大通河桥体外预应力加固设计

体外预应力技术具有施工简单、结构可靠、造价经济等优点,在桥梁结构加固工程中得到广泛应用。结合大通河桥的主要病害分析,对结构进行验算,介绍了简支梁桥体外预应力加固设计方法及其加固效果。     

体外预应力在某连续梁桥加固中的应用

以体外预应力在某连续梁桥加固中的应用为例,介绍体外预应力在连续箱梁中的布置形式、锚固方法和转向块设置等。加固后桥梁的动静载试验以及后期的运营状态观测表明,采用体外预应力加固后,原结构的应力状态和强度得到了改善,为今后桥梁加固提供了一种新的思路和解决方法。     

竖张法双折线体外预应力加固RC梁挠度计算

采用体外预应力竖向张拉双折线布筋方法,对2根矩形对比梁,三组不同预应力筋配筋率、不同工况的9根矩形钢筋混凝土简支梁进行了加固试验研究。在考虑二次效应、体外预应力筋有效应力和加固工况的影响下,对加固梁的短期刚度进行了验证分析计算,得到了加固梁短期刚度计算公式的适用范围,并计算得到了试验梁的短期挠度值。     

体外预应力CFRP筋加固T形截面混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究

通过体外预应力CFRP筋加固T形截面混凝土梁静力试验,研究体外预应力CFRP筋加固梁的受弯性能,包括受力过程、破坏形态、延性及CFRP筋应力增量等,分析张拉控制应力、非预应力配筋率和混凝土强度等级对加固梁受弯性能的影响。结果表明:与未加固梁相比,采用体外预应力CFRP筋加固,能显著提高混凝土梁的受弯承载力、整体刚度和极限变形能力,限制裂缝发展;张拉控制应力和非预应力筋配筋率对加固梁受弯承载力影响较为明显,而混凝土强度等级影响较小。基于试验结果,运用现有体外预应力混凝土结构理论,建立了体外预应力CFRP筋加固T形截面混凝土梁受弯承载力计算公式,可供实际工程设计参考。     

粘贴碳纤维板—体外预应力综合加固T梁试验研究

针对钢筋混凝土T形梁,进行粘贴碳纤维板加固、体外预应力筋加固、粘碳纤维板-体外预应力综合加固梁对比试验研究,开展三种加固方法加固下T梁的结构刚度、裂缝宽度和极限承载力等结构特性的分析研究。分析表明,粘碳纤维板-体外预应力综合加固梁具有良好的结构受力性能。     

体外预应力加固大空间门式刚架结构抗火性能分析

通过对采用体外预应力加固的大空间门式刚架抗火实例的分析,研究体外预应力张拉设计值、体外预应力索截面积及撑杆高度对无保护大空间门式刚架结构加固后抗火性能的影响.结果表明:在火灾作用下,采用体外预应力加固后的大空间门式刚架结构具有较好的抗火性能,能够满足抗火设计要求.此研究可为无保护大空间门式刚架结构采用体外预应力加固后的抗火设计提供参考.     

竖张双折线体外预应力加固RC梁抗裂分析

采用体外预应力竖向张拉双折线布筋加固方法,对2根对比梁和9根不同体外预应力配筋率、不同工况下矩形钢筋混凝土简支梁进行了抗弯性能试验研究。试验结果表明,采用体外预应力加固RC梁可以显著提高其极限承载力和抗裂能力。在试验结果基础上,运用应力图形分解法,结合内力及力矩平衡,推导了体外预应力混凝土矩形截面梁开裂弯矩的简化计算公式,且计算值与试验值吻合良好。     

体外预应力混凝土梁弯曲性能分析

体外预应力混凝土技术已被广泛地应用于各种结构工程及对既有结构进行加固中。本文通过十片体外预应力混凝土梁的试验,建立了体外预应力混凝土梁受弯条件下全过程非线性分析的计算方法和计算机程序。计算结果表明,该计算方法可以较好地反映此类梁在受弯条件下的规律,为进一步深入研究体外预应力混凝土结构提供了理论分析的依据。同时,采用体外预应力技术对一座铁路桥进行了加固。     

钢筋混凝土连续梁体外预应力筋加固的试验与计算

本文通过对混凝土T形连续梁采用体外预应力方法加固的试验,介绍了体外张拉预应力筋的设计、加载过程、折线预应力加固、加固后的连续梁再加载和试验结果。结果表明张拉体外预应力筋后,试验梁抗裂荷载明显提高,抵抗变形能力增大,加固效果很好。     

