陶瓷粒子/铝板坯液锻连挤复合成形及轧制基础研究

对陶瓷粒子向铝液或铝粉混合过程机制和均匀性进行了研究,发现搅融混合实用性强,均匀性差,而原位法和粉末混合法有获得均匀浆料或粉末体。     

Effects of Morphological Characteristics of Alumina Particles and Interfacial Bonding Strength on Wear Behavior of Nano/Micro-alumina Particulates Reinforced Al/A206 Matrix Composites

Matrix/reinforcement interface has a critical role in determining the properties of metal matrix composites (MMCs). Properties of matrix/reinforcement interface depend on the fabrication method. The main problem in the fabrication of MMCs is wettability between reinforcing particles and molten alloy. Al206/5 vol% alumina_p cast composites were fabricated by the addition of reinforcing particles into molten Al alloy, semi-solid and liquid states, in two different forms: (1) as-received alumina (nano/micro) particles and (2) pre-synthesized composite reinforcement prepared via ball milling of alumina (nano/micro) with Al and Mg powders (master metal matrix composite). The effects of powder addition techniques, alumina/matrix interfacial bonding strength, and morphological characteristics of alumina particles on wear behavior were investigated. A new combination parameter, called alumina particle appearance (APA) index, was introduced. APA index approximates the collective effects of morphological characteristics of alumina particles on wear behavior. It is suggested that samples with lower APA index have superior wear properties. Microscopic examinations of the composite and matrix alloy and alumina/matrix interface were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that wear resistance was increased in the composites fabricated by the addition of pre-synthesized reinforcing particles into molten alloy in the semi-solid state. Improvement in wear resistance is attributed to higher bonding strength of matrix/reinforcement as well lower APA index compared to those prepared via as-received alumina particles.     

SiCP/2024复合材料在半固态下流变行为的研究

采用半固态等温压缩试验和金相显微镜等方法和手段,对SiCP/2024复合材料在半固态下流变行为进行了研究。结果表明,SiCP/2024复合材料在半固态下压缩时的流动应力随试验温度的提高而显著下降;当压缩时间较短时,复合材料的压缩应力比未增强合金小,当压缩时间较长时,压缩应力大于未增强体合金,且其具有伪塑性体的特性。     

Influence of graphite content on the dry sliding and oil impregnated sliding wear behavior of Al 2024–graphite composites produced by in situ powder metallurgy method

The influence of graphite content on the dry sliding and oil impregnated sliding wear characteristics of sintered aluminum 2024 alloy–graphite (Al/Gr) composite materials has been assessed using a pin-on-disc wear test. The composites with 5–20 wt.% flake graphite particles were processed by in situ powder metallurgy technique. For comparison, compacts of the base alloy were made under the same consolidation processing applied for Al/Gr composites. The hardness of the sintered materials was measured using Brinell hardness tester and their bending strength was measured by three-point bending tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the debris, wear surfaces and fracture surfaces of samples. It was found that an increase in graphite content reduced the coefficient of friction for both dry and oil impregnated sliding, but this effect was more pronounced in dry sliding. Hardness and fracture toughness of composites decreased with increasing graphite content. In dry sliding, a marked transition from mild to severe wear was identified for the base alloy and composites. The transition load increased with graphite content due to the increased amount of released graphite detected on the wear surfaces. The wear rates for both dry and oil impregnated sliding were dependent upon graphite content in the alloy. In both cases, Al/Gr composites containing 5 wt.% graphite exhibited superior wear properties over the base alloy, whereas at higher graphite addition levels a complete reversal in the wear behavior was observed. The wear rate of the oil impregnated Al/Gr composites containing 10 wt.% or more graphite particles were higher than that of the base alloy. These observations were rationalized in terms of the graphite content in the Al/Gr composites which resulted in the variations of the mechanical properties together with formation and retention of the solid lubricating film on the dry and/or oil impregnated sliding surfaces.     

镁合金半固态成形的现状及发展前景

阐述镁及镁合金的特性。从非枝晶坯料的制备、坯料的重熔加热和半固态的成形工艺等三方面介绍镁合金半固态成形的研究现状。详细介绍采用机械搅拌法、电磁搅拌法、应变诱发熔化激活法(Strain-induced M elt ActivationProcess,SIMA)和半固态等温热处理法制备非枝晶坯料的最新研究成果。展望我国镁合金半固态成形技术的发展前景。     

Effects of electromagnetic stirring and rare earth compounds on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al–Si alloys

In this paper, the effects of rare earth addition and electromagnetic stirring on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al–Si alloys have been reported. Hypereutectic Al–Si alloy was prepared using liquid metallurgy route and modified with the addition of cerium oxide. To control the structure, slurry of hypereutectic Al–Si alloy was subjected to electromagnetic stirring before pouring into the mould. It was observed that the addition of cerium oxide (0.2 wt.%) refined the primary silicon particles and modified the eutectic silicon particles. Further, the electromagnetic stirring of the hypereutectic Al–Si alloy reduced the average size of primary silicon particles, from 152?±?9 to 120?±?6 μm, and the length of β-intermetallic compounds decreased from 314?±?12 to 234?±?10 μm. Similarly, the application of electromagnetic stirring on cerium oxide-modified hypereutectic Al–Si alloy also reduced the average size of primary silicon particles from 98?±?5 to 76?±?4 μm and the average length of β-intermetallic compounds from 225?±?7 to 203?±?5 μm. Mechanical properties namely tensile strength, ductility and hardness of the alloys were improved with electromagnetic stirring and addition of cerium oxide appreciably.     

