生产废水

采用内循环厌氧反应器(IC)/好氧生物工艺处理高浓度苹果汁生产废水。废水水量为1 200 m³/d,进水COD为2 000～10 000 mg/L,pH值为5～7。废水经处理后,出水COD≤60mg/L,满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级B排放标准。IC反应器对COD的去除率高达90%以上。该工程投资为425万元,运行电费为1. 85元/m³,药剂费约0. 96元/m³。     

厌氧(DUASB)+好氧(HTO)工艺处理玉米深加工废水

针对玉米深加工产业园来水种类多、水质复杂、有机物浓度高、可生化性较好、氨氮浓度高的特点,采用双层气箱式UASB(DUASB)+好氧高塔反应器(HTO)的工艺集中处理11 000m~3/d产业园综合废水,当进水COD为5 000～8 000 mg/L、NH_3-N为300～350 mg/L时,处理后COD、NH3-N分别降至200、20 mg/L以下,达到《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(GB/T 31962—2015)。     

CMAS工艺作为IC反应器后续处理工艺的研究

单独采用IC反应器处理生活污水时,出水水质不能达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)的一级B标准,因此增加完全混合式活性污泥(CMAS)工艺作为IC反应器的后续处理工艺。结果表明,CMAS工艺对IC反应器的出水净化效果明显,当CMAS工艺的进水COD和氨氮分别为(85.00～514.62)、(9.08～63.17)mg/L,MLSS为2000mg/L时,出水COD50mg/L、氨氮5mg/L,稳定达到了GB18918—2002的一级A标准。     

酒精废水厌氧消化液的后续处理试验

酒精废水经厌氧生物处理后排出的消化液COD浓度约为6 500 mg/L,BOD5/COD值较低,为此采用好氧生化-铁屑微电解混凝工艺进行了后续处理.结果表明,当好氧生物反应器容积负荷为0.65 kgCOD/(m3*d)、铁屑微电解反应与曝气时间各为1 h、聚铝(PAC)投量为300 mg/L、PAM投量为4 mg/L时,该组合工艺出水COD为156～236 mg/L、BOD5为53.1～82.0 mg/L、SS为12.5～16.10 mg/L、色度为25倍,符合GB 8978-1996的二级排放标准.     

水解酸化/MBR工艺处理混合污水的中试研究

将膜生物反应器与脱氮除磷工艺相结合,建立水解酸化/好氧MBR中试装置,针对以精细化工废水和造纸废水为主的市政混合污水进行处理,系统考察了工艺的运行情况和处理效果.结果表明,在进水COD为335～941 mg/L、NH3-N为11.1～28.7 mg/L、TN为31.2～38.6mg/L、TP为1.0～17.4 mg/L的条件下,当系统水力停留时间约为48 h时,对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为87.1%、91.0%、61.2%和93.7%.其中,出水NH3-N、TN和TP浓度均可达到GB 18918-2002的一级B标准;由于污水中难降解有机物的含量较高,导致出水COD浓度不能稳定达标,对此可在系统后设物化处理单元加以解决.     

河南桑坡村皮毛加工废水治理改扩建工程

桑坡村皮毛加工废水治理工程采用预处理/厌氧处理/两级生物好氧处理的主体工艺,原水COD为3 000～3 500 mg/L、BOD5为1 000～1 200 mg/L、SS为1 500～2 000 mg/L、NH3-N为30～50 mg/L、色度为500～600倍,处理出水BOD5、SS、色度达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB8978--1996)的二级标准,COD、NH3-N达到<焦作市2006年环境污染整治方案>的要求.     

多项膜生物反应器在含盐废水处理中的应用

文章介绍了哈尔滨石化公司应用多项膜生物反应器处理炼化企业含盐废水。影响膜生物反应器的主要运行参数有电导率、溶解氧、COD，电导率适宜范围是3000～5000 μS/cm，大于6000 μS/cm微生物受到抑制，低于2000 μS/cm时，去除率显著下降；一级好氧单元溶解氧适宜范围4.2～7.0 mg/L或2.0～3.0 mg/L，分别是好氧微生物和兼性微生物占据优势；当进水COD低于500 mg/L，出水可稳定达到GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准（COD≤120 mg/L）。     

微氧EGSB反应器处理焦化废水的启动研究

进行了微氧EGSB反应器处理焦化废水的启动试验。结果表明:在进水COD为630～2 300 mg/L、进水流量为1.0 L/h左右的条件下,逐渐提高回流柱的曝气量(反应器DO维持在0.5～1.0 mg/L),EGSB反应器经过174 d(近6个月)启动成功,此时反应器出水COD平均值仅为90 mg/L(最低达到76 mg/L),对COD的去除率达到89%。反应器启动阶段要保证有足够的碳酸氢盐碱度来中和水解和发酵阶段产生的有机酸,缓解有机酸对产甲烷菌的抑制;微量氧的加入使部分颗粒污泥破碎解体,导致粒径减小,但颗粒污泥中的微生物菌种丰富,其活性并没有降低。     