采用体外预应力方法进行工程加固

随着预应力技术的飞速发展,体外预应力结构形式开始出现并在工程中得以运用（如体外预应力梁,体外预应力柱等）,而采用体外预应力方法进行工程加固已逐步在工程加固中运用,本文就采用体外预应力技术加固工程作一些介绍。     

Experimental and theoretical studies on composite steel–concrete box beams with external tendons

Composite steel–concrete box beams with and without external tendons were tested to their ultimate strength. The effects of external tendons on structural performance of composite steel–concrete beams were investigated in detail. Experimental results proved that, due to the action of external prestressing tendons, the ultimate strength of a composite steel–concrete box beam increased by 27.72%, the elastic limit of a composite steel–concrete box beam increased by 29.17%, the stiffness of a composite steel–concrete box beam increased by 54.15% at the failure state, and the deflection ductility of a composite steel–concrete box beam increased by 18.00%. The equation for estimating the stress in external prestressing tendons is established according to the relationship between the stress in external tendons, and the maximum compressive strain of concrete slab. Based on experimental results, a theoretical model for predicting the flexural resistance of composite steel–concrete box beam with external tendons is proposed. The spatial integral method, which adopts the actual stress distribution, is more rational than the conventional equilibrium rectangular stress block model, and is adopted to calculate the interior force on sections. The calculated flexural resistance based on proposed equations has a high level of accuracy, when compared with test results. Experimental and theoretical studies have demonstrated that the composite steel–concrete box beam with external tendons is a promising innovative structure that combines the merits of composite steel–concrete box beams and external prestressing tendons.     

Experimental monitoring of the strengthening construction of a segmental box girder bridge and field testing of external prestressing tendons anchorage

Prestressed concrete segmental box girder bridges are composed of short concrete segments that are either precast or cast in situ and then joined together by longitudinally post-tensioning internal, external, or mixed tendons. The objectives of this study are to monitor the construction process of the external prestressing tendons to strengthen the bridge structure and perform a field load test to measure the strain and the deflection of the anchorage devices of the external prestressing tendons to determine the state of these devices after tension forces are applied. The monitoring process of the external prestressing tendons construction includes inspecting the cracks in the diaphragm anchorage and the deviation block devices before the tension forces are applied to the external tendons; measuring the deformation of the steel deviation cross beam during the tension process; measuring the deformation of the box girder after different levels of tension forces are applied; measuring the elongation of the external tendons in each level of the tension; and measuring the natural frequency of the external tendons after the tension process is complete. The results of the monitoring process show that the measured values of the deformation, the elongation, and the natural frequency meet the requirements. Therefore, there is no damage during the construction and the tensioning of the external prestressing tendons. A field load test is performed to the anchorage beam, the steel deviation block devices, and the steel deviation cross beam. The field load test results of the anchorage devices show that the values of the strains, the stresses, and the deflection are less than the respective allowable limit values in the requirements. Therefore, the anchorage devices have sufficient strength, and the working state is good after the tension forces are applied to the external prestressing tendons.     

钢-混凝土组合梁体外预应力筋极限应力研究

对国内外有关钢 混凝土组合梁体外预应力筋极限应力的研究成果进行了较为系统的综述。根据近期完成的 4根体外预应力钢 混凝土组合梁单调全过程试验 ,提出了体外预应力筋预应力损失的设计建议。基于虚功原理和变形协调条件分别推导了体外预应力筋弹性增量和极限应力的计算公式 ,在此基础上建立了体外预应力钢 混凝土组合梁抗弯承载力的计算公式 ,并编制了计算程序 ,程序计算值与试验结果吻合良好     

体外FRP筋的极限应力分析

为获得体外预应力混凝土梁的正截面抗弯强度、必须首先确定体外预应力筋的极限应力。在过去的半个多世纪中,许多学者对体外或体内无粘结预应力筋的极限应力进行了试验及分析研究,但这些研究主要以钢材、很少以纤维复合材料(FRP)作为研究对象。本文根据相关的试验研究数据,分析了以FRP为体外筋和以钢材为体外筋的情况下,等效塑性区长度与破坏截面中性轴比值的差异及变化。分析表明,对FRP体外预应力混凝土梁,这一比值比较稳定,并可取为常数。但该常数与以钢材为体外预应力筋的构件的有所不同。本文建立了分别以FRP和钢材为体外预应力时,构件的等效塑性区长度与破坏截面中性轴比值的转换关系式。在此基础上,建议了既适用于简支梁,亦适用于连续梁;既适用于常规的体外预应力钢筋,亦适用于非常规的体外预应力FRP筋的体外预应力筋极限应力计算方法。     

