Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature based on a long period fiber grating inscribed in a photonic crystal fiber with an electric-arc discharge

A novel fiber sensor composed by two single mode fibers and long period fiber grating based on a photonic crystal fiber prepared by periodic discharge heating has been experimentally investigated to measure refractive index and temperature. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer was formed due to the presence of two fusion spliced collapsed regions in the photonic crystal fiber. The resonance dip and interference pattern were differently influenced by the ambient disturbance, so the dual-parameters were simultaneously measured by analyzing the characteristics of transmission spectrum. After the experimental measurements, refractive index and temperature sensitivities of 117.28?nm/RIU and ?86.29?pm/°C were realized. Therefore, the reported sensor with advantages of easy fabrication, simple structure, and small size has the potential for simultaneous refractive index and temperature measurements involving biochemical sensing applications.     

High-precision grating sensor demodulation device's network interface based on DM9000A

High-precision fiber Bragg grating se nsor demodulation instrument with wide-range dynamic scanning can effectivel y improve the measuring range of the optical fiber grating sensor.Ethernet com munication module is an extremely important part of the high-precision grating sensor demodulation device.Network interface based on Ethernet control chip D M9000A is used to send and receive the Bragg grating sensing pulse.The network transformer YL18-2050S is used to convert and filter the pulse from network.The transmitting and receiving program of grating demodulation,hardware circuit of Ethernet transmission interface are designed.The experimental results show that the network interface can achieve accurate and real-time transmissi on of the grating sensing information at high speed.     

光纤传感器在涡轮轴向位移检测中的应用研究

以光纤传感原理为基础，采用一种强度补偿型反射式光纤位移传感器，借助光纤本身的优势，实现涡轮机轴向位移的实时监测。系统包括光源及其驱动电路、光纤传输通道、信号处理电路和信号输出系统。通过双路接收的方法消除因光源发光功率波动、光纤损耗变化以及环境干扰光等因素对测量结果的影响。采用稳压源驱动和温度补偿保证光源发光的稳定性，进行转速监测以补偿速度变化引起的误差。采用单片机完成被测信号的识别和处理，提高了测量的精度。     

Optical temperature sensor based on ZnO thin film's temperature-dependent optical properties

A reflective fiber temperature sensor system based on the ZnO thin film is proposed. The transmittance spectra and temperature dependent optical property of the sensing head with ZnO thin film is investigated theoretically and experimentally, and the temperature resolution of ～1?°C is obtained in the temperature region of 300-773 K. The temperature sensing system is only related to the wavelength shift of transmittance spectra, and has a high stability without depending on the incident light intensity. This research results also indicate a fiber optical sensor with a broad temperature measurement range (10-1800 K) can be gained as a promising temperature sensing device, and can be applied into some extremely environments, such as aircraft, nuclear power station and power transmission system, and so on.     

Novel torsion sensor using a polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber loop mirror

A novel torsion sensor employing a short length of polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber was inserted into the fiber loop mirror with an output probe. The sensing scheme was described theoretically by a Jones matrix and experimentally demonstrated. The results showed that the sensitivity of the intensity loss in response to the twist angle may be up to 0.0394 dB/° and a resolution of 0.025° was achieved. This torsion sensor is attractive due to its compact size, insensitivity to temperature, and suitability for longer distance transmission than conventional sensors.     