两级MBR在垃圾渗滤液处理工程中的应用

采用两级MBR工艺处理城市生活垃圾好氧堆肥处理厂的渗滤液,保持MBR的DO浓度在2～4 mg/L、MLSS为6～8 g/L.运行结果表明,一级MBR系统对COD和氨氮的去除率分别为(95％ ～97％)、(99.1％ ～99.9％),出水COD和氨氮浓度分别为(450 ～ 550)、＜14 mg/L;经二级MBR进一步处理后,对COD的去除率为15％ ～25％,出水COD为300 ～ 420 mg/L,出水氨氮＜7 mg/L,出水氨氮浓度达到了《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889-2008)的特别排放限值要求,这可减缓后续纳滤膜的处理负荷、延长其使用寿命、改善其出水水质.     

Biomass characteristics in three sequencing batch reactors treating a wastewater containing synthetic organic chemicals

The physical and biochemical characteristics of the biomass in three lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBR) treating a synthetic wastewater at a 20-day target solids retention time (SRT) were investigated. The synthetic wastewater feed contained biogenic compounds and 22 organic priming compounds, chosen to represent a wide variety of chemical structures with different N, P and S functional groups. At a two-day hydraulic retention time (HRT), the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) cycled between -100 (anoxic) and 100 mV (aerobic) in the anoxic/aerobic SBR, while it remained in a range of 126+/-18 and 249+/-18 mV in the aerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) and the aerobic SBR reactor, respectively. A granular activated sludge with excellent settleability (SVI=98+/-31 L mg(-1)) developed only in the anoxic/aerobic SBR, compared to a bulky sludge with poor settling characteristics in the aerobic SBR and SBBR. While all reactors had very good COD removal (>90%) and displayed nitrification, substantial nitrogen removal (74%) was only achieved in the anoxic/aerobic SBR. During the entire operational period, benzoate, theophylline and 4-chlorophenol were completely removed in all reactors. In contrast, effluent 3-nitrobenzoate was recorded when its influent concentration was increased to 5 mg L(-1) and dropped only to below 1 mg L(-1) after 300 days of operation. The competent (active) biomass fractions for these compounds were between 0.04% and 5.52% of the total biomass inferred from substrate-specific microbial enumerations. The measured competent biomass fractions for 4-chlorophenol and 3-nitrobenzoate degradation were significantly lower than the influent COD fractions of these compounds. Correspondent to the highest competent biomass fraction for benzoate degradation among the test SOCs, benzoate oxidation could be quantified with an extant respirometric technique, with the highest specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR(benzoate), 0.026 g O2 h(-1) g(-1) XCOD) in the anoxic/aerobic SBR. These combined results suggest that operating SBRs with alternative anoxic/aerobic cycles might facilitate the formation of granular sludge with good settleability, and retain comparable removal of nitrogen and synthetic organic compounds. Hence, the practice of anoxic/aerobic cycling should be considered in wastewater treatment systems whenever possible.     

微好氧与厌氧水解酸化对明胶废水的预处理效果

以明胶废水为研究对象,采用微好氧与厌氧水解酸化工艺进行对比处理实验,探讨了不同水力停留时间下微好氧与厌氧水解酸化对明胶废水水质改善的效果。实验结果表明,在水力停留时间达到72h的时候,溶解氧为1.3~1.6mg/L的微好氧反应器的COD去除率最大可达25%,溶解氧为0.3~0.5mg/L的厌氧反应器的COD去除率最大可达22%;微好氧反应器的VFA的含量达到12mg/L左右,厌氧反应器只有8mg/L左右;微好氧反应器的pH值可由最初的12.5降至7.5左右,而厌氧反应器只能降至8.0左右;两个反应器对蛋白质去除效果的差别并不明显,都可以达到90%以上,但是微好氧反应器的氨氮浓度只有22mg/L,小于厌氧反应器中的氨氮浓度,说明微氧条件有利于氨氮的扩散挥发,低浓度的氨氮对微生物的危害较小。对比得出微好氧反应器的出水水质较好,更适合明胶废水水解酸化的预处理。     