用铝粉作增粘剂制备泡沫铝

采用熔体发泡法制备了孔结构均匀、孔隙率高的泡沫铝材料,系统研究了铝粉(增粘剂)含量、增粘搅拌时间、保温时间和发泡剂的含量对孔隙率和孔结构的影响。对铝粉在铝熔体中的增粘机理以及在发泡过程中对气泡的稳定作用进行了讨论。结果表明:加入质量分数5％铝粉,搅拌时间7 min,发泡剂TiH2质量分数1．5％,保温5 min的条件下,可以得到孔结构均匀、孔隙率约75％的泡沫铝硅合金材料。     

反应合成法制备Al_2O_3/Al复合材料

采用搅拌方法加入 Cu O粉末与 Al液进行原位反应 ,并用铸造工艺成功制备了 Al2 O3 /Al复合材料。试验结果表明 :Cu O粉末与 Al液能原位反应生成 Al2 O3 ,反应有一较长的孕育期 ,生成的 Al2 O3 细小且均匀分布在 Al基体上 ,具有强烈的增强效果 ,复合材料的硬度远高于基体材质     

反应合成法制备Al2O3／Al复合材料

采用搅拌方法加入CuO粉末与Al液进行原位反应,并用铸造工艺成功制备了Al2O3/Al复合材料,试验结果表明：CuO粉末与Al液能原位反应生成Al2O3,反应有一较长的孕育期,生成的Al2O3细小且均匀分布在Al基体上,具有强烈的增强效果,复合材料的硬度远高于基体材质。     

制备工艺对PTFE复合材料硬度的影响

采用溶剂蒸发法和固体纳米粉末混合法制备两种工艺制备了PTFE复合材料。结果表明：在填料含量相同时，溶剂蒸发法制备的PTFE复合材料的硬度显著高于固体纳米粉末混合法制备的PTFE复合材料的硬度；使用纳米颗粒作填料时，用偶联剂处理表面对硬度没有显著影响。其作用机理为：当用固体纳米粉末填料时，由于纳米粉末的团聚作用，丧失了部分纳米颗粒的表面特性，界面结合较差，硬度较低；而使用液体纳米硅溶胶制备PTFE复合材料时，纳米颗粒在搅拌蒸发的过程中被PTFE大分子包裹，可以有效防止团聚的发生。     

Forging process of medium-pressure-type rheology materials fabricated with electromagnetic stirrer

This paper describes a rheo-forming process for the development of automobile suspension parts by using rheology material with electromagnetic stirring equipment. Generally, the liquid forging process takes place under high pressure of 1,000 bar. The productivity of the liquid forging is higher than that of the lower pressure die-casting. In order to improve mechanical properties, the rheology forging process by using medium pressure (<500 bar) with electromagnetic stirring equipment has been proposed for fabrication of rheology material with controlled solid fraction. From the analysis of filling and solidification, the die design of medium vertical forging process by electromagnetic stirrer equipment has been proposed for the development of an arm part. The microstructure and mechanical properties of suspension parts were investigated with and without heat treatment. Based on the microstructure, observation revealed the arm part with fine and spherodized α-Al phase particles. As a result, the uniform eutectic structure enhanced the mechanical properties of the suspension part.     

SiCp颗粒增强铝基复合材料非共线非线性响应试验观察

采用粉末冶金方法制备的碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料(SiCp/Al)受加工过程工艺影响较易出现SiCp颗粒分布不均等缺陷。传统的金相法及声速扫描法检测该缺陷存在破坏试样及定位困难且灵敏度不高等问题;基于谐波的穿透式共线非线性无损检测方法检测灵敏度高,但易受到其他非线性试验来源的干扰。为解决这一问题,利用基于波束混叠的非共线非线性超声检测方法,观察SiCp/Al的非共线非线性响应,探讨使用该方法检测粉末铝基复合材料非均匀性缺陷的可行性;建立非共线非线性超声检测试验系统,发现LY12铝合金及SiCp/Al试样内部的波型转换与波束混叠现象;利用非共线技术的空间可达、波型转换及频率方向可控等性质,成功剔除了非线性的试验来源,从试验上证明该方法能够观测试样内部的非线性,具备检测SiCp/Al试样均匀性的潜力。试验方法与结果为进一步研究非共线混叠波与粉末铝基复合材料均匀性的相关关系及扫查方法奠定基础。     

高导电耐磨铜基复合材料的研究

用冷压-烧结-热挤压工艺制备了SiCp／Cu复合材料，得到组织均匀、致密、导电导热的复合材料。干磨损试验结果表明，随着SiC含量的提高，复合材料具有更高的耐磨性；SiC颗粒增强物的加入减小了材料的粘着磨损，使复合材料在高载荷条件下具有更为优越的耐磨性。SiC体积分数不超过15％的铜基复合材料具有比铬锆铜合金更高的导电、导热性能和耐磨性。     

