微波照射对含碘溴化银乳剂的影响

曝光前,短时间微波照射可以提高溴碘化银感光胶片感光度。一段时间微波照射后,溴碘化银胶片感光度增感幅度不大。而且,微波照射溴碘化银乳剂,其碘的位置和含量与胶片最后的增感大小有关。曝光后,微波照射可以使潜影衰退。     

提高显影选择性增力口影像密度

通过在显影液中综合应用有机和无机添加剂,影响显影剂的活性和含潜影卤化银微晶的性质,可使医用X射线胶片和黑白胶卷已曝光和未曝光卤化银之间的催化还原速度差别增大若干倍.研究这一效应的本质表明,影像密度的提高是由于在传统显影液中不显影的小尺寸潜影中心的卤化银微晶也加入到照相显影过程之中的结果,它导致感光涂层的曝光区银量增加.根据研究结果,在医疗机构进行了应用试验,用于医用X射线胶片的加工,由于影像密度的增加,可显著降低X射线的照射剂量.     

压力对X线胶片灰雾形成的影响

1 前言 灰雾是指感光材料未经曝光通过显影而产生的密度。产生灰雾的原因很多,一般认为在卤化银晶体内部聚集了能形成显影核的较大的中性银原子,它通过显影也能产生密度形成灰雾。灰雾既能在感光材料制造过程中产生,也能在胶片储存过程中和加工过程中产生。例如,在储存过程中,温湿度高、与硬物摩擦、受到压力均会引起灰雾;在加工过程中,安全灯不符合要求、显影配方选择不当、显影时间长、温度偏高、显影液中防灰雾剂量偏少也能引起灰雾。对X线胶片而言,投照条件不正确,如千伏过高或过低、毫安大小、焦距不当等都会产生灰雾。灰雾对X线照片质量的优劣有很大影响,灰雾严重的胶片给诊断带来很大困难,甚至会引起误诊,给病人造成麻烦。因此,对X线胶片灰雾产生的原因必须进行研究,并采取预防措施保证X线照片质量,满足诊断要求。 本课题研究的目的是试验压力怎样影响X线胶片灰雾的形成,找出压力大小与灰雾密度之间的关系,并找出胶片受压时间对灰雾形成的影响。(本文经李嘉明同志阅并提出宝贵意见,谨表谢意。)     

《信息记录材料》2003年总目录

·研究与开发·利用光密度曲线模型研究C【)_一R染料旋涂工艺…………………… ………………………………岳宏达,宾月景,潘龙法,等(1—3)酸增殖源及其在化学增幅抗蚀剂体系中的应用…………………… …………………………………周庆莉,曹胜利,张存林(1—7)成核剂在多元醇还原法超细磁粉制备中的应用…………………… ……………………………邓联文,江建军,谢伍瑶,等(1～l】)压力对x线胶片潜影衰退的影响…………………………………… …………………………………汪永明,丁振忠,曹厚德(1～14)茈系颜料的晶型调节与性能表征………………………     

银二聚体型空穴-电子转换器的增感技术研究

长期以来 ,在对潜影的研究中发现 ,卤化银微晶曝光时产生的正空穴与潜影形成效率不高、潜影衰退、负感效应和互易律失效等现象均有关 .正因为这些原因 ,所以一直以来卤化银成像体系所要解决的最基本问题之一仍是如何减少和消除正空穴对潜影形成的不良影响来克服潜影形成效率低的问题 .近年来 ,人们在如何处理空穴问题上逐渐形成了一条新思路 ,其基本思想是 :光生空穴 输入 化学空穴—电子转换器 输出 电子或电子载体其中的“空穴—电子转换器”应具备两个基本功能 ,一个是空穴捕获功能 ;另一个是空穴转换功能 ,即能把捕获的空穴经过快速反应…     

国内医用胶片市场

国内医用X线胶片市场究竟有多大?这个问题一直为国内外X线胶片生产厂家所关注.笔者曾在"国内医用胶片市场透视”一文中,用多种方法对国内医用胶片市场容量进行推算并展望未来的消耗量,认为:目前中国大陆医用胶片的年消耗量估计在2000～2300万m2,而未来10年消耗量可能增长50%以上.     

新型全塑料硫氧化镧X射线增感屏

一、前言 X线机摄片是医疗诊断的重要手段之一,摄片时,胶片对X射线感光能力很差,只有使X射线转变成可见光后,才能有效地使胶片感光,X射线增感屏就是起把X射线转变成可见光的作用。因此X射线增感屏是X线机摄片时必须具备的重要器材之一。目前国内外普遍使用钨酸钙增感屏,它已有七八十年的历史。长期来,停留在原有技术     

