浅谈液化气市场消防安全现状及对策

液化石油气作为一种高热值、低污染、使用方便 的工业与民用燃料,近年来发展异常迅猛,如何针对目前液化气在经营和使用中的现状,强化消防安全管理,减少各类液化气事故的发生,已成为当前消防安全工作中一个十分重要的课题。 一、液化气市场消防安全现状 1、经营单位违规销售。1993年开始,消防、劳动、液化气等部门联合对液化气市场多次进行联合清理整顿,     

农村地区液化气市场的消防安全

随着石油工业的迅速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高，液化气作为一种高效便捷的新型燃料受到农村群众的普遍青睐，液化气在农村地区的广泛使用也活跃了液化气用具市场和农村劳动力市场，刺激了农村市场液化气的经营、运输和器具的经营、维修，私营业主不断增多。但是，液化气作为一种压缩气体，具有易燃易爆的特性，加之农村地区主要以钢瓶供用，管理使用中还有很多漏洞，极易发生火灾和爆炸事故。 一、当前农村液化气市场存在的主要问题 1.液化气站管理混乱。液化气站是液化气市场的源头，消防管理混乱主要表现在：安全操作规程不落实…     

液化气瓶装供应的消防安全问题及其对策

随着人们物质生活水平的提高和城市燃料的更新,液化石油气作为现代“柴货”已走入千家万户,液化气瓶装供应行业发展迅速。仅据苏北盐城市的统计,市区范围内就有供应站24家,供应户数55050户,70％以上的乡镇设有液化气供应站或代销站。但是发展迅速的液化气瓶装供应行业却暴露出十分严重的消防安全问题。笔者对盐城市区的液化气供应状况进行了走访调查,现就存在的主要问题及其工作对策谈点粗浅认识:     

液化气火灾特点及其灌瓶站火灾的扑救

液化气火灾特点及其灌瓶站火灾的扑救○邢玉卫液化石油气作为厨用燃料使用日益普遍，液化气灌瓶站的建设亦越来越多。作为一级防爆、甲级防火场所，搞好液化气灌瓶站的消防保卫工作，对于保障人民生命财产安全，具有十分重要的意义。液化石油气的性质概括起来，液化石油气...     

煤气泄漏了怎么办?

作为一种清洁、高效、方便的燃料,煤气(液化气)已普遍进入城镇居民家庭。人们在用煤气(液化气)炊具烧水、煮饭过程中,有时会因输气管(橡胶软管)老化或受机械压迫损伤发生破裂,火苗被水或其他液态物质扑灭,使用后忘记关上     

南京规范燃气汽车的改装

<正> 南京公用液化气发展有限公司是南京市首家以推广液化气与汽油两用燃料汽车及车用液化气的供应为主要业务的专业公司,经江苏省和南京市有关部门的联合审核验收,成为南京市首批获得燃气汽车定点(生产)改装资质的企业之一。目前,该公司正加紧进行     

液化气进农家门后的忧思

如今,随着农村经济建设的迅速发展和农民生活水平的不断提高,液化气作为现代家庭厨房的主要燃料,正越来越普遍地受到广大农民朋友的青睐。农民从烧柴草到蜂窝煤,从蜂窝煤到钢瓶液化气,变化之快,出人意料和想象。液化气进了农家门以后,它给农民朋友提供种种方便的同时,也扮演了一个生活“杀手”的角色。它那易燃、易爆、有毒的脾性,给消防部门带来的是放不下丢不弃的深深忧思。     

液化石油气长距离管道输送工艺

金山——闵行液化气输液管道长47公里,采用妒159×6无缝钢管,按Ⅱ级压力等级设计,年输送液化气量10×10~4t/a。对输液泵的选型进行分析、比较后,选用日本胜达因牌高速单级离心泵作为输液主泵。为克服胜达因泵吸入性能低的缺点,在主泵前串连一台日本日机装株式会社产的屏蔽泵,对管道进行水击分析,并采取一定的安全措施。     

