基于CIM的偏差补偿稀疏NLMAD算法研究

为了解决输入信号受噪声干扰和输出观测噪声具有脉冲特征的稀疏系统辨识问题,提出一种基于CIM的偏差补偿NLMAD(Normalized least mean absolute deviation, NLMAD)算法。 利用NLMAD算法可有效抵御脉冲输出观测噪声的优势,首先应用无偏准则设计偏差补偿NLMAD算法来有效解决由于输入噪声导致的估计偏差问题。再次考虑到稀疏系统辨识问题,将CIM作为稀疏约束惩罚项引入到偏差补偿NLMAD算法提出了新的稀疏自适应滤波算法CIMBCNLMAD。将所提算法应用于输入和输出均含有噪声的稀疏系统辨识和回声干扰抵消场景中,实验表明CIMBCNLMAD算法的稳态性能优于其它自适应滤波算法,说明该方法具有强的鲁棒性且可应用于工程实践。     

变步长比例仿射投影算法及在回声消除中的应用

针对稀疏控制算法快速收敛与低稳态失调之间的矛盾,提出了一种变步长的稀疏控制比例仿射投影算法。该算法将干扰信号对系统稳态性能的负面作用考虑进滤波器系数更新过程中,并利用后验误差对其进行补偿,建立了一个新的目标函数,根据该目标函数,导出了一种适用于比例仿射投影算法整体步长的调节方法。理论分析和计算机仿真结果表明,算法在典型的回声信道条件下,均能获得很快的收敛速度和很低的稳态失调。     

一种新的变步长比例仿射投影算法研究

研究比例仿射投影算法,针对自适应算法收敛速度和稳态误差之间的矛盾,提出了一种变步长的改进比例仿射投影算法( VSS- IPAPA).利用后验误差去补偿干扰信号对系统稳态性能的影响,得到了算法新的最优步长准则,根据步长准则以及先验误差与后验误差之间的联系,导出了一种适用于比例仿射投影的步长调节方法.综合了稀疏算法、数据重用方法及变步长的优点.最后通过对改进算法进行仿真,结果表明,在增加少量计算量的情况下,系统的收敛速度和稳态性能有明显的改善,证明了比例仿射投影算法的有效性.     

仿射投影算法中的步长控制

依据仿射投影算法均方误差（MSE）的最快收敛速度条件,对算法迭代过程中的步长进行控制,提出了一种新的变步长仿射投影算法（VSSAPA）。该算法使步长随着输出误差的变化而自动调整,从而降低稳态误差。将提出的算法应用于系统辨识,结果表明,与传统仿射投影算法和变步长仿射投影算法相比该算法具有更低的稳态误差和更快的收敛速度。     

一种新的变步长自适应滤波算法研究

针对滤波器在亚模型(under-modeling)工作状态下定步长自适应算法收敛速度和稳态误差之间的矛盾,提出一种变步长分割式比例仿射投影算法(VSS-SPAPA)。该算法考虑到系统干扰噪声和滤波器权系数个数小于回声路径长度时引起的亚模型噪声对回声消除系统性能的影响,利用后验误差去补偿这两类噪声的负面作用,建立一个新的目标函数,根据该目标函数,导出一种适用于比例仿射投影算法整体步长的调节方法。仿真结果表明:在增加少量计算量的情况下,新算法的收敛速度和稳态性能与定步长比例仿射投影算法以及已有变步长算法相比得到了明显提高。     

基于广义最大Versoria准则的稀疏自适应滤波算法

针对脉冲噪声干扰环境下传统稀疏自适应滤波稳态性能差,甚至无法收敛等问题,同时为提高稀疏参数辨识的精度的同时不增加过多计算代价,提出了一种基于广义最大Versoria准则（GMVC）的稀疏自适应滤波算法——带有CIM约束的GMVC（CIMGMVC）。首先,利用广义Versoria函数作为学习准则,其包含误差p阶矩的倒数形式,当脉冲干扰出现导致误差非常大时,GMVC将趋近于0,从而达到抑制脉冲噪声的目的。其次,将互相关熵诱导维度（CIM）作为稀疏惩罚约束和GMVC相结合来构建新代价函数,其中的CIM以高斯概率密度函数为基础,当选择合适核宽度时,可无限逼近于l_{\mathrm{0}}-范数。最后,应用梯度法推导出CIMGMVC算法,并分析了所提算法的均方收敛性。在Matlab平台上采用\alpha-stable分布模型产生脉冲噪声进行仿真,实验结果表明所提出的CIMGMVC算法能有效地抑制非高斯脉冲噪声的干扰,在稳健性方面优于传统稀疏自适应滤波,且稳态误差低于GMVC算法。     

基于反双曲正弦函数的抗冲激块稀疏自适应滤波算法

针对现有基于最小均方误差（MSE）的块稀疏系统辨识算法抗冲激性能不佳的问题,提出了一种利用反双曲正弦函数替代最小均方误差的改进型块稀疏归一化最小均方（IBS-NLMS）算法。该算法首先构造新的代价函数,利用负梯度最陡下降法求出增量,进而导出了新的滤波器权系数更新公式,在公式迭代过程中出现的冲激噪声会导致权系数的更新量趋于零向量,从而消除了由于非高斯冲激干扰而导致的算法发散问题。同时,理论分析并推导出了该算法的均值收敛过程。块稀疏系统辨识的仿真结果表明,在非高斯冲激噪声干扰和截断变化情况下,改进型算法与块稀疏归一化最小均方（BS-NLMS）算法相比有更快的收敛速度和更小的稳态误差。     

基于改进仿射投影算法的数字助听器自适应回声消除

提出了一种改进的仿射投影算法。该算法建立了步长因子与误差能量之间一种新的非线性函数关系,根据误差能量的变化自动调整步长因子,以达到加快滤波器收敛速度、降低稳态失调的目的;在对误差能量的估计中提出了遗忘因子选择规则,提高了误差能量估计的准确性。对提出的算法进行的数学分析,为其快速收 敛性提供了理论依据。实验仿真表明,与传统的自适应算法以及固定步长的仿射投影算法相比,提出的改进仿射算法在收敛速度、稳态失调等方面有明显改善。     

基于再生核Hilbert空间的非线性信道均衡算法

在高速无线通信领域,为消除码间干扰（ISI）必须研究非线性信道均衡技术。基于再生核希尔伯特空间（RKHS）研究非线性信道的自适应均衡算法。首先基于非线性维纳模型提出均衡器的结构,基于RKHS引入核方法,与仿射投影算法（APA）相结合推导出核仿射投影算法（KAPA）,再通过引入松弛因子得到改进的KAPA算法。用蒙特卡罗法对提出的自适应算法进行仿真,从收敛性能、误码率（BER）、跟踪能力、计算复杂度等方面与其他算法做比较。在不增加计算复杂度的情况下,极大降低了误码率,非常适合时变非线性信道均衡的应用。     

可变数据重用因子仿射投影算法

从修改传统仿射投影算法（Affine Projection Algorithm,APA）的约束条件出发,推导出了一种新的可变数据重用因子仿射投影算法。该算法解决了传统APA算法收敛速度与稳态失调和计量复杂度之间的矛盾,实现了在初始阶段数据重用因子大,收敛后数据重用因子小的目标。仿真结果表明该算法最终达到了高数据重用因子APA的收敛速度和NLMS算法的计算量和稳态失调。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。