天然虾青素的提取纯化及其应用

本文对从虾加工废弃物中提取虾青素(Astaxanthin)的常用方法进行了评述。碱提法对环境污染严重,虾青素易被氧化成为虾红素(Astacene);油溶法提取效率高,但提取物不易与高沸点的油分离;低沸点有机溶剂如二氯甲烷等是提取虾青素的有效溶剂,可借助蒸馏技术将溶剂循环利用;超临界萃取法可避免虾青素的降解,可得到高品质的产品,但生产成本高。同时,综述了虾青素在食品、保健品、医药和着色剂等领域中的应用。     

液体原药被制备成农药水乳剂稳定性研究

把液体原药制备成水乳剂时,在乳化剂用量不变的情况下,加入溶剂的多少会影响油相密度、分散液滴的粒径（使用不同乳化剂所受影响程度不同）和水乳分散体系的黏度,进而影响水乳分散体系的稳定性。加入溶剂越多油相密度越小,体系黏度越大,分散液滴的平均粒径越小。因此一般情况下把液体原药制备成水乳剂,溶剂加入多一些,即油相比例大一些,有利于制剂分散体系稳定。     

施工工艺施工工艺

超疏油表面的喷涂工艺 将经氟烷基硅烷处理的金属氧化物粒子和氟橡胶基料分散于低沸点的含氟溶剂中,然后喷涂于底材上,可快速形成具有低表面能的保行涂层,该涂层的微观形貌特征具有多种尺度的凸起和凹面结构,从而赋予其超疏油性。超疏油程度可很容易地通过改变基料中粒子的比例进行调整。     

有组织介质中的偶合反应Ⅱ．溶剂对偶合反应动力学的影响

本文采用连续流动装置，结合数学模型方法，测定了油溶性成色剂分别分散在邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（ＤＢＰ）、Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙基十二烷基酰胺（ＤＥＤＡ）和磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）三种溶剂中的油珠在明胶层中分别与彩色显影剂ＣＤ－２、ＣＤ－３、ＣＤ－４和ＣＤ－６的氧化产物ＱＤＩ２、ＱＤＩ３、ＱＤＩ４、ＱＤＩ６进行偶合反应的比速率常数，研究溶剂对油珠分散状成色剂的反应速率的影响。结果表明，溶剂对偶合反应速率的影响很大，一般来说，ＫＤＢＰ＞ＫＴＢＰ≥ＫＤＥＤＡ。对同一种成色剂而言，它分别与ＱＤＩ２、ＱＤＩ３、ＱＤＩ４和ＱＤＩ６进行偶合反应的比速率常数值可以表征各种显影剂氧化产物的活性。结果还表明，ＱＤＩ２、ＱＤＩ３、ＱＤＩ４和ＱＤＩ６的活性顺序随着成色剂溶剂的不同而不同。本文对上述实验结果进行了分析，并从有组织介质中的反应的角度进行了讨论。     

制备（甲基）丙烯酸过程中形成的副组分的废弃处理方法

在制备丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸过程中形成的低，中和高沸点副组分的废弃处理方法中，气态低沸点副组分被烧掉，其中溶解在水中的低沸点和中沸点副组分任选地和用溶剂处理的高沸点副组分被加入燃烧步骤中。     

半连续解吸-内部沸腾提取植物有效成分新工艺

采用半连续解吸-内部沸腾法强化植物有效成分提取,该法先用少量低沸点溶剂充分浸润原料,使其充满孔内空间并使细胞溶胀,有效成分解吸,然后用温度高于前一种溶剂沸点的高沸点溶剂连续流过被提物料进行提取,使孔内的低沸点溶剂沸腾并在孔内形成对流传质,大大强化了孔内的传质过程.通过对金银花、黄连及葛根的有效成分的提取结果表明,新工艺与传统工艺比较提取速度快20-60倍,能耗减少50%以上,效果显著.     