锅炉烟气烘干污泥焚烧发电技术经济性分析

对利用热电厂锅炉烟气烘干污泥后,与工业固体废弃物掺混作为燃料焚烧发电的技术性进行了探讨。分析了利用热电厂锅炉烟气烘干污泥取得的经济效益。     

加热法回收液化石油气残液

液化石油气是一种很好的民用燃料,但如果使用或管理不当,极易发生火灾或爆炸事故。液化气残液处理不妥,是引起事故的重要原因之一。若能将其回收,可作为化工原料,这是节约能源的一项措施。大中型液化气贮配站,都有残液集中回收设施,其工艺流程为加压法、抽真空法、泵和喷射器法。这些方法,需要设备,动力消耗较高,不适于小型的液化气站。为了妥善解决许多小型液化气站残液回收问题,本文提出了一个设备极简单,投资少、无动力消耗,利用废热回收残液的新工艺——残液加热法。     

Energy, economic and environmental (3E) analysis of a micro gas turbine employed for on-site combined heat and power production

This paper studies the optimization of micro turbine application to meet the electrical, heating and cooling loads of a building by energy, economics and environmental analysis. In this study following three cases are considered: 1: A simple micro gas turbine to meet the electrical power of the building. 2: A simple micro gas turbine to meet the electrical power of the building as well as the power required by heat pump and mechanical refrigerator needed for heating, cooling and domestic hot water (DHW) systems. 3: A CHP micro gas turbine to meet the electrical power of the building as well as part of the power required by heat pump and mechanical refrigerator needed for heating, cooling and DHW systems. The remaining part of the power for heat pump and mechanical refrigerator is provided by the exhaust gases.The research shows that the initial investment is a considerable portion of electricity cost. For an annual interest rate of 10% this portion ranges from 31 to 40% depending on system design configurations, and the lower interest rates results in the smaller portions. It is also concluded that the number of turbine units and electricity cost are highly depended on electricity consumption management.     

钢铁企业煤气高效利用技术的探讨

某钢铁企业调整煤气结构,建立煤气自动监控系统,提高转炉煤气回收量;采用煤气干法除尘和电除尘技术,提高煤气净化质量;采用高炉炉顶煤气余压回收透平发电实现了煤气能量的有效转换;采用燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电减少了煤气放散,实现了企业用电的部分自给。     

北京南站冷热电三联供系统探讨

介绍了北京南站冷热电三联供系统设计,包括方案选择、负荷计算、系统配置、运行策略、节能分析等。认为使用燃气内燃机比燃气轮机更具优势,建议在电力并网前提下采用以电定热原则确定系统设备容量配置。     

Technology choices for new entrants in liberalized markets: The value of operating flexibility and contractual arrangements

New entrants in liberalized electricity markets which are not vertically integrated and do not operate a large and diversified portfolio of generation technologies are likely to favour technologies which offer the best prospects to manage fuel and electricity price risks through contractual arrangements and operating flexibility. Monte Carlo simulations of a discounted cash flow model of investment in combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT), coal and nuclear power plant are run to compare the impact of fuel and electricity price risks on these different technologies, as well as the value of operating flexibility and contractual hedges. In the absence of long-term fixed-price power purchase contracts, CCGT is the least risky option as its cash flow is “self-hedged” given the high correlation between electricity and gas prices observed in many markets. Moreover, the value associated with operating flexibility and arbitrage between gas and power market is greater for CCGT plant. This makes CCGT particularly attractive to new entrants.     

The Changing Picture of Water Consumption By Power Stations

Recent advances in open-cycle gas-turbine technology have resulted in station thermal efficiencies which are comparable with the large fossil-fired stations built in the 1970s. The combination of a steam cycle to the gas turbine culminating in the 'combined cycle gas turbine' station has led to even greater generating efficiencies. These advances in power-station design have led to reductions in water demand per megawatt of electricity generated. However, water usage still contributes significantly to increasing fuel efficiency in (a) the electrical generating process, (b) reducing atmospheric emissions from stations burning fossil fuels, and (c) utilizing gas turbines. Considerations arising from the competitive electricity market and wider issues of sustainability and environmental improvements, in general, suggest that water will continue to be required for power generation in the foreseeable future.     

