含不同固化剂的EP/T–ZnOw复合材料的性能

研究加入不同固化剂T31和JA–1后对环氧树脂(EP)/四针状氧化锌晶须(T–ZnOw)复合材料性能的影响。测试了复合材料的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、导热性能和介电强度。结果表明,JA–1固化体系的力学性能和介电强度比T31固化体系更优越。当T–ZnOw含量为5份时,加入JA–1及T31固化剂时EP/T–ZnOw复合材料的拉伸强度最大值分别是31.4 MPa和27.6 MPa;加入JA–1固化剂时,当T–ZnOw含量为3份时EP/T–ZnOw复合材料的缺口冲击强度最高达到29.5 kJ/m2,加入T31固化剂的复合材料的缺口冲击强度基本在10 kJ/m2以内;当T–ZnOw含量为5份时加入JA–1和T31固化剂后复合材料的介电强度分别比纯EP增加了116%和106.7%。复合材料中加入T31固化剂后的导热性能要比JA–1固化剂的稍好。     

偶联剂对聚丁烯–1/碳酸钙复合材料性能的影响

采用硅烷、铝酸酯和钛酸酯偶联剂对碳酸钙进行表面处理,并以聚丁烯–1为基体制备了聚丁烯–1/碳酸钙复合材料,研究了这3种偶联剂对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,钛酸酯和铝酸酯偶联剂对碳酸钙改性的效果最好,其中铝酸酯偶联剂改性的碳酸钙接触角最大,对复合材料的增韧效果最明显,当铝酸酯偶联剂改性的用量为碳酸钙的1.5%时,改性后的碳酸钙接触角可达162.4°,相应的复合材料缺口冲击强度由未改性时的21.5 k J/m2提高至31.7 k J/m2。对铝酸酯偶联剂改性碳酸钙填充的复合材料的结晶性能及微观结构进行了分析与表征,发现铝酸酯偶联剂改性碳酸钙能够提高聚丁烯–1的结晶度,在基体内形成紧密堆积的细小球晶;铝酸酯偶联剂改性碳酸钙在聚丁烯–1中的分散性较佳,无明显团聚现象,与聚丁烯–1界面结合能力强,能够吸收形变功,提高复合材料的韧性。     

家具用PP基木塑复合材料的制备与力学性能

以聚丙烯(PP)为木塑复合材料基体,分别加入4种增强剂和3种增韧剂,通过共混挤出制备PP基木塑复合材料,研究了4种增强剂含量和粒径以及3种增韧剂含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着增强剂含量增加,复合材料的弯曲强度表现出先升后降趋势,随着增强剂粒径减小,复合材料的弯曲强度提高,增强效果从高到低依次为硅灰石、滑石粉、碳酸钙和硫酸钡;当硅灰石粒径为10μm、质量分数为15%时,复合材料具有最优的拉伸、弯曲以及缺口冲击强度。增韧剂乙烯–辛烯共聚物(POE)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)和苯乙烯–丁二烯–苯乙烯共聚物(SBS)可以大幅提高复合材料的缺口冲击强度,增韧效果从高到低依次为POE,EPDM和SBS。当粒径为10μm的硅灰石和POE质量分数分别为15%和20%时,复合材料综合力学性能最好,缺口冲击强度为17.61 k J/m2、拉伸强度为27.65 MPa、弯曲强度为30.28 MPa,其弯曲强度优于目前常用木质人造板材,可满足家具行业应用。     

有机磷酸盐成核剂粒径对PP性能的影响

通过调控反溶剂法中的转速、反溶剂与溶剂配比、溶液浓度等条件制备了不同粒径的2,2’–亚甲基双(4,6–二叔丁基苯基)磷酸钠(NA–40)成核剂,考察了NA–40粒径对等规聚丙烯(i PP)力学性能的影响,并利用差示扫描量热(DSC)仪研究了NA–40粒径对i PP结晶性能的影响。结果表明,随着NA–40粒径的增加,NA–40对i PP力学性能的改善作用变弱。NA–40平均粒径为(17.7±2.2)μm时,i PP/NA–40–1的弯曲弹性模量、弯曲强度和拉伸强度与纯i PP相比,分别提高了44.5%,20.5%和8.3%,相应的缺口冲击强度有所降低;当NA–40平均粒径为(52.6±1.1)μm时,i PP/NA–40–4的弯曲弹性模量、弯曲强度和拉伸强度的增幅分别降至16.8%,2.3%和6.4%。在较低的降温速率下,NA–40粒径对结晶峰值温度(Tc)的影响不明显,提高降温速率对Tc的影响开始显现。用扫描电子显微镜观察NA–40形貌发现,NA–40呈棒状,加工过程影响NA–40粒径,但对NA–40形貌没有影响。利用偏光显微镜观察NA–40在i PP熔体中的分散性,粒径较小的NA–40能够均匀分散在i PP熔体中,而粒径较大的分散性差,大大降低了NA–40的有效成核浓度,影响了NA–40对i PP力学性能及结晶性能的改善作用。     