X线胸片诊断肺结核影像临床价值分析

目的:探析X线胸片在肺结核影像诊断中具有的临床价值。方法:择取2014年5月到2016年5月期间于笔者所在医院放射科接受X线胸片检查的40例肺结核病患,对其X线胸片的影像进行观察与分析,基于X线胸片的诊断结果,评估X线胸片在肺结核中的诊断价值。线胸片在肺结核中的诊断价值。结果:40例患者中确诊的患者有38例(95.00%)。分:40型包括结节型、斑片状型以及规则浸润型。其影像共同之处:1胸膜增厚粘连;2片状融解或是有小空洞影;3结节斑点影;4网状影或者纤维索条影;5斑片状周围有浸润影。结论:X线胸片可以区分不同分型肺结核的影像特点,临床可以通过X线胸片图像进行肺结核的准确诊断。     

X线胶片密度测量系统波谱分析及光源选择

X线胶片光学密度是胶片信息的外观表现 ,也是判断胶片质量的一个重要参数。其测量的精确依赖于测量系统的设定。本文就 X线胶片光学密度测量过程中系统波段设定对测量结果的影响进行了分析。结果表明 ,测量系统工作波段的选择是非常重要的。由于测量系统选用的实际光源其波段光强都是非均匀的 ,不同光源及工作波段的设定将造成胶片光学密度测量值间的差异。为使测量结果准确可靠 ,系统工作波段应尽量窄 ,测量系统光源应选用高光强、高稳定并与接受器件匹配的单色光源。     

条码技术在乐凯产品中的应用

在一盒包装完好的乐凯GBR100彩色胶卷上，从外包装纸盒、暗盒到胶片片边，有商品条码、暗盒条形码、潜影条形码等三种不同的条码。它们分别应用于彩色胶卷的商品流通、冲洗、扩印等不同过程，这就是条码技术在乐凯产品中的具体应用。那么何谓条码技术？     

Preparation of highly uniform self‐standing submicrometer polyimide films and an investigation of their antibulging capabilities

Aiming for X‐ray astronomy applications, we prepared large‐area submicrometer polyimide (PI) films [diameter (Φ) = 8 cm] with great thickness uniformity via the spin‐coating technique by using a PI precursor, poly(amic acid) (PAA) derived from 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, and p‐phenylenediamine as the starting materials. The effects of the spinning speed, apparent viscosity of the PAA solution (η), and spinning time on the PI film thickness and its uniformity, as characterized by the measurement of the film thickness every 0.5 cm along the diameter direction, were investigated. By optimizing the spin‐coating conditions, we prepared final submicrometer PI films with average thicknesses in the range of 200–850 nm and with film thickness fluctuations of less than 1.3%. The pressure bulge test results indicate that at a thickness of 805 nm and an inside test aperture diameter of 2.64 cm, the prepared PI films reached a final burst pressure of 20.2 KPa; this suggested excellent mechanical performances in the self‐standing submicrometer PI film. This study makes a contribution by providing a typical example and opening the way for the preparation of robust self‐standing submicrometer PI films with great thickness uniformities for X‐ray astronomy applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014 , 131, 39977.     

Preparation of chitin‐CdTe quantum dots films and antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Novel chitin–cadmium‐tellurium quantum dot (Chitin‐CdTeQD) hybrid films combining chitin and CdTe quantum dots (CdTeQDs) were prepared via a facile aqueous synthesis route at room temperature. Films were characterized by high‐resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (HR‐FESEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Antibacterial activity was studied on both Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Antibacterial properties were investigated with agar diffusion testing assay and with confocal laser scanning microscopic image analysis. Chitin–CdTeQD films exhibited an excellent antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Chitin–CdTeQD films might be a desirable antibacterial material for wide range of biomedical applications including wound dressing, burn treatment, drug delivery systems, packaging, ophthalmology, and implants. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44904.     

Functionalization of industrial polypropylene films via the swift‐heavy‐ion‐induced grafting of glycidyl methacrylate

Swift‐silver‐ion irradiation was explored as a means of forming chemically active sites on the surface of biaxially oriented polypropylene films. The active species, formed in air, was used to induce the graft copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate in an aqueous solution. The surface structure, crystallinity, morphology, and hydrophilicity of the grafted samples were characterized with Fourier transform infrared, UV, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and contact‐angle measurements. Glycidyl methacrylate could be grafted onto biaxially oriented polypropylene after swift‐heavy‐ion irradiation without an additional initiator. The contact angle of the modified films decreased with the grafting percentage of glycidyl methacrylate on the polypropylene. The swift silver ions induced significant grafting only in small regions (i.e., the latent tracks) of the polymer. Furthermore, as the fluence of swift heavy ions increased beyond an optimum value, the overlapping of the latent tracks reduced the grafting yield. The observed findings could be very useful in developing an initiator‐free grafting system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Preparation and characterization of biaxially oriented films from polybutylene terephthalate based thermoplastic elastomer block copolymers

Film casting and biaxial stretching of a series of polyester thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) were studied. Biaxial orientation in the stretched films was characterized by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and birefringence measurements. Biaxial orientation factors were determined. The X‐ray diffraction and birefringence clearly indicated the development of planar biaxial orientation in the stretched films with biaxial stretching. The phenyl groups in the stretched PBT and TPE films gradually became more parallel to the film surfaces with increasing biaxial orientation. The lower the PBT content in the stretched TPE films, the lower the planar biaxial orientation achieved. The β form of crystalline PBT was found only in the stretched PBT films, but not in the TPE films.     