Thermo-economic analysis of a waste-to-energy integrated multi-generation power plant

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the thermo-economic analysis of a waste-to-energy integrated multi-generation power plant using the municipal solid waste generated in Onitsha, Nigeria at latitude 6°9′N and longitude 6°49′E. The chemical energy in the municipal solid waste was converted to that of a synthetic gas, and subsequently converted into electrical energy in an integrated multi-generation power plant composed of gas turbine, steam turbine, micro turbine and absorption refrigeration cycles. The analysis was implemented in the HYSYS, EES, MATLAB and Microsoft environments. Results showed that the municipal solid waste had a power plant capacity of 168?MW, exergetic efficiency of 51%, life cycle cost of $143 million, breakeven point of 9 years, and a unit cost of electricity of $0.01/kWh. Compared to the combined power plant of similar capacity, the life cycle cost savings and reduction in the flue gas exit stack temperature were $49.07 million and 73°C, respectively.     

Potential use of cold thermal energy storage systems for better efficiency and cost effectiveness

The present article deals with the employment of combined heat and power (CHP) micro gas turbines using natural gas and cold thermal energy storage system (CTES) in Tehran (with mild climate), Bandarabas (with hot and humid climate) and Kerman (with semi-hot climate). A micro CHP produces electricity to meet the electrical energy needs of the building, and it is also considered to meet part of the heating, cooling and domestic hot water energy needs through a heat pump and refrigeration system. A detailed study considering the effect of CTES system on the selection of micro gas turbines of a residential building located in Tehran is performed. The results show that since the number of micro gas turbines is dependent on the maximum cooling load required in the summer using CTES system reduces the CHP micro gas turbine units from 21 to 11 and costs from US$ 1,133,221 to US$ 799,061 (29.5% economical) for the residential building which is located in Tehran. Also, using this system in Kerman and Bandarabas reduces the micro CHP gas turbine units from 21.75 to 11.40, respectively.     

Performance analysis of green engine-driven systems for space cooling

As fuel prices keep changing and energy reserves keep decreasing, efficient methods of energy utilisation and conversion should be used. Heat pumping is a good example where low-grade diluted thermal energy is abstracted from air outdoors and then transferred and concentrated at higher air temperature indoors. For space cooling, the thermal energy is abstracted from warm air indoors and then thrown outdoors.

This work covers engine-assisted cooling systems both vapour compression and absorption, associated with gas turbine and internal combustion engines. Primary energy was found to be saved by about 50%, especially with gas turbines, relative to the basic electrical system operated by supplied electricity from the power plant.     

大型冷库余热余压利用方案比较

为了节约能源,降低用电量,充分利用发电厂余热,对浙江某1万吨冷库进行了分别用工业汽轮机替代电机拖动压缩机和汽轮发电机发电的技术改造分析.这些大量的余热若能合理的充分利用,将节约大量的能源和减少环境污染,企业的生产成本也将大为降低.     

Developing a local carbon dioxide emissions inventory based on energy demand and waste production

This paper reports the development of a carbon dioxide emissions matrix for the Oeiras municipality, one of the largest Portuguese municipalities, located in the metropolitan area of Lisbon. This matrix takes into account greenhouse gas emissions, caused by an increase of electricity demand in buildings as well as solid and liquid wastes treatment, from the domestic and services sectors. Using emission factors that were calculated from the relationship between the produced energy and amount of treated wastes, greenhouse gas emissions in the Oeiras municipality, were estimated for a time series of six years (1998 to 2003). The results obtained showed that the electricity sector accounts for about 75% of the municipal emissions in 2003. This study constitutes a tool to define sectors for appropriate action, including energy planning and also public information.