IC反应器在微氧条件下的运行特性研究

采用人工合成废水对IC反应器在微氧和厌氧条件下去除COD的效果、沼气产量、出水VFA、颗粒污泥粒径分布及颗粒污泥浓度等进行对比试验研究.结果表明:在进水COD分别为1 000、2 000、2 600、3 300、4 000 mg/L时,与厌氧相比,微氧时(溶解氧控制在0.5～1.0 mg/L)对COD的去除率分别增长了4.0%、4.0%、2.6%、1.5%、0.9%,沼气产量分别增长了160.0%、137.0%、78.0%、90.5%、50.9%;两种条件下的出水VFA均在200 mg/L以下,但与厌氧相比,微氧的出水VFA值更低、波动更小、变化更平稳;微氧时颗粒污泥的MLSS减少了3.6%,而MLVSS/MLSS值增长了0.6%,表明颗粒污泥的活性增强.     

厌氧折流池/生物滤池/人工湿地处理扎染废水

采用厌氧折流板反应器/生物滤池-接触氧化一体化装置/垂直流人工湿地等组合工艺处理扎染废水.厌氧折流板反应池、好氧一体化装置的设计容积负荷分别为0.50 kgCOD/(m~3·d)和0.30 kgCOD/(m~3·d).运行结果表明,当进水COD、BOD_5、NH~+_4-N、SS、色度平均值分别为556 mg/L、196 mg/L、19.3 mg/L、353 mg/L、314倍时,出水相应指标分别为43 mg/L、11.5 mg/L、3.1 mg/L、13.7 mg/L、19倍,系统运行稳定,可实现扎染废水长期稳定达标排放.     

IC反应器酸化原因分析及重新启动

对由于有机负荷提升过快导致酸化的IC反应器，在工程上采用好氧出水回流稀释可以较好地恢复IC反应器的正常运行，这一措施简便易行，费用低，但重新启动比初次启动需要更长的时间。     

硫酸盐还原对活性污泥沉降性能的影响

采用双SBR和人工配水进行试验,考察了厌氧选择器中硫酸盐还原对好氧反应器内活性污泥沉降性能的影响。结果表明,当进水硫酸盐浓度一定时,厌氧选择器的水力停留时间越长,则硫酸盐的还原程度越高;当厌氧选择器的水力停留时间一定时,进水的硫酸盐浓度越高,则硫酸盐的还原程度越高。当进水硫酸盐浓度为85 mg/L、在厌氧选择器水力停留时间为60 min时,好氧反应器内已有污泥膨胀迹象;当进水硫酸盐浓度为125 mg/L、在厌氧选择器水力停留时间为60min时,好氧反应器内开始发生污泥膨胀,镜检发现活性污泥中存在大量丝状菌;当进水硫酸盐浓度为250 mg/L、在厌氧选择器水力停留时间为20 min时,好氧反应器内活性污泥膨胀严重,反应器内污泥浓度降低,出水漏泥现象严重,影响到反应器的处理效果。     

Simultaneous organic and nitrogen removal from municipal landfill leachate using an anaerobic-aerobic system

An anaerobic-aerobic system including simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification was introduced to treat organic and nitrogen compounds in immature leachate from a landfill site. Denitrification and methanogenesis were successfully carried out in the anaerobic reactor while the organic removal and nitrification of NH4+,-N were carried out in the aerobic reactor when rich organic substrate was supplied with appropriate hydraulic retention time. The maximum organic removal rate was 15.2 kg COD/m3 d in the anaerobic reactor while the maximum NH4+-N removal rate and maximum nitrification rate were 0.84kg NH4+-N/m3/d and 0.50kg NO3--N/m3/d, respectively, in the aerobic reactor. The pH range for proper nitrification was 6-8.8 in the aerobic reactor. The organic compounds inhibited nitrification so that the organic removal in the anaerobic reactor could enhance the nitrification rate in the following aerobic reactor. The gas production rate was 0.33 m3/kg COD and the biogas compositions of CH4, CO2, and N2 were kept relatively constant, 66-75, 22-32, and 2-3%, respectively.     

Nitrite inhibition of aerobic growth of Acinetobacter sp

Nitrite inhibition of Acinetobacter sp. growing under aerobic conditions was studied. Specific growth rates under non-limiting concentrations of acetate and dissolved oxygen averaged 0.62h(-1). Growth and phosphate uptake by Acinetobacter sp. were both inhibited by increasing nitrite concentrations. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of free nitrous acid (FNA) was 0.10 mg/L and the IC10 of FNA was 0.05 mg/L. Removing nitrite from cultures reversed the inhibitory effect. Comparison of the IC10 of FNA for Acinetobacter sp. to inhibitory concentrations for other wastewater heterotrophic bacteria suggests that Acinetobacter sp. are relatively sensitive to this compound.