高电活性石墨烯/聚苯胺纳米复合材料的制备和表征

采用了一种简单有效地方法制备了高电活性的石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料。首先,将苯胺在氧化石墨烯（GO）的水性分散液中氧化聚合,制备了氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺（GO/PANI）,再将GO/PANI与水合肼反应,制得还原-氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺（R（GO/PANI））。利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）,热失重分析（TGA）和循环伏安法（CV）对GO/PANI和R（GO/PANI的形貌,热稳定性和电化学性能进行了分析研究。结果表明,GO表面存PANI,且R（GO/PANI）的热稳定性和电活性都明显高于GO/PANI。     

改性氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺防腐材料的制备及性能

用双子表面活性剂(GS)对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行插层改性,制备了改性氧化石墨烯(GSGO),再以苯胺(An)为单体,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,通过原位聚合法制备了GSGO/PANI复合材料,最后利用GSGO/PANI与水性醇酸树脂(WAR)共混得到了GSGO/PANI/WAR防腐涂层。采用FTIR、Raman、XRD和SEM等对GSGO和复合材料的形貌、结构进行了表征。结果表明,GS插入到GO的片层中,使得GO的层间距增大,且棒状的聚苯胺分散在GO的片层中,形成片状插层结构。动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱测试表明,GSGO/PANI/WAR复合涂层比纯WAR涂层具有更高的耐腐蚀性能。当复合涂层中GSGO含量为10%(以An的质量为基准,下同)时,GSGO/PANI/WAR-2涂层的耐腐蚀性能最好,极化电阻为7.98×107?·cm2;腐蚀速率为1.26×10–4 mm/a,阻抗值|Z|可达到5.25×106?·cm2。与纯WAR相比,其腐蚀电流密度从9.82×10–6A/cm2减小至1.08×10–8 A/cm2,腐蚀电位从–0.56 V增加到–0.28 V。     

聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯接枝复合材料的制备及电容性能研究

利用化学氧化法原位聚合制备了聚苯胺(PANI)/氧化石墨烯(GO)接枝复合材料。透射电子显微镜表明,PANI纳米颗粒均匀地分布在GO的表面;通过UV-vis光谱证实了GO和PANI之间存在着强烈的相互作用;充放电测试表明,PANI/GO纳米复合材料具有良好的电荷储存特性,最高比电容可达575 F/g。由于与GO之间的化学结合作用,PANI的充放电循环稳定性得到明显提高。     

电化学法制备聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯复合膜及电容性能研究

利用电化学聚合法在导电玻璃ITO上原位制备了聚苯胺(PANI)/氧化石墨烯(GO)复合物薄膜。扫描电子显微镜表明,PANI/GO复合物呈颗粒状分布在ITO的表面;通过UV-vis光谱证实了GO和PANI之间存在着强烈的相互作用;充放电测试表明,PANI/GO复合膜具有良好的电荷储存特性,最高比电容可达265F/g,且具有较高的循环稳定性。     

聚苯胺/活性炭复合材料的共价键构筑及电容性能

导电聚苯胺(PANI)与活性炭(AC)构筑复合电极材料是当前制备高性能超级电容器电极材料的热点研究方向。其关键点之一是制备出炭与PANI两种材料均匀分散、且具有相当牢固强度连接界面的复合材料。为此,以AC为基材,对其进行功能化处理后,将苯胺在其表面原位聚合,获得具有界面共价键连接的PANI/AC复合材料(PANI–c–AC)复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜、元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射仪及电化学工作站等测试并研究其结构与电容性能。结果表明,具有界面共价键连接的PANI–c–AC复合材料比电容值(393.3 F/g)最高,既优于单一AC(111.8 F/g)与PANI(296.2 F/g),也优于无共价键连接的PANI–AC复合材料(360.5 F/g)。     

