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Julie A. Montagnac Christopher R. Davis Sherry A. Tanumihardjo 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2009,8(1):17-27
ABSTRACT: Cassava is a valuable source of food for developing countries, but it contains highly toxic cyanogen compounds and antinutrients. Cyanogens are found in 3 forms in cassava: cyanogenic glucoside (95% linamarin and 5% lotaustratin), cyanohydrins, and free cyanide. Different processing techniques exist to remove cyanogens and their effectiveness depends on the processing steps and the sequence utilized, and it often is time‐dependent. Pounding or crushing is the most effective for cyanogenic glucoside removal because it ruptures cell compartments, thus allowing direct contact between linamarin and the enzyme linamarase that catalyzes the hydrolytic breakdown. Crushing and sun‐drying cassava roots made into flour removes 96% to 99% of total cyanogens, whereas soaking and sun‐drying into lafun or fufu, or soaking and fermenting and roasting into gari or farina, removes about 98% of cyanogens. For cassava leaves, which have 10 times more cyanogens than roots, pounding and boiling in water is an efficient process to remove about 99% of cyanogens. Other strategies to reduce toxicity include development of low‐cyanogen cassava varieties and cassava transgenic lines with accelerated cyanogenesis during processing. Although phytate and polyphenols have antioxidant properties, they interfere with digestion and uptake of nutrients. Fermentation and oven‐drying are efficient processing methods to remove phytate (85.6%) and polyphenols (52%), respectively, from cassava roots. Sun‐drying the leaves, with or without prior steaming or shredding, removes about 60% phytate. Cassava is a nutritionally strategic famine crop for developing countries and, therefore, reducing its toxicity and improving its nutritional value is crucial. 相似文献
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木薯块根的营养价值及消化性能 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
《食品研究与开发》2015,(20)
木薯是世界三大薯类之一,目前主要用于饲料、粮食和工业原料,了解木薯的营养价值及其消化性能有利于木薯产品的开发和利用,本文着重介绍了木薯块根的营养成分、抗营养特性及其消化性能等,为木薯的加工利用提供参考。 相似文献
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大蒜的营养价值与食疗保健 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
大蒜是人们日常饮食中常用的调味品,它虽作为辅料,但它的营养价值与食疗保健功能却非同小可。一、大蒜的营养价值 对人体极有帮助的大蒜无臭营养成分,是由“狭义的沙基瓦敏复合体”及其它相关成分所组成,总称为“沙基瓦敏复合体”。为了更全面地了解大蒜的营养价值,我们先介绍大蒜的各种营养成分及其显著的生理活性作 相似文献
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农业部宣布马铃薯将成为中国新的主食,马铃薯块茎富含淀粉,高品质蛋白、重要维生素、矿物质和微量元素,然而,将马铃薯升级为中国的主食需要从文化、技术、环境和经济等方面解决很多问题。克服这些困难需要借鉴国内外的经验和技术,以牺牲生态环境为代价扩大马铃薯种植面积是不可取的。内蒙古、西北和西南地区作为中国马铃薯主产区,不适合继续扩大马铃薯种植面积,因为已经导致了草原荒漠化和水土流失等问题,政府已经提出要退耕还草或者退耕还林。在中国南部,利用冬闲田种植马铃薯,是最值得推崇的增加中国马铃薯产量的方法,也是最值得政府推广的方法。另外,将马铃薯开发成中国特色的主食如面条和馒头,使用脱水马铃薯泥作为半成品原料,提高马铃薯块茎的干物质含量,采用低温干燥方式将马铃薯加工成半成品原料等技术问题需要解决。 相似文献
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Recent Advances in the Use of High Pressure as an Effective Processing Technique in the Food Industry 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
High pressure processing is a food processing method which has shown great potential in the food industry. Similar to heat
treatment, high pressure processing inactivates microorganisms, denatures proteins and extends the shelf life of food products.
But in the meantime, unlike heat treatments, high pressure treatment can also maintain the quality of fresh foods, with little
effects on flavour and nutritional value. Furthermore, the technique is independent of the size, shape or composition of products.
In this paper, many aspects associated with applying high pressure as a processing method in the food industry are reviewed,
including operating principles, effects on food quality and safety and most recent commercial and research applications. It
is hoped that this review will promote more widespread applications of the technology to the food industry. 相似文献
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本实验测定了以黄淮地区为主的128 个小麦品种的面粉品质指标和制成主食馒头的品质指标,采用相关分析、方差分析等统计方法对小麦粉指标与主食馒头品质指标的关系进行了分析;并优选出了20 种优质的主食馒头专用小麦品种,得出了优质主食馒头专用小麦粉的最佳品质指标范围。结果表明:小麦粉的灰分含量、蛋白质含量、面筋指数、稳定时间、弱化度、拉伸面积、拉伸阻力、延伸度、L*值、b* 10 个指标为影响主食馒头品质的关键指标;优选出的20 个优质主食馒头专用小麦品种为:矮抗58、太空6号、周麦22、衡观35、澳白8008、新麦798、安麦1号、周麦27、豫麦58、漯麦4号、百农160、小偃22、洛麦21、冀麦21、隆平9987、宛麦369、豫麦49-198、众麦2号、郑麦379、豫麦52。优质主食馒头专用小麦粉最佳品质推荐指标范围灰分不高于0.55%、蛋白质含量为13.2%~15.8%、面筋指数为51.1%~81.5%、稳定时间为4.5~7.1 min、弱化度为66.5~92.1 FU、拉伸面积为80.8~91.5 cm2、拉伸阻力为218.6~300.6 EU、延伸度为167.2~201.3 mm、L*值为93.0~94.3、b*值为8.7~11.7。 相似文献
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真空冷却是一种快速、清洁的食品冷却技术,已经被广泛地应用于蔬菜、水果、焙烤食品、黏性食品、海鲜、小块熟肉以及切花的冷处理。然而,与传统的冷却方式(例如风冷和水冷等)相比,真空冷却却有失重率大和初投资大等缺点。随着社会的快速发展,人们对食品的质量安全要求越来越高。真空冷却技术作为最具潜力的高温食品快速冷却技术之一,在食品安全方面扮演的角色越来越重要。为促进真空冷技术的进一步研究,本文综述了国内外近些年来的部分研究成果。 相似文献
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中国主食面制食品及其对小麦品质的要求 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以面粉为原料的中国主食品种类繁多,其中主要是蒸煮食品,如馒头、包子、面条、水饺,占面制食品总量的80%以上。此外,还有煎炸类和面点等传统面制食品,如油条、油饼,煎饼和月饼等其它中式面点占10%以上,而世界上许多国家作为主食的焙烤食品,如面包、饼干、蛋糕等,在我国则处于次要地位,总量<10%,其中面包只占3%左右。因此,加强对我国主食蒸煮面制食品的制作工艺、食用品质要求以及与之相适应的小麦品质、加工工艺及面粉添加剂的研究,是一项非常重要的工作。 1 中国主食面制蒸煮食品的特点就蒸煮食品而言,主要是馒头、包子、面条和水 相似文献
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