光纤光栅传感网络的冲击定位方法

针对航空航天层合板结构冲击与振动监测的需求,提出一种基于小波包分解方法和分布式光纤光栅传感网络的板状结构低速冲击辨识方法。根据四边固支板结构的承载形式与光纤光栅传感器的感知特性,设计合理的传感器网络布局,再利用快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transformation,简称FFT)与小波包分解对光纤光栅传感网络监测到的冲击响应信号进行时频域分析,获取能表征冲击特性的时域特征分解信号。在此基础上,分别计算出每一个特征分解信号与其对应的时域原始信号之间的互相关系数,并将其做为相似度分配权值,分解出所有样本冲击点对应冲击响应信号的特征分解信号,构建样本信息库。利用Haudorff距离计算测试信号与样本信息库各个信号之间的相似度,并根据相似度来确定冲击点的位置坐标。研究表明,该方法能够实现对航空航天层合板结构低速冲击位置的辨识。     

适合于土压力测试的新型光纤光栅传感器性能研究

土压力测量是土力学研究要点,传统土压力传感器因不具备长期稳定、耐久性和抗电磁干扰等功能无法满足结构监测要求.光纤光栅,因有精度高、体积小、耐腐蚀等优点,被作为传感元件,设计了一种新型光纤光栅土压力传感器,理论分析其测压原理及可行性,并以实验方式对该传感器性能进行校核.研究表明:此光纤光栅土压力传感器的温度自补偿功能、线性度和重复性、总精度等都较好,满足工程需求,能用于岩土工程结构的长期健康监测.     

高空间分辨率分布式光纤测温系统的设计及应用

分布式光纤测温系统是一种新型的线型感温探测器,以光纤作为传感器,可实现沿光纤分布的温度实时测量。理论分析了分布式光纤测温系统的原理以及影响空间分辨率指标的因素,并给出了0.5m高空间分辨率分布式光纤测温系统的设计以及测试情况。将高空间分辨率分布式光纤测温系统应用于电缆温度测量,测量结果表明0.5m空间分辨率下对小区域电缆过热点的探测更为显著,可及时发现潜在的火灾隐患。     

老化处理对塑料光纤传感器光传输及灵敏度的影响

为了提高正规包层-纤芯类倏逝波塑料光纤传感器的灵敏度,本文对传感器敏感区在真空和水浴中进行了老化处理。老化处理时,先将光纤部分区域的保护层去除;然后将这种裸光纤作为传感器的敏感区,对其进行真空和蒸馏水老化处理。对比研究了传感器敏感区经真空和蒸馏水老化不同时间后的光传输特性及灵敏度,分析了老化处理对传感器光传输特性与灵敏度的影响机理。研究表明:老化处理后,塑料光纤纤芯折射率及材料成分发生了变化,由此改变了光纤内部光传输模式及光纤表面有效倏逝场透射深度与传播长度,从而降低了传感器的光传输性能。传感器对葡萄糖溶液的灵敏度随着老化时间的延长先增大后减少,在真空中105℃老化处理20min后的灵敏度达到最高-0.004 2/g·(100mL)-1,高于蒸馏水老化处理后的传感器灵敏度。研究结果对高灵敏度正规包层-纤芯类塑料光纤倏逝波传感器的研制提供了技术支撑。     

Small diameter fiber Bragg gratings and applications

Small diameter optical fibers are preferred in sensing systems as they have less influence on mechanical performance of smart composite. The static and dynamic monitoring capabilities of the small-diameter fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are experimentally studied in this paper. Firstly, a small-diameter FBG is used as a strain sensor. Secondly, a temperature sensor is fabricated using a specific FBG. Thirdly, a simple sensing system is proposed in order to discriminate temperature at sensing point. Finally, utilization of these small diameter FBGs for vibration monitoring is discussed. The experiments revealed that the central wavelengths of the small-diameter fiber Bragg gratings shift linearly with strain or temperature. The FBG is more sensitive than a thermocouple inside the thermostat. Acquisition and analysis of the dynamic signal indicates that the designed FBG can be used for dynamic signal monitoring.     