聚碳酸酯回收料的增韧改性

研究了市售的两种增韧剂对聚碳酸酯(PC)回收料力学性能的影响。结果表明,两种增韧剂均能大幅提高PC回收料的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率,当两种增韧剂的质量分数均为6%时,PC回收料的冲击强度由21 kJ/m2均提高至60 kJ/m2左右,断裂伸长率也从15%提高至100%以上,增韧效果明显,但拉伸强度有所下降。同时,考察了两种增韧剂对PC回收料低温韧性的影响,动态力学性能研究表明,牌号为B–31的增韧剂能明显改善PC回收料的低温韧性。     

几种聚烯烃增韧剂的增韧性能比较

使用废PP编织袋回收料时 ,冲击强度低、韧性低是最大的障碍。为克服这一矛盾 ,作者研究了SBS、EAA、EVA、SIS和POE这几种聚烯烃增韧剂对废PP编织袋回收料的改性效果。研究结果表明 ,当增韧剂加入量为11phr时 ,SIS的增韧效果最好 ,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度为13.4kJ/m2,比新的无规共聚PP1330的缺口冲击强度10.8kJ/m2 还高 ;EAA最低 ,其缺口冲击强度还达不到均聚PP1300的缺口冲击强度5.8kJ/m2;其他几种增韧材料的冲击强度在1300和1330之间。对POE来说 ,当用量达到20phr时 ,冲击强度迅速增加 ,达到15.2kJ/m2 的最高值     

环氧树脂对PP/EPDM-g-MAH力学性能与形态结构的影响

将未固化的环氧树脂与不同比例的PP/EPDM-g-MAH共混挤出,得到复合材料。通过力学性能测试、动态力学性能分析(DMA)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)以及扫描电镜(SEM),研究了环氧树脂对共混物力学性能与形态结构的影响。结果表明:当PP/EPDM-g-MAH为80/20时,环氧树脂的加入能极大地提高共混物的缺口冲击强度,加入3%的环氧树脂,PP/EPDM-g-MAH(80/20)共混体系的缺口冲击强度从17.5 kJ/m2提高到62.47kJ/m2;在全体系中,环氧树脂的加入对拉伸性能影响较小,使EPDM-g-MAH分散相尺寸变小,在基体中分布更均匀。     

超细Fe粉改性聚甲醛的研究

研究了超细Fe粉对聚甲醛（POM）的改性效果,结果表明：Fe粉粒径越小增强增韧效果越好,粒径为140 nm的Fe粉增强效果优于粒径为1 μm的Fe粉。分散剂TAS-2A的分散效果最好,其用量为Fe粉含量1.5 %~2.0 %时效果最佳。钛酸酯偶联剂处理Fe粉效果优于硅烷类偶联剂,其中钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-201最适合POM/Fe复合材料,其用量为Fe粉含量的2.0 %时效果最好。Fe粉含量为4 %时,POM/Fe/ NDZ-201复合材料的冲击强度达到9.6 kJ/m2,较纯POM提高4.6 kJ/m2。     

PP／EPDM热塑性弹性体动态光交联制备法研究

采用动态光交联法制备了3种不同类型的PP/三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)热塑性弹性体,探讨了PP的结构及化学组成、动态光交联时间对PP/EPDM热塑性弹性体性能的影响。力学性能、扫描电镜、动态力学热分析、熔体流动速率等测试结果表明,PP的结构及化学组成对体系性能的影响显著,H_2P/EPDM热塑性弹性体的综合性能最佳。而动态光交联能明显提高体系的相容性,进而大幅度提高体系的力学性能。H_2P_(70)V_0的拉伸强度为17．3 MPa,缺口冲击强度为34．9 kJ/m~2,而H_2p_(70)V_(60)的拉伸强度为21．2 MPa,缺口冲击强度为66．3 kJ/m~2,拉伸强度提高20％,缺口冲击强度提高近1倍。     

成核剂对聚甲醛结构与性能的影响

利用差示扫描量热仪、偏光显微镜和力学性能测试研究了不同成核剂对聚甲醛(POM)结构和性能的影响。结果表明,选用的无机成核剂均能有效地减小POM球晶尺寸,提高POM的结晶峰温度及缺口冲击强度,其中以滑石粉的成核效果最为显著。滑石粉使POM最大结晶温度由141.2℃提高到145.5℃,球晶平均尺寸约为未加成核剂的POM球晶尺寸的1/4,缺口冲击强度从5.12 kJ/m2增加到6.21 kJ/m2。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997