含油污泥多相复合调质降黏破乳分离过程

含油污泥普遍存在于石油开采、加工及使用等过程中，因其高黏度、复杂稳定乳化特性导致处理难度大，处理效率低。针对传统工艺分离效率低的问题，本文基于工程应用的目标，提出油泥多相复合调质降黏破乳分离工艺，对油泥进行资源化分离。首先，对含油污泥进行了不同的降黏处理，分别通过添加正庚烷和水多相复合调质的方法，可以调控体系乳化状态，溶解重质组分，破坏其空间结构，有效降低含油污泥表观黏度。在此基础上，将调质降黏与破乳相耦合对含油污泥进行资源化回收处理，分别探究了调质过程和破乳过程对处理效果的影响。结果表明，加入水辅助调质降黏，可有效分散含油污泥团聚体，促进重油溶解与传质，正庚烷通过稀释降低油组分黏度，并从固体表面溶解剥离。通过对油泥乳化态的调控，协同使用高效破乳剂可实现油、水、固的高效分离。当溶剂用量130%，水用量30%时，体系为油包水状态，添加400mg/kg油包水型破乳剂TJU-3处理后，重油回收率可达92.86%，油相清洁。本研究可以为含油污泥大规模资源化回收处理提供参考。     

有组织介质中的偶合反应：II.溶剂对偶合反应动力学的影响

本文采用连续流动装置，结合数学模型方法，测定了油溶性成色剂分别分散在邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（ＤＢＰ）、Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙基十二烷基酰胺（ＤＥＤＡ）和磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）三种溶剂中的油珠在明胶层中分别与彩色显影剂ＣＤ－２、ＣＤ－３、ＣＤ－４和ＣＤ－６的氧化产物ＱＤＩ２、ＱＤＩ３、ＱＤＩ４、ＱＤＩ６进行偶合反应的比速率常数，研究溶剂对油珠分散状成色剂的反应速率的影响。结果表明，溶剂对偶合反应速率的影响很大，一般来     

印度尼西亚布敦岛天然岩沥青溶剂抽提工艺研究

对岩沥青进行了资源分析与利用现状评价，针对印度尼西亚布敦岛天然岩沥青矿开发了一种溶剂抽提岩沥青生产石油沥青和燃料油的新工艺，并探讨了该工艺的技术经济可行性。对不同含油率的沥青样品采用不同溶剂进行抽提。进行了抽出油实沸点蒸馏、沥青指标分析和不同样品掺兑等实验。确定了溶剂抽提工艺方案。结果表明，选择合适的溶刺和馏程分配，能得到燃料油和石油沥青，所得沥青的软化点、针入度、延伸度等指标达到北美岩沥青技术指标要求。     

彩色影像形态学的研究——染料云的形成过程与形态变化

在大颗粒(30—40μm)溴化银晶体上,使用高分散的油溶青成色剂,以CD-3为显影剂进行彩色显影,用显微摄影的方法,观察染料云在形成过程中的形态变化,并用显微密度计对图像进行了扫描。同时,研究了竞争成色剂和DIR成色剂对染料云形态的影响。     

自然铜绿化学着色工艺的研究与应用

从工艺流程、配方、质量影响因素等方面，介绍一种在铜及其合金表面着自然铜绿的化学着色新工艺。工业实践证明：该工艺全面实现了室温化、无渣化、着色液可连续使用，具有操作简单、周期短、色彩自然稳定，成品率高达９８％以上的特点，尤其适合于规模化生产。     

Developing the methodology of colour gamut analysis and print quality evaluation for textile ink‐jet printing: Delphi method

This research used the Delphi method to investigate current colour gamut analysis methods, which is a critical component of colour management systems (CMS). Thirteen ink‐jet printing experts were interviewed to understand how they manage colour and their process for analysing and comparing colour gamut. A significant result of this study was the development of a four‐stage process model for colour gamut analysis and print quality evaluation for textile ink‐jet printing. The optimal process model was verified and approved by experts. This study uncovered an industry initiative toward the improvement of CMS for more accurate colour matching, a need to stabilise variables in the manufacturing process, and a need to standardise related tests and evaluations. The study also revealed new CMS software and technologies developed for ink formulation and pre‐/post‐treatment methods to facilitate high quality production in textile ink‐jet printing.     

新型浅色聚氨酯固化剂的合成

介绍了新型浅色聚氨酯固化剂合成配方和工艺。比较了新型固化剂与ＴＤＩ－ＴＭＰ加成物性能指标。试验表明,新型固化剂除具有ＴＤＩ－ＴＭＰ加成物的优异性能外,还具有色浅,气味小,成本低等特点,讨论了影响该固化剂性能的诸种因素。     

环氧棉子油生产中异常现象产生的原因分析及解决方法

分析了环氧棉子油生产中出现的棉子油精炼品色泽深、环氧化粗品环氧值偏低、环氧化过程中突然出现高温、蒸馏时间长、环氧油粗品通不过板框压滤机等异常现象产生的原因,提出了已应用于工业生产中的预防及解决办法。     