用于复合材料蒙皮的FBG正交传感网络研究

为了实现对复合材料蒙皮的结构健康监测与损伤识别,本文在对光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)应变传感器理论分析的基础上,结合CFRP材料特性和波分复用技术设计了一种由16个FBG传感器构成的光纤光栅正交传感网络布局,对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)蒙皮进行相关准分布式传感网络研究。通过对复合材料中心位置进行逐级加载实验,并提取中心波长漂移量做相关性分析,证明了正交对称FBG传感网络对CFRP蒙皮进行结构健康监测的可行性,同时对称布局位置处的FBG传感器信号具有高度相关性质,相关系数可高达0.9996。实验结果为进一步研究准分布式FBG网络的位置布局优化以及传感网络的可靠性冗余设计提供了依据。     

拼接镜主动光学面形控制的研究

为了实现对拼接式望远镜各子镜的主动控制,建立了正六边形子镜拼接的面形控制方程。研究了传感器的安装位置对面形控制的影响。首先,根据子镜之间相对位置的测量要求确定了主动控制所采取的方式。接着,建立了由3个正六边形子镜组成的拼接镜的面形控制方程,并分析了传感器的安装位置对面形控制的影响,提出了传感器沿垂直镜缝方向错位安装的方法。最后,分析了该方法对于拼接子镜扩展的适用性。分析表明,对于边长0.9m,对角线长1.8m的子镜,传感器错开0.02m安装就能够准确检测子镜之间的位置变化,并给出了正确的促动器调整信息。能够满足拼接镜主动面形实时、高精度控制等要求。     

应用于定位的光纤振动传感技术的发展现状

利用光纤作为传感器提取沿途振动信号,通过对检测信号的处理和分析,可有效地检测和定位发生的故障或入侵行为等。分布式光纤振动传感器利用光波在光纤中传输时相位、偏振等对振动的敏感特性,连续实时地监测光纤附近的振动,并能够定位预防事故,有较好的应用前景。根据传感原理,分布式光纤振动传感技术可分为基于干涉原理和基于后向散射探测技术两类。该文主要从以上两个方面综述分布式振动传感器的主要技术和发展动态。     

IDEs1-3型压电纤维传感元件的性能研究与仿真

分析了叉指形电极(IDEs)1-3型压电纤维复合材料传感元件的结构特点和电场特性,构建了压电纤维传感元件的本构方程,并建立了IDEs1-3型压电纤维传感元件的有限元模型,探索了IDEs关键尺寸和压电纤维直径及间隔对传感元件传感性能的影响.结果表明:该传感元件X向产生的电位移大小约为Y向产生电位移大小的3倍,正交异性更加明显,能清楚区分不同方向的应力波;选择合适的纤维间隔,减小电极中心距、电极面宽度和纤维直径能有效的改善传感元件的传感性能.     

长周期光纤光栅及其在通信传感领域的新应用

长周期光纤光栅是一种新型光纤器件。介绍了长周期光纤光栅的耦合机理、制备方法以及应用。其耦合机理是前向传输的纤芯基模与前向传输的各阶包层模式之间的耦合。制备原理是对光纤横向曝光,使光纤的折射率指数在轴向发生周期性变化。阐明了长周期光纤光栅用于带通滤波、光上下路复用、光纤光源、光纤耦合、偏振器件、新型传感等新技术领域的思路,给出了具体实现方法。并通过与其他方案对比,说明了基于长周期光纤光栅器件的优点,肯定了长周期光纤光栅在通信传感领域的价值。     

纤芯失配的光纤Mach-Zehnder折射率传感器

基于Mach-Zehnder干涉仪原理,利用光纤错位熔接技术设计并制作了一种单模光纤-多模光纤-单模光纤-错位熔接点-单模光纤结构的液体折射率传感器。传感器中的多模光纤和错位连接部分充当光耦合器;多模光纤在后面的单模光纤的纤芯和包层中激发出纤芯模和包层模,不同的模式有不同的模式折射率,经中间单模光纤传输到错位熔接点处时,不同模式光之间将产生光程差,经错位熔接点耦合成为导出光纤的纤芯模从而产生干涉。对该传感器输出的干涉光谱中干涉谷功率随外界溶液折射率变化的规律进行了理论分析和实验研究。结果表明：溶液折射率变化为1.358 9~1.392 2时,干涉谱中1 530 nm附近的干涉谷光功率与溶液折射率呈单调递增关系,可用于折射率的测量;折射率变化为1.372 0~1.392 2时,传感器响应曲线具有很好的线性度,线性拟合系数为0.998,对应的灵敏度为252.06 dB/RIU。该传感器制作简单、结构紧凑、成本低、灵敏度高,可用于生物医学领域液体折射率的实时测量。     