Probe segregation and Tg determination of a supported ultra‐thin polystyrene film studied by X‐ray and neutron reflectivity,and SIMS

Selective deuteration combined with X‐ray and neutron reflectivity has been used to determine the extent of probe segregation to an interface in ultra‐thin polymer films as a function of the number of thermal cycles. The extent of probe segregation to the interface was also investigated using Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS). Significant probe segregation was not evident in these studies. X‐ray reflectivity has also been employed to measure the coefficient of thermal expansion of ultra‐thin polystyrene films supported on quartz. The glass transition temperature determined with this method is equivalent to that measured for bulk polystyrene films.     

Impact of Stoichiometry on Structural and Optical Properties of Sputter Deposited Multicomponent Tellurite Glass Films

Multicomponent TeO₂–Bi₂O₃–ZnO (TBZ) glass thin films were prepared using RF magnetron sputtering under different oxygen flow rates. The influences of oxygen flow rate on the structural and optical properties of the resulting thin films were investigated. We observed that thin films sputtered in an oxygen‐rich environment are optically transparent while those sputtered in an oxygen‐deficient environment exhibit broadband absorption. The structural origin of the optical property variation was studied using X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy which revealed that the presence of under‐coordinated Te leads to the observed optical absorption in oxygen‐deficient films.     

Effect of Switching Atmospheric Conditions during Crystallization on the Phase Evolution of Solution‐Derived Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films

The crystallization behavior of solution‐derived lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films in different atmospheric environments was studied using in situ X‐ray diffraction. The stability of the transient intermetallic Pt₃Pb phase and perovskite PZT is dependent on oxygen partial pressure during crystallization. Based on the relationship between oxygen partial pressure and the resultant phase stability of intermediate phases, a new route to produce PZT thin films was developed. The new route involves switching atmospheres during crystallization and is shown to mitigate the formation of the transient intermetallic Pt₃Pb phase and to promote the perovskite PZT phase. The route evidences a new and significant variable controlling film synthesis and film microstructure.     

Structure and imidization of polyamic acid salt Langmuir–Blodgett films

Polyimide Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) films were prepared with a Pyromellitic dianhydride‐4, 4′ oxydianiline precursor, and the properties of the polyamic acid salt monolayer characterized by different methods. The π‐A relationship revealed that the precursor monolayer exhibits anisotropy on the water surface, the Wilhelmy plate being more sensitive to pressure when it is perpendicular to the compression direction. FTIR results showed that polyamic acid salt LB films have lower imidization energy than the corresponding painting films and can be imidized at lower temperature. The molecular arrangement in the LB films was studied by X‐ray diffraction and polarized FTIR, showing that the polyamic acid salt LB film is of Y‐type, in which the molecules are highly oriented, with the main chain lying parallel to the substrate and the long fatty acid chains stretching out at a certain angle. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of glycerol on structure–property relations in chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide) blended films investigated using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction

Polymer blending is an effective method for providing desirable polymeric materials with properties useful for the packaging industry. In the study reported, blends of chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were prepared in various weight ratios with and without glycerol. Line profile analysis of the X‐ray diffraction patterns of these blended films was carried out. Microstructural parameters such as crystallite size and lattice strain were determined using paracrystalline modelling of X‐ray data. These values were correlated with physico‐mechanical and optical properties of the chitosan/PEO blends with and without glycerol to understand the holistic behaviour of the blends. Two prominent Bragg reflections at 2θ ≈ 19° and 23° were observed in the wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction patterns of the glycerol‐based chitosan/PEO blended films of various ratios. Interruption of PEO crystallization with chitosan results in an amorphous polymer network and hence a reduction in crystallite size by almost 97.7%. For glycerol‐based blends, the crystallite size/area decreases to 94.4% of the virgin crystallite size. The X‐ray profile analysis supports the results for the physico‐mechanical properties of the blends. The results show that the addition of 20 wt% of glycerol results in an increase of the elongation at break by more than 150%, meaning that these chitosan/PEO films could be applied in flexible packaging. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of poly(vinylidene fluoride) interface layer on charge storage and residual potential in amorphous selenium films

Thermally stimulated discharge current and the potential decay behavior of amorphous selenium (a‐Se) films (～ 100 μm thick) were studied as a function of the thickness of a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) interface barrier layer in the range 2000–8000 Å. The incorporation of a PVDF layer into an a‐Se film resulted in (1) a considerable reduction in its charge storage capacity, (2) a considerable increase in its initial surface potential, and (3) a considerable reduction in its residual potential and the enhancement of its X‐ray sensitivity. These effects were attributed to the blocking and field‐enhanced mobility role of the PVDF interface barrier layer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1962–1966, 2004