以煤代油烘干磷酸二铵

宏福实业开发有限总公司DAP产品干燥时,原燃煤炉采用柴油为燃料,60万t/aDAP年消耗烘干用燃料成本3000多万元。采用低飞灰沸腾炉(GXDF),以烟煤为燃料进行技改,介绍其工艺流程、工艺参数及煤代油后所取得的效果:年节约烘干DAP燃料成本2000多万元,DAP外观颜色基本无变化,各项指标均达到优等品要求。     

Quantifying metamerism

Metamerism can add an additional dimension to colour control systems. Different aspects of metamerism have been studied and discussed by many researchers. Computerised colorant formulations normally predict low metameric recipes, but the reliability of present measures of metamerism may be questionable as fresh aspects of colour appearance have been recently described. Chromatic adaptation and colour constancy are related phenomena. Studies in these fields are reviewed in this paper, which hopefully will encourage researchers to find a new and more effective measure of metamerism.     

熔体直纺工艺中粘度波动对长丝质量的影响

讨论了熔体粘度波动时熔体的可纺性、POY的物性指标及后加工性能、DTY的质量指标及其染色等情况。结果表明;熔体粘度偏低时,前纺飘丝断头增多,后纺伸头困难,POY和DTY的强度降低、伸长度增大,DTY有较多的点状僵丝,袜带吸色较深且有较多的色斑点;熔体粘度偏高时,熔体泵前压力偏低,后加工张力高,纸筒管易于破裂。POY和DTY纤度偏小,强度增大,伸长度减小,各种不匀增大,袜带吸色较浅且较为均匀。初步确定熔体粘度的波动范围应控制在1.615—1.650.     

Application of ozone gas for the stripping of fabric ink‐jet‐printed with reactive dyes

In this study, a novel process utilizing ozone was carried out for colour stripping of fabrics misprinted with reactive dyes in ink‐jet machines. The results of ozone applications were compared with conventional colour stripping process performed by thiourea dioxide (TUDO) and soda ash. In trials, cotton‐based and viscose‐based woven fabrics were used as these fabrics were the most utilized at the textile mill in which this study was performed. Different ozone treatment times (30, 45, 60 or 90 min) were tested to find optimum process time and it was found that process times depended on fabric type. Particularly, colour stripping on high density and thick fabrics were harder than low density and thin fabric types. Fabric strengths, whiteness indexes and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values were measured. Also energy, chemical and water consumptions were calculated. Consequently, it was found that the reduction of the COD value of effluent was up to 98%. The calculations showed that the savings in time and cost in ozone treatment were up to 77%. Satisfactory colour stripping and tensile strengths were achieved.     

Logo colour and differentiation: A new application of environmental colour mapping

Creating a logo design is an important task for a new company wishing to gain entry in a particular industry sector. It requires an initial situation analysis that examines existing logos within the sector, and this information is then used to inform creation of a new logo design. Colour, one of a number of design elements used to create a new logo, is a key element in creating a unique logo and in terms of enabling a logo achieve differentiation in a competitive environment. This article discusses the application of the environmental colour mapping process during the initial situation analysis phase of logo design. The process, which has been applied in urban design studies in Japan, America, France, England, and Norway has recently been augmented with the addition of digital technology. Using a case study approach, the ‘environment’ for the purpose of this study represented the logo designs of organizations within a specific industry sector. The main outcome from the process (colour data presented in the form of a colour map) was examined for patterns of similarity and dissimilarity and an attempt was made to identify new options for logo colours within the sector based on colour differentiation. This study represents a new application of the environmental colour mapping process and a number of limitations and benefits are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011     

Spectrophotometric colour matching algorithm for top-dyed mélange yarn,based on an artificial neural network

Colour, the first element of quality control of textile products, is a complex subject relating to physical optics, psychology, and the human visual system. Colour matching remains one of the major problems in the textile industry. Mélange yarn is a class of textile product with a specific colour appearance, which colour is mainly affected by colour matching of the dyed fibres and their ratio for spinning rather than by the dyeing process. The existing colour matching models for mélange yarn derived from specific types of fibre or specific spinning processes are restricted by the adopted conditions and parameters of the model, resulting in low universal applicability and low accuracy. In this paper, a spectrophotometric colour matching algorithm based on the back-propagation (BP) neural network and its processes were proposed. The weighted average spectrum was predicted by a BP neural network, followed by recipe prediction from the weighted average with constrained least squares. The results showed that the average colour difference of practical samples, based on the prediction of nine blind testing targets, was 0.79 CMC (2:1) units if more than two a priori training samples were used. This result indicated the capability and practicality of accurate prediction of colour matching for top-dyed mélange yarn by this novel method.