Fabrication of Carbon Nanotubes and Rare Earth Pr Reinforced AZ91 Composites by Powder Metallurgy

It can be known from a large number of research results that improving the dispersibility of CNTs can effectively opti-mize the mechanical properties of the corresponding metal matrix composites.However,the crucial issue of increas-ing the bonding of CNTs and the matrix is still unsolved.In this paper,a novel method was developed to increase interfacial bonding strength by coating titanium oxide(TiO2)on the surface of CNTs.The rare earth Pr and TiO2@CNTs-reinforced AZ91 matrix composites were successfully fabricated by powder metallurgy.Hot press sintering and hot extrusion of the milled powder was performed.After hot extrusion,the influence of TiO2@CNTs on the microstruc-ture and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.The results showed that the coating process can improve the distribution of CNTs in Mg alloy.The CNTs refined the grains of the matrix,and the CNTs were presented throughout the extrusion direction.When the TiO2@CNTs content was 1.0 wt.％,the yield strength(YS),ultimate ten-sile strength(UTS),and elongation of the alloy attained maximum values.The values were improved by 23.5％,82.1％,and 40.0％,respectively,when compared with the AZ91 alloy.Good interfacial bonding was achieved,which resulted in an effective tensile loading transfer at the interface.CNTs carried the tensile stress and were observed on the tensile fracture.     

Microstructural and mechanical properties of nanometric magnesium oxide particulate-reinforced aluminum matrix composites produced by powder metallurgy method

In this research, aluminum alloy (A356.1) matrix composites reinforced with 1.5, 2.5 and 5 Vol.% nanoscale MgO particles were fabricated via powder metallurgy method. Pure atomized aluminum powder with an average particle size of 1μm and MgO particulate with an average particle size between 60 to 80 nm were used. The specimens were pressed by Cold Isostatic Press machine (CIP), and were subsequently sintered at various sintering temperatures, viz. 575, 600 and 625°C. Optimum amount of reinforcement and sintering temperature were determined by evaluating the density, microstructure and mechanical properties of composites. The composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Hardness and compression tests were carried out in order to identify mechanical properties. Reinforcing the Al matrix alloy with MgO particles improved the hardness and compressive strength of the alloy to a maximum value of 44 BHN and 288 MPa, respectively. The most improved compressive strength was obtained with the specimen including 2.5% of MgO sintered at 625°C. According to the experiments, a sintering temperature of 625°C showed better results than other temperatures. A good distribution of the dispersed MgO particulates in the matrix alloy was achieved.     

机械合金化改性硫化亚铁/铜合金粉末的特性

为了解决FeS/Cu粉末冶金复合材料中FeS易团聚以及界面结合差的问题,采用机械合金化技术制备了FeS/Cu复合材料粉末。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜等对不同球磨时间的质量分数为6%的FeS/Cu合金粉末的混合特性、压制特性及烧结后的力学性能进行检测和分析,结果表明：机械合金化可有效改善FeS颗粒与基体合金粉末的混合均匀性,烧结后材料的密度、硬度均得到提高,FeS和Cu界面结合良好;由于FeS颗粒均匀弥散地分布在铜合金基体中,割裂了基体材料的连续性,反而使复合材料的韧性和压溃强度有所降低。     

半固态铸造技术研究的进展

半固态铸造是一种新的材料成形技术 ,采用半固态铸造技术成形可以实现产品的低成本、高产出及高质量。本文着重介绍了半固态铸造合金的坯料制备和成形方法 ,同时分析了搅拌速度和金属液冷却速度对一次相的影响 ,还对半固态合金微观组织的形成和演化以及充型过程数值模拟等进行了分析 ,提出了发展半固态铸造技术值得重视的问题     

热挤压对亚微米Al2O3p/2024Al复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用挤压铸造法制备了体积分数为30％的Al2O3p／2024Al复合材料,对材料在不同温度下进行热挤压试验,并对复合材料的力学性能进行了测试,同时利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜观察了复合材料压铸态和挤压态的微观组织。结果表明：热挤压改善了材料的组织,提高了材料的力学性能。随后的T6处理进一步提升了复合材料的力学性能,特别是小变形抗力。     

The effect of solid fraction and indirect forging pressure on mechanical properties of wrought aluminum alloy fabricated by electromagnetic stirring

This study demonstrated the effect of solid fraction and forging pressure on mechanical properties of the product of wrought aluminum alloys fabricated by the indirect rheoforging through electromagnetic stirring (EMS). In addition to EMS, the rheological material was examined for its response to various pouring temperatures as the rheo-material was forged into a sample which consisted parts that were directly and indirectly subjected to forge pressure. As results of investigating the relationship between microstructural features and mechanical properties of the product through microscopic inspection, the EMS rheo-forged materials revealed a fine and globular microstructure. Microstructures of Al6061 wrought aluminum alloy with uniform solid and liquid phase distributions (no segregation) demonstrated good mechanical properties with tensile strengths of up to 341 MPa.