溶胶–凝胶法和水热法制备TiO_2–GO及其光催化降解UDMH的对比

分别采用溶胶–凝胶法和水热法制得Ti O2–GO(氧化石墨烯)复合材料,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV–vis DRS)等对其进行表征,并将制备的Ti O2–GO复合材料用于降解偏二甲肼(UDMH)废液。结果表明:溶胶凝胶法制备的Ti O2–GO中Ti O2颗粒尺寸较大、比表面积小,颗粒将GO覆盖,使GO吸附作用弱化;而水热法制备的Ti O2–GO中Ti O2颗粒尺寸小,比表面积大,在GO表面分散性好,GO吸附作用较强;溶胶凝胶法、水热法制备的Ti O2–GO对20 mg/L UDMH废水的2 h降解率分别为73.93%、79.34%,水热法制备的Ti O2–GO催化性能较好。     

原位聚合法制备PANI/RGO导电复合材料的性能

采用原位聚合法制备聚苯胺(PANI)、PANI/氧化石墨烯(GO)复合材料和PANI/还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)复合材料。利用四探针测试仪、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)仪、热重(TG)分析仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对PANI及PANI/GO复合材料和PANI/RGO复合材料进行表征。电导率测试结果表明,当加入GO质量分数为50%时,先还原后聚合法制得PANI/RGO复合材料的导电率可达9.916 S/cm,RGO能有效提高复合材料的导电性;XRD和FTIR分析结果表明,GO和RGO都能较好分散在PANI中;TG分析结果表明,将GO还原为RGO后在小于250℃时能有效提高复合材料的热稳定性。通过原位聚合法能将GO和RGO较好分散在PANI中,形成较好的插层型复合材料,尤其是先还原后聚合法制得的PANI/RGO复合材料具有较好的导电性和热稳定性。     

GS改性氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺防腐材料的制备及性能

用双子表面活性剂(GS)通过静电作用对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行插层改性制备了改性氧化石墨烯(GSGO),再以苯胺(An)为单体,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,通过原位聚合法制备了GSGO/PANI复合材料。最后利用GSGO/PANI与水性醇酸树脂(WAR)共混得到了GSGO/PANI/WAR防腐涂层。采用FTIR,Raman,XRD和SEM等测试手段对GSGO和复合材料的形貌、结构进行了表征,结果表明,GS插入到GO的片层中,使得GSGO的层间距增大,且棒状的聚苯胺分散在GO的片层中,形成片状插层结构。动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱测试表明,GSGO/PANI/WAR 复合涂层比纯WAR涂层具有更高的耐腐蚀性能。当复合涂层中w(GSGO)=10% 时,涂层的耐腐蚀性能最好。腐蚀电流密度从9.82?10-6A/cm2减小至1.08?10-6A/cm2,腐蚀电从-0.56V增加到-0.28V,|Z|值可达到5.25?106 ohm.cm2。     

3D石墨烯/聚苯胺的制备及电学性能研究

采用石墨烯/聚苯胺(rGO/PANI)复合物制备超级电容器,以弥补二者各自的不足。改进了Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO)。采用原位聚合法制备出PANI,最后利用水热法制备出rGO/PANI复合物。得到的复合材料的比电容最高值达198 F·g~(-1),明显比rGO的比电容(52 F·g~(-1))值高。此外,循环1 000圈后,复合材料的电容量衰减5%。     

PANI/石墨烯复合材料的制备和电容性能研究

以氧化石墨烯(GO)为氧化剂,在不加其它任何氧化剂的条件下,实现了苯胺的原位氧化聚合反应。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了复合材料的结构和形貌,并对复合材料的电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明,苯胺单体吸附在GO表面聚合,制备了一种"三明治"结构的复合物;复合材料表现了优良的电化学性能,当苯胺和GO的质量比为5∶1时,在0.5A/g的电流密度下,复合材料的比电容为624.2F/g,高于纯聚苯胺(PANI)的比电容;循环500次后,电容量保持率为79.6%,表现了良好的循环稳定性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。