进动弹头目标微多普勒分析与仿真

研究了进动弹头目标的微动模型及其微多普勒特征,提出了运用目标体进动模型分析旋转对称弹头目标微多普勒的方法,克服了以往的用固定散射中心点模型分析弹头目标微动问题存在的散射中心变化、遮挡的缺陷.理论分析了弹头目标的微多普勒,并利用时频分析方法分别从理论仿真回波数据和电磁仿真回波数据中提取出旋转对称进动弹头的微多普勒;三者基本一致,验证了文中方法的有效性和正确性.     

进动圆锥弹头双基地微多普勒特性分析

微动特征是弹道中段目标雷达识别的有效特征之一。该文首先利用由几何绕射理论推导的圆锥弹头散射中心模型确定了3个散射中心分别是锥顶及双基地角平分线在锥底平面上的投影与底面边缘的2个交点;然后建立了进动圆锥弹头双基地微多普勒模型,经化简可知双基地微多普勒模型与双基地角平分线上单基地雷达微多普勒模型相似,且双基地微多普勒幅值为单基地微多普勒幅值的半双基地角的余弦倍,这与单双站散射等效定理吻合;再通过分析3个散射中心的微多普勒模型得出了可用于进动和结构参数估计的3种相关性;最后利用电磁计算软件FEKO计算了圆锥弹头模型的双基地雷达截面积(RCS),通过对RCS序列的时频分析,验证了该文理论分析的正确性。     

弹道目标章动特性及其微多普勒研究

章动是自旋弹道目标的一个典型运动特征.文中通过引入初始目标坐标系将摆动、自旋、锥旋3种运动叠加起来,建立了弹道目标章动的数学模型,分析了有翼弹道目标和无翼弹道目标章动特性对雷达回波调制的差异性,推导出了目标章动所产生的微多普勒理论结果,通过仿真实验给出了章动微多普勒的时频分析结果.证明了仿真结果和微多普勒理论结果一致性.     

基于多目标跟踪的空间锥体目标微多普勒频率提取方法

该文在等效散射中心模型下,分析了光滑空间锥体目标进动和章动时回波的微多普勒频率与运动参数的关系。针对目标微多普勒频率的复杂形式,该文提出一种在时频分布(TFD)的基础上,利用多目标跟踪(MTT)技术分离空间锥体目标各等效散射中心微多普勒频率变化曲线的方法。该方法首先应用经典的短时傅里叶变换得到回波的TFD,然后将目标在TFD上的时频曲线看作机动目标的航迹,利用MTT技术跟踪TFD上的时频曲线,从而达到提取目标各等效散射中心微多普勒频率的目的。实验中利用电磁仿真数据验证了提出算法的有效性。     

谐振区自旋目标微多普勒效应研究

微多普勒模型建立在散射中心假设基础上,将目标抽象为散射点集,适用范围局限于光学区电磁散射。文中针对谐振区目标微多普勒效应进行研究,利用电磁散射方法对典型几何体的微多普勒进行仿真计算,模拟了典型散射体在典型运动模式下的微多普勒瞬时频谱分布,发现瞬时微多普勒呈现一定频谱分布,与光学区的微多普勒特征呈现本质区别。     

基于微多普勒的圆锥弹头进动与结构参数估计

微动特征是弹道中段目标雷达识别的有效特征之一。该文首先推导了圆锥弹头的锥顶散射中心和锥底平面上两个滑动散射中心的微多普勒表达式,与由几何绕射理论得到微多普勒时频曲线进行对比,发现锥顶散射中心的微多普勒时频曲线有细小差异,其他两个散射中心的很吻合。通过分析这3个表达式发现3个散射中心的微多普勒具有3种相关性。针对这3种相关性论文提出了在不同入射角下提取微多普勒时频曲线的离散点进行进动和结构参数估计的方法,并进行了仿真实验提取了进动和结构6个参数,且估计效果较好。     

自旋尾翼弹头的双基地微多普勒研究

微动特征是弹道中段目标雷达识别的有效特征之一。针对基于自旋尾翼弹头的双基地微多普勒的自旋和结构参数估计问题,该文首先建立了自旋尾翼弹头双基地散射中心的微多普勒模型,然后利用FEKO计算了尾翼弹头的双基地散射系数,通过对散射系数序列的时频分析,验证了模型的正确性,同时总结了自旋尾翼弹头的双基地微多普勒特性,再分析了估计自旋和结构参数的可行性,最后,由于闪烁效应导致Hough变换已不能有效估计参数,该文提出了利用闪烁效应估计参数的新思路。     

弹头形状对导弹RCS影响的分析

对导弹的结构进行简化,建立了导弹的电磁散射模型,通过综合运用物理光学法（PO）、等效电磁流法（MEC）、几何光学法（GO）等高频方法计算了导弹模型各散射中心的雷达散射截面积（RCS）,并考虑目标各部分散射场间的相对相位关系,计算了带橄榄型弹头导弹的整体RCS,其结果与参考文献的实测结果吻合较好,这说明该文的分析方法是正确的、有效的,结果可满足工程预估的需要。在此基础上,分别计算了不同极化方式下带椭球型和半球型弹头导弹的RCS,结合RCS曲线分析了弹头形状对导弹电磁散射特性的影响。     

基于参数化时频分析的进动锥裙目标瞬时微多普勒频率提取方法

微动目标散射点的微多普勒对目标运动、结构参数的估计具有重要意义。该文针对表面光滑的锥裙目标,首先依据进动锥裙目标的等效散射点模型,推导出散射点的理论微多普勒曲线表达式。结合进动调制的锥裙目标微多普勒曲线为多阶正弦级数叠加的先验信息,提出一种基于参数化时频分析的进动锥裙目标微多普勒曲线提取方法。针对多分量信号组成的锥裙目标回波,该方法利用相干信号单距离多普勒干涉(CSRDI)方法估计锥旋频率,进而利用参数化时频分析估计散射点的微多普勒曲线,之后利用带阻滤波器分离估计得到的散射点回波信号。基于电磁仿真数据验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于微多普勒特征的真假目标雷达识别研究

真假目标识别是弹道导弹防御系统的主要技术瓶颈之一,在一定程度上决定了反导系统的成败.微多普勒是目标的一种新的"唯一"雷达特征,"唯一"是指不同的微运动会产生不同的微多普勒.基于弹头和诱饵微动特性的差异,提取相应的微多普勒特征可用于识别真假目标.在介绍弹头和诱饵运动特性的基础上,引入微多普勒概念,建立了弹头和诱饵的微动模型,并分别用矩阵法和代数法推导了其微多普勒的理论公式.理论计算与仿真实验的结果吻合良好,表明本文数学模型和理论推导的正确性;以微多普勒带宽、周期以及时频面上的变化规律为特征,可以区分真假目标.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.