采用体外预应力加固简支实腹钢梁的设计计算

体外预应力加固方法是提高钢梁承载能力、改善其受力性能的一种简单易行的方法。本文对体外预应力加固简支实腹钢梁时体外预应力筋的线形布置、预应力损失以及内力增量的计算和体外预应力筋截面面积的确定进行了分析 ,并且对加固后钢梁的设计计算进行了研究 ,最后通过一实例进行了设计计算     

碳纤维筋与混凝土粘结性能的试验研究

碳纤维筋是一种新型的复合材料,用它代替混凝土结构中的钢筋,可解决因钢筋锈蚀造成的耐久性问题。而它与混凝土的粘结性能好坏,是影响其推广应用于增强混凝土结构中的关键技术之一。通过拔出试验,研究了碳纤维筋与混凝土结构的粘结与滑移关系,分析了粘结破坏的机理。采用了连续自动的采集方式,测出了较完整的粘结滑移曲线以及粘结应力沿埋长的分布。     

Experimental study of prestressed steel-concrete composite beams with external tendons for negative moments

Four groups of prestressed steel-concrete composite beams with external tendons in negative moment regions were tested, and the cracking behaviours and the ultimate negative moment resistances of the composite beams were investigated experimentally. It is found that in hogging moment regions, on adding prestressing to the composite beams with external tendons, the cracking resistance of the beams can be effectively increased; however, the incremental internal tendon forces of the prestressed composite beams are rather small, and therefore can be neglected in the evaluation of the negative moment resistance of the beams. In hogging moment regions, the ultimate resistance of a composite beam prestressed with external tendons is governed by either distortional lateral buckling or local buckling, or an interactive mode composed of the two bucklings. For a beam with a compact section, the negative bending moment can reach the plastic moment when the steel section is fully plastic, and for a non-compact section, the negative bending moment is limited to the yield moment at which the compression steel flange initiates yield. The method for evaluating the buckling resistance of the composite beams is discussed, and a tentative design method based on BS5400: Part 3 is proposed to assess the buckling resistances of the prestressed composite beams.     

Corrosion failure of post-tensioning tendons in alkaline and chloride-free segregated grout: a case study

This paper describes a case study of corrosion of post-tensioning strands in segregated grout that led to failure of one of the external tendons of a bridge after less than 2 years from the construction. Unexpectedly, severe corrosion attacks took place in areas where the ducts were filled by the injection grout, but segregation of the grout led to the presence of an unhardened whitish paste. A detailed inspection of the failed tendon, as well as other tendons removed afterwards, showed that corrosion occurred mainly in the inclined parts of the external post-tensioning tendons, in the presence of whitish grout. Analysis on samples of segregated grout showed that it was highly alkaline and had a high content of sulphate ions, but was free of chloride ions, excluding thus the normal causes of corrosion of steel in cement-based materials. Microstructural analysis of failed wires also excluded the failure for hydrogen embrittlement.     

张拉体外预应力筋的钢筋混凝土梁设计

在工程加固中钢筋混凝土梁与张拉其体外的预应力筋系统(可为折线形、元宝筋形式或其他可能的形式)形成一种特殊形式的预应力筋与该梁间无粘结力的预应力混凝土组合梁(文中简称为预应力梁),本文研究了其实际工作特性及计算方法,即将预应力筋的作用视为内力,通过理论分析和试验研究,论证了在不同受荷阶段这种无粘结力的预应力混凝土梁的设计计算原则,推导出了设计需要的各种计算公式。     

体外预应力钢-混凝土组合连续梁的试验研究及有限元分析

与承受正弯矩的简支梁不同,连续梁中支座部分承受负弯矩,组成组合梁的钢板件受压力作用,其力学性能受稳定控制,不考虑稳定影响的规范简化塑性算法会带来不安全的结果.以Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类组合梁和是否配置预应力筋为参数,进行了两组共四根连续组合梁的单调加载对比试验.试验结果表明:无论预应力连续组合梁或是普通连续组合梁,最终破坏特征均为负弯矩区混凝土开裂,钢腹板局部屈曲,整个截面畸变失稳,正弯矩区混凝土板压碎;正弯矩区的承载能力可由简化塑性计算方法计算,而负弯矩区的受力性能由稳定控制,影响其承载能力的主要因素为板件的宽厚比所表征的截面种类,考虑屈曲的承载力计算方法与试验结果吻合.对各组合梁进行了有限元数值分析,分析考虑界面滑移、预应力、稳定等影响,结果和试验吻合较好.