Visualization of microfibrillar elements in cross‐section of polyacrylonitrile fiber along the fiber spinning line

The microfibrils served as the structural elements in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber, which played an important role in the quality of the PAN precursor fibers. Their morphologies were examined by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The microfibrils existed in all of PAN fibers and arranged evenly in the cross‐sections. Furthermore, the pores existed between the microfibrils. The unoriented microfibrillar network was already formed in nascent fiber during coagulated process. Although the microfibrillar network was elongated and the microfibrils oriented along the fiber longitudinal direction during the spinning process, the interconnected microfibrillar network was still existed in the fiber transverse section. Furthermore, the transverse connection of the microfibrils was reinforced and the small microfibrils were tended to aggregate into the large fibrils. For mechanical performance of PAN fibers, their tensile strength increased to 708 MPa and the elongation at break decreased to 15.5%. PAN fibers exhibited ductile rupture during the mechanical test and the microfibrils served as reinforcing elements.     

二维光纤位移传感器

本文介绍了一种新型强度补偿型二维光纤位移传感器。这种传感器的测量探头由３根呈正三角形分布、型号相同的光纤组成，其中两根光纤用于测量探头位置，另外一根光纤提供功率补偿。利用这种传感器，不仅可以测得探头正三角形中心相对于照明光纤中心的位移，还可以进一步给出二维坐标（ｘ，ｙ）。除此而外，这种传感器还可以消除光源功率波动对测量的影响，提高测量精度。     

Optimal designing of multiple deferred state sampling plan for assuring percentile life under Weibull distribution

Continuous carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide ceramic matrix composites (C/SiC) are promising materials in aerospace and space optical fields due to their excellent properties. However, poor machining quality resulted from surface/subsurface breakage is hard to meet precision requirements of some components. With an objective to study surface/subsurface breakage formation mechanism and improve machining quality of C/SiC composites, ultrasonic assisted grinding (UAG) and conventional grinding (CG) tests with a defined diamond grain distribution brazed grinding wheel were conducted. The surface/subsurface breakage types and formation mechanism were studied by comparative analysis of grinding force, micro-morphology of grinding surface/subsurface, and ground surface roughness. The results showed that main breakage types of different angle fibers in ground surface were lamellar brittle fracture and pit group originating from fracture and pullout of fibers, while breakage types of different angles fibers in ground surface were brittle fracture. Compared to CG, these breakages were reduced by UAG in varying degrees because it can reduce grinding force that determined fiber breakage. Consequently, because of the lower fiber breakages, the ground surface roughness Sa obtained by UAG was lower than CG and the maximum reduction was 12%.     

A SVM-based pipeline leakage detection and pre-warning system

A SVM-based pipeline leakage detection and pre-warning system is presented in this paper. In the system an optical cable is laid in parallel with a pipeline in the same ditch and three single mode optical fibers inside constitute the distributed vibration sensor. The sensor is based on Mach–Zehnder optical fiber interferometer and can detect the vibration signals along a pipeline in real time. Then the eigenvectors of vibration signals are extracted by “energy-pattern” method based on wavelet packet decomposition. Subsequently the vibration signals are recognized by support vector machine (SVM) through the features so that it can judge whether any abnormal event is taking place. If any abnormal event is found along a pipeline, the location is thus calculated. A series of trials in situ have been done, showing that the system is of good accuracy and real time performance both in recognition and locating.